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Hosseini M, Lotfi‐Shahreza M, Nikpour P. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression through machine learning identifies stomach cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:714-726. [PMID: 36779430 PMCID: PMC9983314 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an early event in tumorigenesis. Here, by integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression and utilizing machine learning approaches, we introduced potential diagnostic and prognostic methylation signatures for stomach cancer. Differentially-methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) data. A total of 256 DMPs consisting of 140 and 116 hyper- and hypomethylated positions were identified between 443 tumour and 27 nontumour STAD samples. Gene expression analysis revealed a total of 2821 DEGs with 1247 upregulated and 1574 downregulated genes. By analysing the impact of cis and trans regulation of methylation on gene expression, a dominant negative correlation between methylation and expression was observed, while for trans regulation, in hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes, there was mainly a negative and positive correlation with gene expression, respectively. To find diagnostic biomarkers, we used 28 hypermethylated probes locating in the promoter of 27 downregulated genes. By implementing a feature selection approach, eight probes were selected and then used to build a support vector machine diagnostic model, which had an area under the curve of 0.99 and 0.97 in the training and validation (GSE30601 with 203 tumour and 94 nontumour samples) cohorts, respectively. Using 412 TCGA-STAD samples with both methylation and clinical data, we also identified four prognostic probes by implementing univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. In summary, our study introduced potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for STAD, which demands further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Comprehensive Analysis of GDF10 Methylation Site-Associated Genes as Prognostic Markers for Endometrial Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7117083. [PMID: 36262352 PMCID: PMC9576415 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7117083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-10 (GDF10) with its methylation trait has recently been found to play a crucial regulatory and communication role in cancers. This investigation aims to identify GDF10 methylation site-associated genes that are closely associated with endometrial cancer (EC) patients' survival based on normal and UCEC samples from the UCSC Xena database. Our study revealed for the first time that EC exhibited significantly higher levels of GDF10 promoter methylation in comparison with normal tissues. Multiple differentiated methylation sites, which have prognostic value due to their apparent survival differences, were found in the GDF10 promoter region. We performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) on EC tissues and paraneoplastic tissues while using these differentially methylated sites as phenotypes for selecting the most correlated key modules and their internal genes. To obtain a gene set, the key module genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of EC were intersected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression along with multivariate Cox regression were performed from the gene set and we screened out the key genes B4GALNT3, DNAJC22, and GREB1. Finally, a prognostic model was validated for effectiveness based on these genes. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were applied to assess and verify the model, and they showed good prognosis prediction. Moreover, the differences in risk scores were statistically significant with age, tumor stage, and grade. They may be related to the immune infiltration of tumors as well. In conclusion, based on the methylation-related genes associated with GDF10, we developed a prognosis model for EC patients. It might provide a fresh view for further research and treatment of EC.
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Shah S, Iqbal Z, Alharbi MG, Kalra HS, Suri M, Soni N, Okpaleke N, Yadav S, Hamid P. Vitamin D and Gastric Cancer: A Ray of Sunshine? Cureus 2021; 13:e18275. [PMID: 34722053 PMCID: PMC8545571 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, currently ranking third among cancers leading to death worldwide. Despite the recent advancements in GC research, it is most often diagnosed during the terminal stages and with limited treatment modalities contributing to its poor prognosis and a lower survival rate. Much research has provided conflicting results between a vitamin D deficient status and the development of GC. Vitamin D is a well-known and essential hormone classically known to regulate calcium and phosphate absorption, enabling adequate mineralization of the skeletal system. However, the function of vitamin D is multidimensional. It possesses unique roles, including acting as antioxidants or immunomodulators while crossing the cell membrane, performing several intracellular functions, participating in gene regulation, and controlling the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, including those of GC. In light of this, it is imperative to analyze the causes of GC, review the factors that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of treatments, and discover the tools to determine prognosis, reduce mortality, and prevent GC development. In this review, we have summarized recent investigations on multiple associations between vitamin D and GC, emphasizing genetic associations, vitamin D receptors, and the prevalence of hormone deficiency in those developing this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Shah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Emergency Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammed G Alharbi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Harjeevan S Kalra
- Internal Medicine/Emergency Medicine/Oncology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Megha Suri
- Pediatrics/Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nitin Soni
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nkiruka Okpaleke
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shikha Yadav
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pousette Hamid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Li Q, Li Y, Jiang H, Xiao Z, Wu X, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Wu Z, Li J, Hu W, Cho CH, Shen J, Li M. Vitamin D suppressed gastric cancer cell growth through downregulating CD44 expression in vitro and in vivo. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111413. [PMID: 34450383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency was found to be associated with increased risk for gastric cancer (GC). We previously found that vitamin D inhibited GC cell growth in vitro. However, the in vivo antitumor effect of vitamin D in GC as well as the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of vitamin D on GC both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Human GC cells MKN45, MKN28, and KATO III were used. The expressions of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CD44 were downregulated by using predesigned siRNA molecules. Cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Soft agar assay was used for colony formation of GC cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess CD44-positive cell population. CD44high cancer cells were enriched by using anti-CD44-conjugated magnetic microbeads. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to detect gene and protein expressions, respectively. Clinical samples were collected for evaluation of the correlation of VDR and CD44 expression. Orthotopic tumor-bearing mice were established to evaluate the antitumor effect of vitamin D. RESULTS The results showed that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, had a remarkable inhibitory effect in CD44-expressing human GC MKN45 and KATO III cells, but not in CD44-null MKN28 cells. The gene expressions of CD44 and VDR in GC cell lines and GC patient tissues were positively correlated. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed MKN45 and KATO III cell growth through VDR-induced suppression of CD44. Additionally, we demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which might lead to the downregulation of CD44. In an orthotopic GC nude mice model, both oral intake of vitamin D and intraperitoneal injection with 1,25(OH)2D3 could significantly inhibit orthotopic GC growth and CD44 expression in vivo. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study provided the first evidence that vitamin D suppressed GC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo through downregulating CD44. The present study sheds light on repurposing vitamin D as a potential therapeutic agent for GC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxiu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Houxiang Jiang
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wanna Medical College), Anhui, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan, China.
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Zhao Y, Lu C, Wang H, Lin Q, Cai L, Meng F, Tesfaye EB, Lai HC, Tzeng CM. Identification of hsa-miR-1275 as a Novel Biomarker Targeting MECP2 for Human Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:398-410. [PMID: 33251277 PMCID: PMC7677659 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy affects around 70 million people worldwide, with a 65% rate of unknown etiology. This rate is known as epilepsy of unknown etiology (EUE). Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is recognized to contribute to mental disorders, including epilepsy. However, miRNA dysregulation is poorly understood in EUE. Here, we conducted miRNA expression profiling of EUE by microarray technology and identified 57 pathogenic changed miRNAs with significance. The data and bioinformatic analysis results indicated that among these miRNAs, hsa-microRNA (miR)-1275 was highly associated with neurological disorders. Subsequently, new samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for validation of hsa-miR-1275 expression by TaqMan assays. Results show that hsa-miR-1275 in serums of EUE were increased significantly, but in cerebrospinal fluid, the miRNA was decreased. Moreover, the MECP2 gene was selected as a hsa-miR-1275 target based on target prediction tools and gene ontology analysis. Validation of in vitro tests proved that MECP2 expression was specifically inhibited by hsa-miR-1275. Additionally, overexpression of hsa-miR-1275 can elevate expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and promote cell apoptosis. Taken together, hsa-miR-1275 might represent a novel biomarker targeting MECP2 for human EUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.,Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Congxia Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Enque Biniam Tesfaye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China
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