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Alfieri M, Meo L, Ragno P. Posttranscriptional Regulation of the Plasminogen Activation System by Non-Coding RNA in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020962. [PMID: 36674481 PMCID: PMC9860977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various species of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may act as functional molecules regulating diverse biological processes. In cancer cell biology, ncRNAs include RNAs that regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through various mechanisms. The urokinase (uPA)-mediated plasminogen activation system (PAS) includes uPA, its inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 and its specific cellular receptor uPAR; their increased expression represents a negative prognostic factor in several cancers. Here, we will briefly describe the main uPA-mediated PAS components and ncRNA species; then, we will review more recent evidence of the roles that ncRNAs may play in regulating the expression and functions of uPA-mediated PAS components in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaevelina Alfieri
- Clinical Pathology, Pausilipon Hospital, A.O.R.N Santobono-Pausilipon, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Meo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-969456
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2
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Fatima M, Karwasra R, Almalki WH, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Galactose engineered nanocarriers: Hopes and hypes in cancer therapy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Aslani M. Dysregulated miRNAs network in the critical COVID-19: An important clue for uncontrolled immunothrombosis/thromboinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109040. [PMID: 35839566 PMCID: PMC9271492 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Known as a pivotal immunohemostatic response, immunothrombosis is activated to restrict the diffusion of pathogens. This beneficial intravascular defensive mechanism represents the close interaction between the immune and coagulation systems. However, its uncontrolled form can be life-threatening to patients with the critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hyperinflammation and ensuing cytokine storm underlie the activation of the coagulation system, something which results in the provocation of more immune-inflammatory responses by the thrombotic mediators. This vicious cycle causes grave clinical complications and higher risks of mortality. Classified as an evolutionarily conserved family of the small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as the fine-tuners of genes expression and play a key role in balancing the pro/anticoagulant and pro-/anti-inflammatory factors maintaining homeostasis. Therefore, any deviation from their optimal expression levels or efficient functions can lead to severe complications. Despite their extensive effects on the molecules and processes involved in uncontrolled immunothrombosis, some genetic agents and uncontrolled immunothrombosis-induced interfering factors (e.g., miRNA-single nucleotide polymorphysms (miR-SNPs), the complement system components, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) have apparently disrupted their expressions/functions. This review study aims to give an overview of the role of miRNAs in the context of uncontrolled immunothrombosis/thromboinflammation accompanied by some presumptive interfering factors affecting their expressions/functions in the critical COVID-19. Detecting, monitoring, and resolving these interfering agents mafy facilitate the design and development of the novel miRNAs-based therapeutic approaches to the reduction of complications incidence and mortality in patients with the critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.
| | - Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Ran Q, Xu D, Wang Q, Wang D. Hypermethylation of the Promoter Region of miR-23 Enhances the Metastasis and Proliferation of Multiple Myeloma Cells via the Aberrant Expression of uPA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835299. [PMID: 35707350 PMCID: PMC9189361 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma has a long course, with no obvious symptoms in the early stages. However, advanced stages are characterized by injury to the bone system and represent a severe threat to human health. The results of the present work indicate that the hypermethylation of miR-23 promoter mediates the aberrant expression of uPA/PLAU (urokinase plasminogen activator, uPA) in multiple myeloma cells. miR-23, a microRNA that potentially targets uPA’s 3’UTR, was predicted by the online tool miRDB. The endogenous expressions of uPA and miR-23 are related to disease severity in human patients, and the expression of miR-23 is negatively related to uPA expression. The hypermethylation of the promoter region of miR-23 is a promising mechanism to explain the low level of miR-23 or aberrant uPA expression associated with disease severity. Overexpression of miR-23 inhibited the expression of uPA by targeting the 3’UTR of uPA, not only in MM cell lines, but also in patient-derived cell lines. Overexpression of miR-23 also inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion of MM cells in a nude mouse model. The results therefore extend our knowledge about uPA in MM and may assist in the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Ran
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qijie Ran, ; Dongsheng Wang,
| | - Dehong Xu
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, China
- *Correspondence: Qijie Ran, ; Dongsheng Wang,
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5
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Zhu R, Qi WY, Liu TW, Liu F. MicroRNA 449a can Attenuate Protective Effect of Urokinase Against Pulmonary Embolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:713848. [PMID: 35571119 PMCID: PMC9095938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.713848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a disabling diseases with high incidence rate and mortality rate. Although with high specificity, D-Dimer lacks specificity to assess APE, hence additional diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are necessary. APE is widely treated with serine protease urokinase or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which act as a catalyst for conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to resolve blood clots. However, it is unknown the role of differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in protective effect of uPA against APE. Hence, we performed miRNA profiling in a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells in vitro and a APE mice model in vivo. Our analysis revealed that miR-34a-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-331-3p are upregulated with H/R or APE induction, whereas miR-429, miR-491-5p, and miR-449a are downregulated. The differential expression of the miRNAs was attenuated to levels comparable to control by treatment with uPA both in vitro and in vivo. In situ target prediction and analysis of potential functions of the target genes showed that the enrichment of biological processes and pathways were related to cell growth, proliferation, and inflammation. Ectopic overexpression of miR-449a using a mimic completely attenuated the protective effect of uPA in the H/R model in vitro. These results provide a group of miRNAs that could be used as markers, and the modulation of these miRNAs might have potential therapeutic benefits in patients with APE, which need to be validated in additional studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-yi Qi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-wei Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Liu,
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6
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Liu J, Yang C, Huang XM, Lv PP, Yang YK, Zhao JN, Zhao SY, Sun WJ. Knockdown of FBI-1 Inhibits the Warburg Effect and Enhances the Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Molecular Targeted Agents via miR-3692/HIF-1α. Front Oncol 2021; 11:796839. [PMID: 34869045 PMCID: PMC8633402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.796839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription suppressor factor FBI-1 (the factor that binds to inducer of short transcripts-1) is an important regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this work, the results showed that FBI-1 promoted the Warburg effect and enhances the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to molecular targeted agents. Knockdown of FBI-1 via its small-interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the ATP level, lactate productions, glucose uptake or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activation of HCC cells. Transfection of siFBI-1 also decreased the expression of the Warburg-effect-related factors: hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), or GLUT1, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related factors, Vimentin or N-cadherin. The positive correlation between the expression of FBI-1 with HIF-1α, LDHA, or GLUT1 was confirmed in HCC tissues. Mechanistically, the miR-30c repressed the expression of HIF-1α by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of HIF-1α in a sequence-specific manner, and FBI-1 enhanced the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-1α pathway's activation by repressing the expression of miR. By modulating the miR-30c/HIF-1α, FBI-1 promoted the Warburg effect or the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCC cells and promoted the resistance of HCC cells to molecular targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Hematology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Hematology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Huang
- Department of Hematology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lv
- Department of Hematology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Kun Yang
- Department of Hematology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Na Zhao
- Department of Hematology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Huicheng Medical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Jun Sun
- Department of Hematology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhou Q, Liu M, Shao T, Xie P, Zhu S, Wang W, Miao Q, Peng J, Zhang P. TPX2 Enhanced the Activation of the HGF/ETS-1 Pathway and Increased the Invasion of Endocrine-Independent Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:618540. [PMID: 34123781 PMCID: PMC8193931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.618540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for endocrine-independent prostate carcinoma is still poor due to its highly metastatic feature. In the present work, TPX2 (the targeting protein for Xklp2), which is known as a micro-tubulin interacted protein, was identified as a novel coactivator of ETS-1, a transcription factor that plays a central role in mediating the metastasis of human malignancies. TPX2 enhanced the transcription factor activation of ETS-1 and increased the expression of ETS-1's downstream metastasis-related genes, such as mmp3 or mmp9, induced by HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), a typical agonist of the HGF/c-MET/ETS-1 pathway. The protein-interaction between TPX2 and ETS-1 was examined using immunoprecipitation (IP). TPX2 enhanced the accumulation of ETS-1 in the nuclear and the recruitment of its binding element (EST binding site, EBS) located in the promoter region of its downstream gene, mmp9. Moreover, TPX2 enhanced the in vitro or in vivo invasion of a typical endocrine-independent prostate carcinoma cell line, PC-3. Therefore, TPX2 enhanced the activation of the HGF/ETS-1 pathway to enhance the invasion of endocrine-independent prostate carcinoma cells and thus it would be a promising target for prostate carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Zhou
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Pingbo Xie
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Shaojie Zhu
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Qiong Miao
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
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8
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Zolota V, Tzelepi V, Piperigkou Z, Kourea H, Papakonstantinou E, Argentou MI, Karamanos NK. Epigenetic Alterations in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer-The Critical Role of Extracellular Matrix. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040713. [PMID: 33572395 PMCID: PMC7916242 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subgroup of breast cancer characterized by genomic complexity and therapeutic options limited to only standard chemotherapy. Although it has been suggested that stratifying TNBC patients by pathway-specific molecular alterations may predict benefit from specific therapeutic agents, application in routine clinical practice has not yet been established. There is a growing body of the literature supporting that epigenetic modifications comprised by DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs play a fundamental role in TNBC pathogenesis. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic 3D network of macromolecules with structural and cellular regulatory roles. Alterations in the expression of ECM components result in uncontrolled matrix remodeling, thus affecting its ability to regulate vital functions of cancer cells, including proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent molecular data highlight the major role of tumor microenvironment and ECM alterations in TNBC and approaches for targeting tumor microenvironment have recently been recognized as potential therapeutic strategies. Notably, many of the ECM/EMT modifications in cancer are largely driven by epigenetic events, highlighting the pleiotropic effects of the epigenetic network in TNBC. This article presents and critically discusses the current knowledge on the epigenetic alterations correlated with TNBC pathogenesis, with emphasis on those associated with ECM/EMT modifications, their prognostic and predictive value and their use as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (V.T.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-0693613366
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (V.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece; (Z.P.); (N.K.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 26110 Patras, Greece
| | - Helen Kourea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (V.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Efthymia Papakonstantinou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece;
| | - Maria-Ioanna Argentou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece;
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece; (Z.P.); (N.K.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 26110 Patras, Greece
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9
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Xiang W, Wang Q, Cao Y. Molecular Mechanisms of the Action of Myricetin in Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:123-133. [PMID: 31648635 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191018112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds, such as paclitaxel and camptothecin, have great effects on the treatment of tumors. Such natural chemicals often achieve anti-tumor effects through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct further studies on the anticancer mechanism of natural anticancer agents to lay a solid foundation for the development of new drugs. Myricetin, originally isolated from Myrica nagi, is a natural pigment of flavonoids that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells (such as liver cancer, rectal cancer, skin cancer and lung cancer, etc.). It can regulate many intracellular activities (such as anti-inflammatory and blood lipids regulation) and can even be bacteriostatic. The purpose of this paper is to outline the molecular pathways of the anticancer effects of myricetin, including the effect on cancer cell death, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaoying Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
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10
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Piña-Sánchez P, Valdez-Salazar HA, Ruiz-Tachiquín ME. Circulating microRNAs and their role in the immune response in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:224. [PMID: 32968446 PMCID: PMC7499949 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide, and despite advances in treatments, its incidence and mortality are increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new, non-invasive tests that provide more accurate diagnosis and prognosis in a timely manner. A promising approach is measuring the presence of biomarkers to detect tumors at various stages and determine their specific characteristics, thus allowing for more personalized treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve a role in gene expression, primarily by interacting with messenger RNAs, and may be potential biomarkers for detecting cancer. They are detectable in tissues and blood, including plasma and/or serum, are stable and often tumor specific. Also, different miRNAs are associated with specific BC molecular subtypes. Triple-negative BC (TNBC) is a type of BC in which the primary targets for hormonal therapy are absent. It is an aggressive phenotype, which frequently metastasizes and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The present review focuses on circulating miRNAs in patients with TNBC, with an emphasis on their interaction with the immune response checkpoint genes PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA4. Modulation and response of the immune system are of interest in cancer treatment due to the success of immunotherapy in the treatment of various neoplasms. Based on the findings of this literature review and the in silico analysis performed as part of this review, it is concluded that circulating hsa-miR-195 and hsa-miR-155 in TNBC interact with checkpoint genes involved in the immune response. Further analysis of the expression of these circulating miRNAs and their association with prognosis in patients with TNBC treated with immunotherapy should be assessed to evaluate their possible use as non-invasive predictive biomarkers. In addition, functional studies to analyze biologically relevant targets in the development and prognosis of TNBC, which could be therapeutic targets, are also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Oncological Diseases Medical Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Hilda-Alicia Valdez-Salazar
- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Medical Research Unit, Pediatrics Hospital 'Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund', XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Martha-Eugenia Ruiz-Tachiquín
- Oncological Diseases Medical Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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11
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Wong JS, Cheah YK. Potential miRNAs for miRNA-Based Therapeutics in Breast Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32668603 PMCID: PMC7549352 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate the genes involved in critical cellular processes. The aberrant expressions of oncogenic or tumor suppressor miRNAs have been associated with cancer progression and malignancies. This resulted in the dysregulation of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and survival, metastasis, cancer recurrence and chemoresistance. In this review, we will first (i) provide an overview of the miRNA biogenesis pathways, and in vitro and in vivo models for research, (ii) summarize the most recent findings on the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) that could potentially be used for miRNA-based therapy in the treatment of breast cancer and (iii) discuss the various therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sheng Wong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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12
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13
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Zhou Y, Chen D, Xue G, Yu S, Yuan C, Huang M, Jiang L. Improved therapeutic efficacy of quercetin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles on triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting uPA. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34517-34526. [PMID: 35514369 PMCID: PMC9056791 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one kind of breast cancer that demonstrates highly aggressive tumor biology. The high heterogeneity of TNBC makes its individual clinical treatment extremely blind and limited, which also introduces more challenges into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a high level marker for breast cancer, which mediates tumor growth and metastasis. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid in many plants, which inhibits uPA and has low bioavailability and mediocre pharmaceutical efficacy. Thus, we herein developed polymeric nanoparticulate systems from PLGA-TPGS (Qu-NPs) for quercetin oral delivery and evaluated the anticancer effect of this formulation on TNBC in vitro and in vivo. Qu-NPs have a uniform spherical morphology with a mean diameter of 198.4 ± 7.8 nm and good drug loading capacity (8.1 ± 0.4%). Moreover, Qu-NPs exhibited significantly improved inhibition on the growth and metastasis in TNBC cells. Following oral gavage, a remarkable antitumor effect of Qu-NPs on 4T1-bearing mice was observed with a tumor inhibition ratio of 67.88% and fewer lung metastatic colonies. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the migration of uPA knockdown MDA-MB231 cells was greatly attenuated. Together, Qu-NPs improved the significant antitumor and antimetastatic effects by inhibiting uPA, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of TNBC. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one kind of breast cancer that demonstrates highly aggressive tumor biology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Guangpu Xue
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Cai Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
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14
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Sun H, Feng F, Xie H, Li X, Jiang Q, Chai Y, Wang Z, Yang R, Li R, Hou J. Quantitative examination of the inhibitory activation of molecular targeting agents in hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived cell invasion via a novel in vivo tumor model. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:259-268. [PMID: 31942558 PMCID: PMC6930997 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcomes for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving sorafenib are far from satisfactory because of treatment resistance to sorafenib. However, the exact mechanism of resistance to sorafenib remains unclear and it is valuable to establish a novel mouse model to quantitatively analyze the inhibition rates of sorafenib on the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver. METHODS HCC tissue microblocks derived from patients were cultured and mixed with hydrogel drops. Then, hydrogel drops containing microblocks of HCC tissue were attached onto the surface of the livers of nude mice to form lesions or nodules of HCC. The mice received molecular targeting agents through oral administration. Livers with tumor nodules were harvested for H&E staining (hematoxylin-eosin staining) analysis and H&E staining images were quantitatively analyzed using image J software. The invasive growth of HCC cells into the liver was calculated using the depth of the lesions compared with the total thickness of the liver. RESULTS Microblocks containing cells derived from HCC patients can form lesions in the liver of nude mice. Oral administration of molecular targeting agents inhibited the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice. CONCLUSIONS The model established in this study involves the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice, and the model allows for the quantitative analysis of the inhibitory effect of molecular targeting agents on the invasion of HCC cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwei Sun
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Fan Feng
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Center for Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Interventional TherapyThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Qiyu Jiang
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Yantao Chai
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Ruichuang Yang
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Jun Hou
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineThe Fifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
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15
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Ibrahim AB, Zaki HF, Wadie W, Omran MM, Shouman SA. Simvastatin Evokes An Unpredicted Antagonism For Tamoxifen In MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10011-10028. [PMID: 31819634 PMCID: PMC6886548 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s218668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal antiestrogen drug, used in the prevention and treatment of all stages of hormone-responsive breast cancer. Simvastatin (SIM) is a lipid-lowering agent and has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of TAM and SIM in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and in mice-bearing Ehrlich solid tumors. Methods MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of TAM or/and SIM for 72 hours and the effects of the combination treatment on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis were investigated using different techniques. In addition, tumor volume, oxidative markers, and inflammatory markers of the combined therapy were explored in mice bearing solid EAC tumors. Results The results showed that treatment of MCF-7 cells with the combination of 10 µM TAM, and 2 µM SIM significantly inhibited the increase in oxidative stress markers, LDH, and NF-kB induced by TAM. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the total apoptotic ratio, caspase-3 activity, and glucose uptake, while there was a non-significant change in Bax/bcl-2 ratio compared to the TAM-treated group. Using the isobologram equation, the drug interaction was antagonistic with combination index, CI=1.18. On the other hand, the combination regimen decreased VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinases, MMP 2&9 compared to TAM-treated cells. Additionally, in vivo, the combination regimen resulted in a non-significant decrease in the tumor volume, decreased oxidative markers, and the protein expression of TNF-α, and NF-κB compared to the TAM treated group. Conclusion Although the combination regimen of TAM and SIM showed an antagonistic drug interaction in MCF-7 breast cancer, it displayed favorable antiangiogenic, anti-metastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel B Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Zawiya, Libya
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat M Omran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
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16
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Yang B, Wang C, Xie H, Wang Y, Huang J, Rong Y, Zhang H, Kong H, Yang Y, Lu Y. MicroRNA-3163 targets ADAM-17 and enhances the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to molecular targeted agents. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:784. [PMID: 31611551 PMCID: PMC6791891 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular targeted agents, such as sorafenib, remain the only choice of an antitumor drug for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Notch signaling pathway plays central roles in regulating the cellular injury/stress response, anti-apoptosis, or epithelial–mesenchymal transition process in HCC cells, and is a promising target for enhancing the sensitivity of HCC cells to antitumor agents. The ADAM metalloprotease domain-17 (ADAM-17) mediates the cleavage and activation of Notch protein. In the present study, microRNA-3163 (miR-3163), which binds to the 3′-untranslated region of ADAM-17, was screened using online methods. miRDB and pre-miR-3163 sequences were prepared into lentivirus particles to infect HCC cells. miR-3163 targeted ADAM-17 and inhibited the activation of the Notch signaling pathway. Infection of HCC cells with miR-3163 enhanced their sensitivity to molecular targeted agents, such as sorafenib. Therefore, miR-3163 may contribute to the development of more effective strategies for the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Comprehensive liver cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Comprehensive liver cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yiwu Wang
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA The 532nd Hospital, Huangshan, 242700, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiagan Huang
- Comprehensive liver cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yihui Rong
- Comprehensive liver cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huixin Zhang
- Comprehensive liver cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huifang Kong
- Comprehensive liver cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Comprehensive liver cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive liver cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Rahman MM, Brane AC, Tollefsbol TO. MicroRNAs and Epigenetics Strategies to Reverse Breast Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101214. [PMID: 31597272 PMCID: PMC6829616 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a sporadic disease with genetic and epigenetic components. Genomic instability in breast cancer leads to mutations, copy number variations, and genetic rearrangements, while epigenetic remodeling involves alteration by DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs (miRNAs) of gene expression profiles. The accrued scientific findings strongly suggest epigenetic dysregulation in breast cancer pathogenesis though genomic instability is central to breast cancer hallmarks. Being reversible and plastic, epigenetic processes appear more amenable toward therapeutic intervention than the more unidirectional genetic alterations. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic reprogramming associated with breast cancer such as shuffling of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and miRNAs expression profiles. As part of this, we illustrate how epigenetic instability orchestrates the attainment of cancer hallmarks which stimulate the neoplastic transformation-tumorigenesis-malignancy cascades. As reversibility of epigenetic controls is a promising feature to optimize for devising novel therapeutic approaches, we also focus on the strategies for restoring the epistate that favor improved disease outcome and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Andrew C Brane
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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18
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Yin F, Feng F, Wang L, Wang X, Li Z, Cao Y. SREBP-1 inhibitor Betulin enhances the antitumor effect of Sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma via restricting cellular glycolytic activity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:672. [PMID: 31511501 PMCID: PMC6739379 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism that correlates tightly to the glucose metabolic regulation in malignant cells includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), a regulator of fatty acid synthesis, has been shown to pivotally regulate the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. However, the intrinsic mechanism by which SREBP-1 regulates the survival of HCC cells remains unclear. In this study, among HCC patients who had dismal responses to Sorafenib, a high SREBP-1 level was found in the tumors and correlated to poor survival. This observation suggested the negative role of SREBP-1 in clinical HCC prognosis. Our mechanistical studies reveal that the inhibition of SREBP-1 via its inhibitor Betulin suppresses cellular glucose metabolism. In addition to the reduced glycolytic activity, a thwarted metastatic potential was observed in HCC cells upon Betulin administration. Moreover, our data show that SREBP-1 inhibition facilitated the antitumor effects of Sorafenib on HCC cells and xenograft tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- Department of Oncology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Feng
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100039, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100843, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100843, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Wang L, En H, Yang L, Zhang Y, Sun B, Gao J. miR-596 suppresses the expression of Survivin and enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to the molecular targeting agent anlotinib. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6825-6838. [PMID: 31686840 PMCID: PMC6709039 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s215145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OSA), the most common primary bone malignancy, is characterized by a wide spectrum of complicated pathologies and frequent distal metastasis and causes death in adolescents and young adults worldwide. Antitumor drug treatment strategies include various cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, while molecular targeted therapy for OSA is currently less used. The present work revealed the role played by the miR-596/Survivin axis in affecting the sensitivity of OSA cells to anlotinib, a novel molecular targeting agent. Methods By virtual screening, we found that miR-596 might target Survivin by using an online tool (miRDB). RNA levels of miR-596 and Survivin in clinical specimens were examined with qPCR. The effect of miR-596 on anlotinib’s antitumor effect was examined with MTT experiments, the subcutaneous tumor model, or the intramuscular tumor model. Results Overexpression of miR-596 via lentiviral particles repressed the protein level of Survivin in U2OS cells. Transfection of miR-596 enhanced the antitumor effect of anlotinib on U2OS cells or five cell lines derived from OSA patients. Conclusion miR-596 targets Survivin and enhances the antitumor effect of anlotinib on OSA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - He En
- Department of Outpatient, The 81st Group Army Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Outpatient, The 80th Group Army Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army (formerly the 89th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army), Weifang City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- Department of Outpatient, The 81st Group Army Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baisheng Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Fifth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (formerly the 307th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army), Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjiang Gao
- Department of Emergency, Haiyang People's Hospital, Haiyang, Shandong 265100, People's Republic of China
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20
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Hou FJ, Guo LX, Zheng KY, Song JN, Wang Q, Zheng YG. Chelidonine enhances the antitumor effect of lenvatinib on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6685-6697. [PMID: 31695406 PMCID: PMC6707434 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s215103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lenvatinib is a newly approved molecular targeted drug for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the high cost associated with this treatment poses a huge financial burden on patients and the entire public health system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies that enhance the antitumor effect of lenvatinib. Methods The antitumor effects of chelidonine or/and lenvatinib on HCC cell lines MHCC97-H and LM-3 were examined using the 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2- H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. For the in-vivo investigation, the effect on subcutaneous or intrahepatic tumor growth in nude mice was also determined. The mRNA levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were examined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Results In the present study, we found that treatment with chelidonine enhanced the apoptotic effect of lenvatinib on HCC cells and the in-vivo growth of HCC tumors in nude mice. Mechanistically, treatment with chelidonine increased the expression of epithelial indicator E-cadherin, whereas it decreased the expression of mesenchymal indicators N-cadherin and Vimentin. These findings suggest that chelidonine restricted the EMT in HCC cells. Conclusion Chelidonine inhibits the process of EMT and enhances the antitumor effect of lenvatinib on HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jie Hou
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xiao Guo
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yan Zheng
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Na Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guang Zheng
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
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21
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Ma DB, Qin MM, Shi L, Ding XM. MicroRNA-6077 enhances the sensitivity of patients-derived lung adenocarcinoma cells to anlotinib by repressing the activation of glucose transporter 1 pathway. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109391. [PMID: 31421224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anlotinib is a novel molecular targeted agent targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, which differs from the other currently available non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) molecular targeted drugs targeting this receptor. Although the application of anlotinib may bring new hope for patients with advanced NSCLC, the cost of treatment is high. The results of this study showed that microRNA-6077 (miR-6077) represses the expression of GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) and enhances the sensitivity of patient-derived lung adenocarcinoma (AC) cells to anlotinib. The miR-6077, which potentially binds to the 3'untranslated region of GLUT1, was identified and screened by miRDB, an online tool; sequences of miR-6077 were prepared as lentivirus particles. A549 cells (a lung adenocarcinoma cell line) and five patient-derived AC cell lines were infected with control miRNA or miR-6077, and subsequently treated with the indicated concentration of anlotinib. The expression of proteins, such as GLUT1, was determined by western blotting. The antitumor effect of anlotinib was identified through in-vitro (e.g., MTT) or in-vivo methods (e.g., subcutaneous tumor model). Overexpression of miR-6077 repressed the expression of GLUT1 and decreased the glucose uptake, lactate production, or ATP generation in AC cells. In addition, MiR-6077 may enhance the antitumor effect of anlotinib on A549 or patient-derived AC cell lines. Therefore, our results indicated that miR-6077 represses the expression of GLUT1 and enhances the sensitivity of patients-derived lung AC cells to anlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Bin Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Meng-Meng Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xin-Min Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
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22
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Zhu L, Liu Z, Dong R, Wang X, Zhang M, Guo X, Yu N, Zeng A. MicroRNA-3662 targets ZEB1 and attenuates the invasion of the highly aggressive melanoma cell line A375. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5845-5856. [PMID: 31388313 PMCID: PMC6607987 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. It accounts for approximately 5% of all cutaneous malignancies and is currently responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of melanoma, in particular the invasive growth in normal skin or muscle tissue, remain unknown. Materials and methods miR-3662, a microRNA is a potential tumor suppressor targeting zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which functions as a key regulator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. This microRNA was identified using an online database (miRDB) and expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to examine whether miR-3662 inhibits the EMT process in the aggressive melanoma cell line, A375, through the modification of the expression of invasion-related genes in A375 cells. The effects of miR-3662 on the in vivo growth of A375 cells were examined in a nude mouse model. Results Using virtual screening of the miRDB database, miR-3662 was shown to target the 3ʹ untranslated region (UTR) of the ZEB1 gene. Expression of miR-3662 via a lentivirus vector significantly decreased protein levels of ZEB1 and inhibited the growth of A375 cells in vitro and in vivo. The reduction in ZEB1 expression induced by miR-3662 resulted in EMT inhibition in A375 cells and decreased the relative expression of metastasis genes. Conclusion Down-regulation of ZEB1’s expression via miR-3662 lentivirus vectors significantly decreased the in vitro and in vivo growth of the highly aggressive melanoma cell line A375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijia Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Zeng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Changes in uPA, PAI-1, and TGF-β Production during Breast Cancer Cell Interaction with Human Mesenchymal Stroma/Stem-Like Cells (MSC). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112630. [PMID: 31142059 PMCID: PMC6600334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of cancer cells with neighboring non-malignant cells in the microenvironment play an important role for progressive neoplastic development and metastasis. Long-term direct co-culture of human MDA-MB-231cherry breast cancer cells with benign human mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC) MSC544GFP stably expressing mCherry and eGFP fluorescence proteins, respectively, was associated with the formation of three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids in vitro. The quantification of the breast tumor marker urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in mono-cultured MDA-MB-231 cells revealed an approximately 14-fold enhanced expression when compared to five different normal human MSC mono-cultures. Moreover, uPA levels in 3D tumor spheroids remained elevated 9.4-fold above the average of five different human MSC cultures. In contrast, the expression of the corresponding plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) declined by 2.6-fold in the breast cancer cells and was even further reduced by 3.2-fold in the MDA-MB-231cherry/MSC544GFP 3D co-culture spheroids when compared to the various MSC populations. The supportive data were obtained for the production of TGF-β1, which is an important growth factor in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis formation. Whereas, TGF-β1 release in MDA-MB-231cherry/MSC544GFP co-cultures was elevated by 1.56-fold as compared to MSC544 mono-cultures after 24 h; this ratio further increased to 2.19-fold after 72 h. Quantitative PCR analyses in MSC544 and MDA-MB-231 cells revealed that MSC, rather than the breast cancer cells, are responsible for TGF-β1 synthesis and that TGF-β1 contributes to its own synthesis in these cells. These findings suggested potential synergistic effects in the expression/secretion of uPA, PAI-1, and TGF-β during the co-culture of breast cancer cells with MSC.
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Meng D, Lei H, Zheng X, Han Y, Sun R, Zhao D, Liu R. A temperature-sensitive phase-change hydrogel of tamoxifen achieves the long-acting antitumor activation on breast cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3919-3931. [PMID: 31213826 PMCID: PMC6538837 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s201421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the foremost threats to female health nowadays. Tamoxifen, an antagonist of estrogen receptor-α (ERα), is the first choice for endocrine-dependent breast cancer (ERα-positive breast cancer) treatment. However, ERα has an important function in the normal physical regulation of estrogen, and current oral administration of tamoxifen has potential side effects on normal endocrine secretion. In the present work, we aim to develop novel approaches to increase the antitumor effect of tamoxifen on breast cancer cells and decrease the potential side effects in the human body during treatment. Methods: A temperature-sensitive phase-change hydrogel for tamoxifen (Tam-Gel) was generated. After establishing subcutaneous tumors formed by MCF-7, an ERα-positive breast cancer cell line, in nude mice, an intratumoral injection of Tam-Gel was performed to examine whether Tam-Gel facilitated the slow-release or antitumor effect of tamoxifen. A metastatic breast cancer model was established using the intrahepatic growth of MCF-7 cells in immunodeficient rats. Results: Tam-Gel can transform from liquid to hydrogel at room temperature. An intratumoral injection of Tam-Gel facilitated the slow-release or antitumor effect of tamoxifen. Once Tam-Gel, but not Tam-Sol, was administered by intratumoral injection, it significantly decreased the uptake of radionuclide probes (18F-fluoroestradiol or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) by cells in rats' livers and the intrahepatic growth of MCF-7 cells in rats' livers. Conclusion: A novel slow-release system was successfully prepared to facilitate the long-term release of tamoxifen in breast cancer tissues, and achieved an antitumor effect in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Meng
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Lei
- Department of Radio Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Han
- Department of Oncology, The Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronggang Sun
- Department of Radio Oncology, The People's Hospital of YangZhong City, YangZhong, Jiangsu Province, 212200, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Zhao
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Zhao M, Zhao H, Cheng S, Bai R, Song M. MicroRNA-940 restricts the expression of metastasis-associated gene MACC1 and enhances the antitumor effect of Anlotinib on colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2809-2822. [PMID: 31114229 PMCID: PMC6489584 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis-associated with colon cancer-1 (MACC1) is an important regulator that promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) cells’ proliferation and distant metastasis. Therefore, MACC1 is considered as a promising therapeutic target of CRC. This work aimed to identify the microRNA (miR) targeted to MACC1, and to study the potential of using the particular miR in enhancing the antitumor effect of chemotherapy. Materials and methods: miR prediction was performed in the miR database. The effect of miR-940 on MACC1’s expression was examined by Western blot, and the effect of miR-940 on the expression of genes related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments. In vivo growth of CRC cells were analyzed in the nude mice subcutaneous tumor model and CRC liver metastasis model. Results: By using the database, miR-940 was identified to target to the 3ʹUTR of MACC1’s mRNA. Experimentally, transfection of miR-940 decreased the expression of MACC1 in CRC cells and inhibited the EMT process of the transfected cells. MiR-940 also enhanced the inhibitory effect of Anlotinib on CRC cells’ in vivo growth and invasion. Correspondingly, ectopic expression of MACC1 mutant, which does not contain miR-940 binding site, blocked the antitumor effect of miR-940 on CRC cells. Conclusion: MiR-940 restricts the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells by targeting to MACC1’s mRNA, and enhances the antitumor effect of Anlotinib on CRC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huishan Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rixing Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maomin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wei L, Lun Y, Zhou X, He S, Gao L, Liu Y, He Z, Li B, Wang C. Novel urokinase-plasminogen activator inhibitor SPINK13 inhibits growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:73-85. [PMID: 30862605 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is a serious threat to the public health system of China. Urokinase-plasminogen activator (uPA) can promote the invasive growth and metastasis of HCC cells by activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to the breakage of the extra-cellular matrix. uPA is a promising target for advanced HCC treatment. In this stuy the expression of uPA was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in hepatic cell lines. Protein interaction between uPA and SPINK13 was identified by immunoprecipitation. In vitro biochemical assay was used to examine the inhibitory effect of the SPINK13 on the direct cleaving of the recombinant pro-MMP9 by uPA. The antitumor effect of SPINK13 was examined by transwell assay or the nude mice tumor model.The expression of uPA was much higher in highly aggressive HCC cell lines than in lowly aggressive HCC cell lines or non-tumor hepatic cell lines. SPINK13 interacted with uPA in HCC cells and directly inhibited the cleaving of MMP9 by uPA. Treatment of the recombinant SPINK13 protein inhibited the invasion of HCC cells in several experiments, such as transwell experiments or the intrahepatic growth model. The results of the study indicated that SPINK13 could function as a promising therapeutic approach for patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China; Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, PR China
| | - Yongzhi Lun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, PR China
| | - Shang He
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, PR China
| | - Zheng He
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Baoming Li
- Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, PR China.
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.
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27
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Effects of VEGFR1 + hematopoietic progenitor cells on pre-metastatic niche formation and in vivo metastasis of breast cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:411-427. [PMID: 30483898 PMCID: PMC6373264 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pre-metastatic niche has been shown to play a critical role in tumor metastasis, and its formation is closely related to the tumor microenvironment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we successfully established a mouse model of lung metastasis using luciferase-expressing MDA-MB-435s cells. In this model, recruitment of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1)+CD133+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) was gradually increased in lung but gradually decreased after the formation of tumor colonies in lung. We also established a highly metastatic MDA-MB-435s (MDA-MB-435s-HM) cell line from the mouse model. Changes in protein profiles in different culture conditions were investigated by protein microarray analysis. The levels of CXC chemokine ligand 16, interleukin (IL)-2Rα, IL-2Rγ, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α, stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin were significantly greater (> fivefold) in the culture medium from MDA-MB-435s-HM cells than in that from MDA-MB-435s cells. Moreover, the levels of MMP-9, PDGFR-α, and PECAM-1 were significantly greater in the co-culture medium of MDA-MB-435s-HM cells and CD133+ HPCs than in that from MDA-MB-435s-HM cells. Differentially expressed proteins were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and expression of their transcripts was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, inhibition of MMP-9, PDGFR-α, and PECAM-1 by their specific inhibitors or antibodies significantly decreased cell migration, delayed lung metastasis, and decreased recruitment of VEGFR1+CD133+ HPCs into lung. Intra-hepatic growth of HPCs enhanced the invasive growth of MDA-MB-435s-HM cells in the liver. Our data indicate that VEGFR1+CD133+ HPCs contribute to lung metastasis.
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