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Begum M, Saikia R, Saikia SP. Triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mediated evaluation of vitamin D 2 accumulation potential, antioxidant capacities, and total polyphenol content of white jelly mushroom ( Tremella fuciformis Berk.). Mycologia 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38489159 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2313435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Tremella fuciformis Berk. (TF), or the white jelly mushroom, is well known for its myriad of pharmacological properties, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, and antioxidant activities, and hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects that boost human health. Most of the studies of TF are concentrated on its polysaccharide (glucuronoxylomannan) composition, which is responsible for its pharmacological as well as rheological properties. It is well established that mushrooms are a great source of dietary vitamin D due to the presence of ergosterol in their cell membrane. There is a lack of published data on TF as a source of vitamin D2. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D2 composition of the fruiting bodies of TF using triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/QQQ). The results showed highest vitamin D2 content (292.02 µg/g dry weight) in the sample irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB; 310 nm) for 180 min as compared with the control group (52.47 µg/g dry weight) (P ≤ 0.001). The results showed higher accumulation potential of vitamin D2 in TF as compared with published data available for other extensively studied culinary mushrooms, such as Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Cordiceps militaris, and Calocybe indica. Moreover, the impact of UV treatment on antioxidant capacities and total polyphenol content of TF was also studied. The accumulation potential of vitamin D in TF reveals a novel commercial source for this nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marium Begum
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratul Saikia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
| | - Siddhartha Proteem Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Biasucci G, Donini V, Cannalire G. Rickets Types and Treatment with Vitamin D and Analogues. Nutrients 2024; 16:416. [PMID: 38337700 PMCID: PMC10857029 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The definition of "Vitamin D" encompasses a group of fat-soluble steroid compounds of different origins with similar chemical structures and the same biological effects. Vitamin D deficiency and/or a defect in the process of its synthesis or transport predispose individuals to several types of rickets. In addition to cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, and vitamins D3 and D2, there are also active metabolites for the treatment of this condition which are commercially available. Calcitriol and aphacalcidiol are active metabolites that do not require the renal activation step, which is required with calcifediol, or hepatic activation. The purpose of this review is to summarize current approaches to the treatment of rickets for generalist physicians, focusing on the best vitamin D form to be used in each type, or, in the case of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), on both conventional and innovative monoclonal antibody treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Biasucci
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, University of Parma, Gugliemo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Donini
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Cannalire
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, University of Parma, Gugliemo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
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van den Heuvel EG, Lips P, Schoonmade LJ, Lanham-New SA, van Schoor NM. Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (Total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and Importance of Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100133. [PMID: 37865222 PMCID: PMC10831883 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two previous meta-analyses showed smaller differences between vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and a consistently high heterogeneity when only including daily dosing studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare more frequently dosed vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 in improving total 25(OH)D and determine the concomitant effect of response modifiers on heterogeneity, and secondly, to compare the vitamin D2-associated change in 25(OH)D2 with the vitamin D3-associated change in 25(OH)D3. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and the Web of Science Core collection were searched for randomized controlled trials of vitamin D2 compared with vitamin D3, daily or once/twice weekly dosed. After screening for eligibility, relevant data were extracted for meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference when different methods of 25(OH)D analyses were used. Otherwise, the weighted mean difference (WMD) was determined. RESULTS Overall, the results based on 20 comparative studies showed vitamin D3 to be superior to vitamin D2 in raising total 25(OH)D concentrations, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had a similar positive impact on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. The WMD in change in total 25(OH)D based on 12 daily dosed vitamin D2-vitamin D3 comparisons, analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was 10.39 nmol/L (40%) lower for the vitamin D2 group compared with the vitamin D3 group (95% confidence interval: -14.62, -6.16; I2 = 64%; P < 00001). Body mass index (BMI) appeared to be the strongest response modifier, reducing heterogeneity to 0% in both subgroups. The vitamin D2- and vitamin D3-induced change in total 25(OH)D lost significance predominantly in subjects with a BMI >25 kg/m2 (P = 0.99). However, information on BMI was only available in 13/17 daily dosed comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D3 leads to a greater increase of 25(OH)D than vitamin D2, even if limited to daily dose studies, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had similar positive impacts on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. Next to baseline 25(OH)D concentration, BMI should be considered when comparing the effect of daily vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation on total 25(OH)D concentration. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021272674.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Lips
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine section, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda J Schoonmade
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Library, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan A Lanham-New
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, University of Surrey, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences, United Kingdom.
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sist M, Zou L, Galloway SDR, Rodriguez-Sanchez N. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on maximal strength and power in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1163313. [PMID: 37841405 PMCID: PMC10570740 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1163313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is thought to be a powerful modulator of skeletal muscle physiology. However, available data on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function in athletes are limited and with mixed results. This meta-analysis therefore, aimed to quantitatively summarize the up-to-date literature assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and power in athletes. Methods Sport Discus, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used one-repetition maximum (1RM) tests to assess maximal strength, and vertical jump to assess muscle power in athletes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate the included RCTs for sources of bias. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used as the effect size, interpreted together with its 95% confidence intervals (CI). The effect sizes were calculated on the changes from baseline between vitamin D and placebo groups for maximal strength results by upper body and lower body, and for power results. Results Eleven RCTs involving 436 athletes were included. The results indicated that if baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration was < 75 nmol/L, the treatment had a small effect on upper body muscle strength [SMD 0.25, 95% CI: (-0.44, 0.95), p = 0.47] and on lower body muscle strength [SMD 0.26, 95% CI: (-0.13, 0.65), p = 0.19]; if the baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration was ≥ 75 nmol/L, the treatment had a trivial effect on muscle power [SMD 0.15, 95% CI: (-0.42, 0.72), p = 0.61]. Discussion This meta-analysis demonstrated that there is not a statistically significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on improving maximum strength and power, but highlights that further research is required addressing the key limitations in previous studies before definitive conclusions can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sist
- Faculty of Health Science and Sport, Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Zou
- AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart D. R. Galloway
- Faculty of Health Science and Sport, Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Nidia Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Health Science and Sport, Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Cochrane KM, Bone JN, Williams BA, Karakochuk CD. Optimizing vitamin D status in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad117. [PMID: 37769789 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Vitamin D supplementation is a promising complementary therapy for PCOS, yet there is no consensus on an optimal dose, leading to a lack of evidence-based supplementation guidelines. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct a vitamin D dose-response meta-analysis among women with PCOS. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from inception to November 2022 were searched for relevant articles. DATA EXTRACTION Study screening and bias assessment were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Eight relevant studies were identified; data for serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) at baseline and at 12 weeks in each intervention group (mean ± SD) and vitamin D dose were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS Estimates across studies were used to create a pooled curve, using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of the distribution of doses, to estimate the mean difference in effect for serum 25(OH)D at each dose compared with 0 IU/day. Sensitivity analyses were conducted fixing knots at 4000 IU/day and 7000 IU/day, which were a priori identified as potentially important thresholds, and to assess model fit and estimate heterogeneity. The pooled analysis demonstrated strong evidence of a dose-response relationship (P < .001), suggesting an increasing effect with increasing dose. An initial increase in serum 25(OH)D was evident until doses of approximately 3000 IU/day; this was followed by a plateau in effect between approximately 3000 IU/day and 5000 IU/day. The effect of supplementation with >5000 IU/day was unclear, given the minimal data at higher doses. The curve produced robust results for moderate doses (3000 IU/day to 4000 IU/day), which were not sensitive to model specification. CONCLUSION Women with PCOS are responsive to vitamin D supplementation, but the benefit of providing doses of >3000 IU/day appears minimal. Further data is required to determine dose-response at doses of >5000 IU/day, and whether higher intakes provide a clinically meaningful advantage in this population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021259396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Cochrane
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brock A Williams
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Levita J, Wilar G, Wahyuni I, Bawono LC, Ramadaini T, Rohani R, Diantini A. Clinical Toxicology of Vitamin D in Pediatrics: A Review and Case Reports. Toxics 2023; 11:642. [PMID: 37505607 PMCID: PMC10385357 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication of vitamin D is not a common case in pediatrics. Vitamin D supplements are sold as OTC drugs; however, there is a lack of public education about the permissible limits of vitamin D intake which may lead to vitamin D toxicity (VDT). This review aims to give insights to readers or practitioners about the clinical toxicology of vitamin D in pediatrics, which includes the mechanism of VDT, case reports, and the management of vitamin D poisoning. VDT refers to serum 25(OH)D levels, particularly when the level exceeds 100 ng/mL (250 nmol/L) or is defined as hypervitaminosis D. Hypercalcemia is a common condition of vitamin D toxicity. Vitamin D and its metabolites in moderate levels can induce hypercalcemia, as indicated by the elevation of osteoclastic bone resorption, the presence of calcium in renal tubules, intestinal calcium intake (through increased production of calcium-binding protein in enterocytes), and the decrease of parathyroid hormone synthesis. VDT in pediatrics can be managed by discontinuing vitamin D intake; using activated charcoal, furosemide, prednisone, and calcitonin; rehydration using intravenous sodium chloride 0.9%; and dextrose fluid therapy. It is important for parents to be more careful when providing vitamin D to their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Gofarana Wilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ika Wahyuni
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Lidya Cahyo Bawono
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Ramadaini
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rohani Rohani
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ajeng Diantini
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Dosi MCM, Riggs CM, May J, Lee A, Cillan-Garcia E, Pagan J, McGorum BC. Thoroughbred Racehorses in Hong Kong Require Vitamin D Supplementation to Mitigate the Risk of Low Vitamin D Status. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2145. [PMID: 37443942 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of data relating to the vitamin D status of racehorses. We hypothesised that the management of racehorses in Hong Kong (HK) predisposes to low vitamin D status unless they receive dietary supplementation. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25OHD2), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (total 25OHD) for 79 non-grazing HK racehorses were compared with those for 22 racehorses training in the United Kingdom (UK) that grazed for ≥1 h/d, and for which published data exists. A nested group of 41 HK horses was sampled twice to determine the effect of the duration in HK on vitamin D status. The HK horses had significantly lower serum concentrations of total 25OHD and 25OHD2 than the UK horses; 25OHD2 was undetectable in 15/79 HK sera and serum concentrations of 25OHD2 declined with the duration in HK. The main determinants of vitamin D status were assessed using linear regression; the retained variables were the 25OHD3 concentration and the duration in HK. The inverse relationship between the serum concentrations of 25OHD2 and 25OHD3, previously identified in humans, was observed for the first time in horses. In conclusion, HK racehorses have low serum 25OHD2 and total 25OHD concentrations and rely on D3 supplementation to maintain adequate vitamin D status. Further study is required to determine the optimal form of dietary vitamin D supplementation for Thoroughbred racehorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C M Dosi
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Chris M Riggs
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Equine Welfare Research Foundation, Sha Tin Racecourse, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jessica May
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Equine Welfare Research Foundation, Sha Tin Racecourse, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adele Lee
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Equine Welfare Research Foundation, Sha Tin Racecourse, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eugenio Cillan-Garcia
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Joe Pagan
- Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY 40383, USA
| | - Bruce C McGorum
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
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Flores-Aldana M, Rivera-Pasquel M, García-Guerra A, Pérez-Cortés JG, Bárcena-Echegollén JE. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on (25(OH)D) Status in Children 12-30 Months of Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:2756. [PMID: 37375660 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) affects 27.3% of preschool children in Mexico. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation at different doses on serum 25(OH)D concentrations in preschool children. In a randomized control trial, 222 children 12-30 months old were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) 400 IU/day (n = 56); (2) Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) 800 IU/day (n = 55); (3) Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) 1000 IU/day (n = 56); or (4) multiple micronutrients (MM) non-VD (n = 55). Supplements were given five days/wk for three months. Serum 25(OH)D was measured at baseline and after three months. At baseline, mean serum 25(OH)D was 58.9 ± 12.6 nmol/L and 23.4% were VD-deficient. There was a statistically significant increase in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D (range across groups: +8.2 to +17.3 nmol/L). Additionally, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased after three months: for D2 400 IU, -9.0%; for D2 800 IU, -11.0%; for D3 1000 IU, -18.0%; and for MM non-VD, -2.8% (p < 0.05). No adverse effects were observed. VD supplementation for three months was effective for increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations and for reducing VD deficiency in preschool children. The highest efficacy was observed by giving 1000 IU D3/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Flores-Aldana
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Marta Rivera-Pasquel
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Armando García-Guerra
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Jesús Giovanni Pérez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Alimentaria, S.C. Comonfort No. 7, Colonia Centro, Cuernavaca 62000, Mexico
| | - Juan E Bárcena-Echegollén
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
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Ciardullo S, Muraca E, Cannistraci R, Perra S, Lattuada G, Perseghin G. Low 25 (OH) vitamin D levels are associated with increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and significant liver fibrosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023:e3628. [PMID: 36815587 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Evidence on the role of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the occurrence and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is conflicting and population-based data are scarce. Here, we assess the association between 25(OH)D levels, NAFLD and liver fibrosis in the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an analysis of data from the 2017-2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We included adult participants with available data on vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and without viral hepatitis and significant alcohol consumption. Steatosis and fibrosis were diagnosed by the median values of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively. 25(OH)D was measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 3970 participants (1928 men and 2042 women) were included in the study. The prevalence of NAFLD (CAP ≥ 274 dB/m) and significant liver fibrosis (LSM ≥ 8 kPa) were 41.7% (95% CI 39.4-44.0) and 8.4% (95% CI 7.0-9.9), respectively, while 21.1% (95% CI 17.3-25.4) of participants had low 25(OH)D levels (<50 nmol/L). A multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, body mass index, waist circumference, calendar period, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and vitamin D supplementation showed that compared with participants with low 25(OH)D, those with optimal levels (≥75 nmol/L) had lower odds of both NAFLD (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.98 p = 0.038) and significant liver fibrosis (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.96, p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS An inverse relationship was found between 25(OH)D and NAFLD and fibrosis, suggesting a possible role of vitamin D in NAFLD occurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciardullo
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuele Muraca
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Rosa Cannistraci
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Perra
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Lattuada
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Sevillano Pires V, Zuklic J, Hryshko J, Hansen P, Boyer M, Wan J, Jackson LS, Sandhu AK, Redan BW. Market Basket Survey of the Micronutrients Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Calcium, and Potassium in Eight Types of Commercial Plant-Based Milk Alternatives from United States Markets. ACS Food Sci Technol 2023; 3:100-112. [PMID: 36712962 PMCID: PMC9881837 DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.2c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We performed a market basket survey of plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) from the US market for vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, and potassium to identify the amount and variability of these micronutrients across various PBMAs. The PBMA types included in this analysis were almond, cashew, coconut, hemp, oat, pea, rice, and soy (n=90 total product units). Analyses for vitamin A (as retinyl palmitate), vitamin D2/D3, and minerals were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively. A majority of PBMA types had significant differences (P<0.05) in the amounts of target micronutrients across brands. The coefficient of variation (%CV) for micronutrient concentrations within one lot of a single brand ranged from 4.1-42.2% for vitamin A, 1.5-44.1% for vitamin D, 1.7%-37.6% for calcium, and 0.7%-39.0% for potassium. The variability of these micronutrients should be taken into account when considering the nutritional value of PBMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Sevillano Pires
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL, 60501 USA
| | - Joseph Zuklic
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL, 60501 USA
| | - Jeanmaire Hryshko
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - Patricia Hansen
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - Marc Boyer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Analytics and Outreach, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - Jason Wan
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL, 60501 USA
| | - Lauren S. Jackson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Safety, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL 60501, USA
| | - Amandeep K. Sandhu
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL, 60501 USA
| | - Benjamin W. Redan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Safety, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL 60501, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: 708-924-0601; Fax: 708-924-0690;
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11
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Pál É, Ungvári Z, Benyó Z, Várbíró S. Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36678205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in vitamin D (VitD), a lipid-soluble vitamin and steroid hormone, affects approximately 24% to 40% of the population of the Western world. In addition to its well-documented effects on the musculoskeletal system, VitD also contributes importantly to the promotion and preservation of cardiovascular health via modulating the immune and inflammatory functions and regulating cell proliferation and migration, endothelial function, renin expression, and extracellular matrix homeostasis. This brief overview focuses on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects of VitD and the cellular, molecular, and functional changes that occur in the circulatory system in VitD deficiency (VDD). It explores the links among VDD and adverse vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Improved understanding of the complex role of VDD in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and vascular cognitive impairment is crucial for all cardiologists, dietitians, and geriatricians, as VDD presents an easy target for intervention.
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12
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Janoušek J, Pilařová V, Macáková K, Nomura A, Veiga-Matos J, Silva DDD, Remião F, Saso L, Malá-Ládová K, Malý J, Nováková L, Mladěnka P. Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:517-554. [PMID: 35575431 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has a well-known role in the calcium homeostasis associated with the maintenance of healthy bones. It increases the efficiency of the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium, reduces calcium losses in urine, and mobilizes calcium stored in the skeleton. However, vitamin D receptors are present ubiquitously in the human body and indeed, vitamin D has a plethora of non-calcemic functions. In contrast to most vitamins, sufficient vitamin D can be synthesized in human skin. However, its production can be markedly decreased due to factors such as clothing, sunscreens, intentional avoidance of the direct sunlight, or the high latitude of the residence. Indeed, more than one billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient, and the deficiency is frequently undiagnosed. The chronic deficiency is not only associated with rickets/osteomalacia/osteoporosis but it is also linked to a higher risk of hypertension, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or cancer. Supplementation of vitamin D may be hence beneficial, but the intake of vitamin D should be under the supervision of health professionals because overdosing leads to intoxication with severe health consequences. For monitoring vitamin D, several analytical methods are employed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janoušek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anderson Nomura
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Veiga-Matos
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kateřina Malá-Ládová
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Malý
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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13
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Sławińska A, Sołowiej BG, Radzki W, Fornal E. Wheat Bread Supplemented with Agaricus bisporus Powder: Effect on Bioactive Substances Content and Technological Quality. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36496594 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of food products with mushroom powder increases their health-promoting value, but at the same time affects technological quality, which often play a key role for consumers. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of adding freeze-dried white and brown button mushrooms (2.5% and 5%) to wheat bread on its health-promoting properties such as antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP), total polyphenols and vitamin D2 content and as well as the technological quality as colour and texture. The breads were supplemented with mushroom lyophilisates, which were exposed to UVB radiation in order to increase their vitamin D2 content. The content of total polyphenols and antioxidant properties were determined spectrophotometrically, and the content of vitamin D2 by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole spectrometer (UHPLC/MS/MS analysis). Colour parameters were determined in the CIE-Lab system and texture profile analysis (TPA) and sensory evaluation of the baked products were performed. The addition of dried mushrooms significantly increased the content of bioactive compounds (total polyphenols, vitamin D2) and the antioxidant properties of bread. A small addition of mushrooms caused a significant change in the basic technological quality of breads (colour parameters, specific volume, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness). At the same time, supplementation with mushroom lyophilisates has a positive effect on most analysed attributes in the nine-point hedonic scale. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that mushroom lyophilisates can be a valuable raw material for the fortification of bread, which is a good matrix and carrier of substances with documented biological activities.
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14
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Liampas I, Bourlios S, Siokas V, Aloizou AM, Dervenis P, Nasios G, Bakirtzis C, Bogdanos DP, Dardiotis E. Vitamin D and tension-type headache: causal association or epiphenomenon? Int J Neurosci 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35924588 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Background-Purpose: Low serum vitamin D (VD) has been already associated with a series of highly prevalent pain-related conditions, including fibromyalgia, migraine and chronic widespread pain. Considering the potential interplay between VD and pain signalling pathways, the association of VD with tension-type headache (TTH) was reviewed.Methods: A multifaceted narrative approach assessing the relationship of serum VD with TTH and TTH parameters, as well as the efficacy of VD supplementation for the prevention of TTH, was fostered. MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE were comprehensively searched for this purpose, while Google Scholar was also explored according to a structured approach. ClinicalTrials.gov and European Union Clinical Trials Register were explored for ongoing prevention trials.Results: Although available evidence was suggestive of an association between VD and TTH, mainly of the chronic type, the causal nature of the association remains to be determined. Considering the lack of longitudinal evidence, this relationship could arguably reflect behavioural patterns of headache sufferers. On the other hand, evidence principally originated from tertiary clinical settings (severe comorbidity burden) and researchers tend to report a concomitant association of both entities with generalized musculoskeletal compromise. In this context, the association between TTH and VD may represent nothing more than a secondary by-product of the simultaneous relationship of other comorbid diseases-conditions with both TTH and low serum VD. Regarding its efficacious properties, only one ongoing trial specifically designed to explore the efficacy of VD in chronic TTH in adults was retrieved.Conclusions: There is no evidenced based indication for VD supplementation in TTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Grigorios Nasios
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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15
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Indhavivadhana S, Boonyachan W, Rattanachaiyanont M, Wongwananuruk T, Techatraisak K, Sa-Nga-Areekul N. Effectiveness of vitamin D2 supplementation on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and other metabolic indices in menopausal Thai women: a randomized-controlled trial. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:83-89. [PMID: 34704877 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1988560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of vitamin D2 supplementation with ergocalciferol on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and other cardio-metabolic indices in menopausal Thai women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the menopause clinic of a university hospital in Thailand from May 2017 to 2018. Participants were 80 postmenopausal women randomly assigned to treatment (N = 40, receiving vitamin D2 40,000 IU/week) or control (N = 40, receiving placebo) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was hsCRP level, and secondary outcomes were cardio-metabolic profiles and 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease using the Framingham risk score. The changes from baseline to week-12 (Δ) of all outcomes were analyzed using a modified intention-to-treat (ITT) population. RESULTS The vitamin D2 (N = 39) and placebo (N = 37) groups were comparable in all baseline characteristics. The hsCRP level was significantly reduced in the vitamin D2 group (Δ of -0.39 ± 1.30 mg/L, p = .024) but not in the placebo group (Δ of -0.15 ± 1.15 mg/L, p = .521). However, the Δ of hsCRP had no statistical difference between groups; neither did the Δ of other cardio-metabolic parameters. CONCLUSION In menopausal Thai women, vitamin D2 supplementation with ergocalciferol 40,000 IU/week for 12 weeks can reduce hsCRP level; and the treatment might be superior to placebo. However, the hsCRP levels after 12 weeks between both groups were not statistically different. Clinical Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20161216001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Indhavivadhana
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawat Boonyachan
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manee Rattanachaiyanont
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyarat Wongwananuruk
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitirat Techatraisak
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutchaya Sa-Nga-Areekul
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Nwosu BU, Parajuli S, Jasmin G, Fleshman J, Sharma RB, Alonso LC, Lee AF, Barton BA. Ergocalciferol in New-onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvab179. [PMID: 34913020 PMCID: PMC8668202 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The effect of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D on the duration of partial clinical remission (PR) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unclear. Objective This work aimed to determine the effect of adjunctive ergocalciferol on residual β-cell function (RBCF) and PR in youth with newly diagnosed T1D who were maintained on a standardized insulin treatment protocol. The hypothesis was that ergocalciferol supplementation increases RBCF and prolongs PR. Methods A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted of 50 000 IU of ergocalciferol per week for 2 months, and then once every 2 weeks for 10 months, vs placebo in 36 individuals aged 10 to 21 years, with T1D of less than 3 months and a stimulated C-peptide (SCP) level greater than or equal to 0.2 nmol/L (≥ 0.6 ng/mL). The ergocalciferol group had 18 randomly assigned participants (10 male/8 female), mean age 13.3 ± 2.8 years, while the control group had 18 participants (14 male/4 female), aged 14.3 ± 2.9 years. Results The ergocalciferol treatment group had statistically significantly higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at 6 months (P = .01) and 9 months (P = .02) than the placebo group. At 12 months, the ergocalciferol group had a statistically significantly lower serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentration (P = .03). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups at each time point from baseline to 12 months for SCP concentration (P = .08), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (P = .09), insulin dose-adjusted A1c (IDAA1c), or total daily dose of insulin. Temporal trends for rising HbA1c (P = .04) and IDAA1c (P = .02) were statistically significantly blunted in the ergocalciferol group. Conclusion Ergocalciferol statistically significantly reduced serum TNF-α concentration and the rates of increase both in A1c and IDAA1c, suggesting a protection of RBCF and PR in youth with newly diagnosed T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Udoka Nwosu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Sadichchha Parajuli
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Gabrielle Jasmin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Jody Fleshman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Austin F Lee
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Bruce A Barton
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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17
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Shah S, Iqbal Z, Alharbi MG, Kalra HS, Suri M, Soni N, Okpaleke N, Yadav S, Hamid P. Vitamin D and Gastric Cancer: A Ray of Sunshine? Cureus 2021; 13:e18275. [PMID: 34722053 PMCID: PMC8545571 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, currently ranking third among cancers leading to death worldwide. Despite the recent advancements in GC research, it is most often diagnosed during the terminal stages and with limited treatment modalities contributing to its poor prognosis and a lower survival rate. Much research has provided conflicting results between a vitamin D deficient status and the development of GC. Vitamin D is a well-known and essential hormone classically known to regulate calcium and phosphate absorption, enabling adequate mineralization of the skeletal system. However, the function of vitamin D is multidimensional. It possesses unique roles, including acting as antioxidants or immunomodulators while crossing the cell membrane, performing several intracellular functions, participating in gene regulation, and controlling the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, including those of GC. In light of this, it is imperative to analyze the causes of GC, review the factors that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of treatments, and discover the tools to determine prognosis, reduce mortality, and prevent GC development. In this review, we have summarized recent investigations on multiple associations between vitamin D and GC, emphasizing genetic associations, vitamin D receptors, and the prevalence of hormone deficiency in those developing this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Shah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Emergency Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammed G Alharbi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Harjeevan S Kalra
- Internal Medicine/Emergency Medicine/Oncology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Megha Suri
- Pediatrics/Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nitin Soni
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nkiruka Okpaleke
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shikha Yadav
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pousette Hamid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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18
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Balachandar R, Pullakhandam R, Kulkarni B, Sachdev HS. Relative Efficacy of Vitamin D 2 and Vitamin D 3 in Improving Vitamin D Status: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103328. [PMID: 34684328 PMCID: PMC8538717 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been documented globally. Commonly used interventions to address this deficiency include supplementation and/or fortification with either ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) or cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), but the relative efficacy of these two vitamers is unclear. The current study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for raising the serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and functional indicators including serum parathyroid (PTH) levels, isometric muscle strength, hand grip strength and bone mineral density. METHODS Randomized and non-randomized controlled studies evaluating relative efficacy of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol were systematically reviewed to synthesize quantitative and qualitative evidence as per the recommendations of according to "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis" guidelines. Search terms were constructed on the basis of the "participants", "intervention", "control", "outcome" and "study type" (PICOS) strategy to systematically search the popular electronic databases. Relevant data from studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed. Meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the influence of study-level characteristics including intervention dosage, frequency of dosing, interval between the last dose and test for outcome assessment, participant characteristics and analytical methods. RESULTS Apparently healthy human participants (n = 1277) from 24 studies were included for meta-analysis. The quantitative analysis suggested higher efficacy of cholecalciferol than ergocalciferol in improving total 25(OH)D (mean difference: 15.69, 95%CI: 9.46 to 21.93 nmol/L) and reducing PTH levels, consistently across variable participant demographics, dosage and vehicle of supplementation. Meta-regression suggested smaller differences in the efficacy of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol at lower doses. Average daily dose was the single significant predictor of effect size, as revealed by multivariate meta-regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Compared to ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol intervention was more efficacious in improving vitamin D status (serum levels of total 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D3) and regulating PTH levels, irrespective of the participant demographics, dosage and vehicle of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Balachandar
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad 380016, India;
| | | | - Bharati Kulkarni
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Wakeman M. A Literature Review of the Potential Impact of Medication on Vitamin D Status. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3357-3381. [PMID: 34421316 PMCID: PMC8373308 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s316897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in media coverage of the putative actions of vitamin D as well as the possible health benefits that supplementation might deliver. However, the potential effect that medications may have on the vitamin D status is rarely taken into consideration. This literature review was undertaken to assess the degree to which vitamin D status may be affected by medication. Electronic databases were searched to identify literature relating to this subject, and study characteristics and conclusions were scrutinized for evidence of potential associations. The following groups of drugs were identified in one or more studies to affect vitamin D status in some way: anti-epileptics, laxatives, metformin, loop diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, statins, calcium channel blockers, antagonists of vitamin K, platelet aggregation inhibitors, digoxin, potassium-sparing diuretics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, proton pump inhibitors, histamine H2-receptor antagonists, bile acid sequestrants, corticosteroids, antimicrobials, sulphonamides and urea derivatives, lipase inhibitors, hydroxychloroquine, highly active antiretroviral agents, and certain chemotherapeutic agents. Given that the quality of the data is heterogeneous, newer, more robustly designed studies are required to better define likely interactions between vitamin D and medications. This is especially so for cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme (CYP3A4)-metabolized medications. Nevertheless, this review suggests that providers of health care ought to be alert to the potential of vitamin D depletions induced by medications, especially in elderly people exposed to multiple-drug therapy, and to provide supplementation if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wakeman
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR1 3SD, UK
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20
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Nata N, Siricheepchaiyan W, Supasyndh O, Satirapoj B. Efficacy of high versus conventional dose of ergocalciferol supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and interleukin-6 levels among hemodialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency: A multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 26:378-386. [PMID: 34378863 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-term dialysis involves a chronic inflammatory state and produces a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. A clinical trial was conducted in hemodialysis with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level <30 ng/ml. The conventional-group (N = 35) and the high-dose group (N = 35) were treated with ergocalciferol according to the K/DOQI guidelines and double dosage of ergocalciferol from the recommendation for 8 weeks, respectively. The main outcomes were measured by serum 25[OH]D and interleukin-6 (IL-6). At the end of 8 weeks, a statistically significant greater increase was observed of mean serum 25[OH]D levels and a decrease of mean parathyroid hormone levels in the high-dose group compared with the conventional-dose group. The high dose group had the higher achievement of vitamin D sufficiency than the conventional-dose group (97.4% vs. 76.4%, p = 0.012). No significant difference was found in mean changes of serum IL-6 level in both groups, except subgroup patients with vitamin D deficiency or serum 25[OH]D <20 ng/ml, high dose treatment suppressed serum IL-6 level (-2.67 pg/ml [IQR -6.56 to -0.17], p = 0.039). No differences were observed between the two groups in adverse events. Oral high-dose ergocalciferol supplementation has achieved higher vitamin D sufficiency than standard dose in end stage renal disease patients on dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naowanit Nata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wittaya Siricheepchaiyan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ouppatham Supasyndh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bancha Satirapoj
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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Fonseca Santos RK, Santos CB, Reis AR, Brandão-Lima PN, de Carvalho GB, Martini LA, Pires LV. Role of food fortification with vitamin D and calcium in the bone remodeling process in postmenopausal women: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:826-837. [PMID: 34368851 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Foods containing vitamin D reduce the deficiency of this vitamin and improve bone turnover. OBJECTIVE To discuss effects of the intake of vitamin D-fortified foods in isolated form or associated with calcium on bone remodeling in postmenopausal women. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus, and Bireme databases. OpenThesis and Google Scholar were searched as "grey literature". Medical subject headings or similar terms related to food fortified with vitamin D and bone in postmenopausal women were used. DATA EXTRACTION Information was collected on study methodology and characteristics of studied populations; dosage; the food matrix used as the fortification vehicle; duration of intervention; dietary intake; 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels; serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations; bone resorption and/or formation markers (ie, carboxy terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX], tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b [TRAP5b], and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP]); main results; and study limitations. DATA ANALYSIS Five randomized controlled trials involving postmenopausal women were included. The mean ages of participants ranged from 56.1 to 86.9 years. Daily consumption of soft plain cheese fortified with 2.5 µg of vitamin D3 and 302 mg of calcium for 4 weeks resulted in a mean increase of 0.8 ng/mL in 25(OH)D and 15.9 ng/mL in P1NP levels compared with baseline, and decreased CTX, TRAP5b, and PTH values. A similar intervention for 6 weeks, using fortified cheese, showed a reduction only in TRAP5b values (-0.64 U/L). Yogurt fortified with 10 µg of vitamin D3 and 800 mg of calcium did not change P1NP values after 8 weeks of intervention, but was associated with decreases of 0.0286 ng/mL and 1.06 U/L in PTH and TRAP5b, respectively. After 12 weeks of eating the fortified yogurt, 25(OH)D levels increased by a mean of 8.8 ng/mL and PTH levels decreased in by a mean of 0.0167 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS The interventions contributed toward the improvement of the bone resorption process but not to the bone formation process in postmenopausal women. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019131976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramara Kadija Fonseca Santos
- R.K. Fonseca Santos, C.B. Santos, A.R. Reis, G.B. de Carvalho, and L.V. Pires are with the Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil. P.N. Brandão-Lima is with the Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. L.A. Martini is with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Batista Santos
- R.K. Fonseca Santos, C.B. Santos, A.R. Reis, G.B. de Carvalho, and L.V. Pires are with the Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil. P.N. Brandão-Lima is with the Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. L.A. Martini is with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Rocha Reis
- R.K. Fonseca Santos, C.B. Santos, A.R. Reis, G.B. de Carvalho, and L.V. Pires are with the Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil. P.N. Brandão-Lima is with the Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. L.A. Martini is with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Nascimento Brandão-Lima
- R.K. Fonseca Santos, C.B. Santos, A.R. Reis, G.B. de Carvalho, and L.V. Pires are with the Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil. P.N. Brandão-Lima is with the Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. L.A. Martini is with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabrielli Barbosa de Carvalho
- R.K. Fonseca Santos, C.B. Santos, A.R. Reis, G.B. de Carvalho, and L.V. Pires are with the Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil. P.N. Brandão-Lima is with the Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. L.A. Martini is with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Araújo Martini
- R.K. Fonseca Santos, C.B. Santos, A.R. Reis, G.B. de Carvalho, and L.V. Pires are with the Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil. P.N. Brandão-Lima is with the Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. L.A. Martini is with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliane Viana Pires
- R.K. Fonseca Santos, C.B. Santos, A.R. Reis, G.B. de Carvalho, and L.V. Pires are with the Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil. P.N. Brandão-Lima is with the Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. L.A. Martini is with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Ruggiero CE, Backus RC. Effects of Vitamin D 2 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 Supplementation on Plasma Vitamin D Epimeric Metabolites in Adult Cats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:654629. [PMID: 34164449 PMCID: PMC8215352 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.654629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline vitamin D status is based on dietary consumption but metabolism of this essential nutrient and the efficacy of supplementation forms are poorly described in cats. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the metabolites of vitamin D2 in cats and to compare the effectiveness of vitamin D2 and 25(OH)D2 for increasing feline vitamin D status. Eight adult male castrated domestic shorthair cats received vitamin D2 or 25(OH)D2 in a single crossover design. Vitamin D2 was dosed daily in a molar equivalent dosage to vitamin D3 ingested in the diet while 25(OH)D2 was provided at a daily dose of 20% molar equivalent intake of dietary vitamin D3 based on its expected higher potency. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D epimers were evaluated at baseline then every 2 weeks for a total of 10 weeks. Analysis of multiple vitamin D metabolite concentrations was completed at the end of each supplementation period, followed by a washout period preceding the second phase of the crossover trial. Results showed that supplementation with 25(OH)D2 more effectively and rapidly raised circulating 25(OH)D2 levels in cat plasma compared to vitamin D2. Formation of C-3 epimers of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 24,25R(OH)2D3, but not 24,25(OH)2D2, were observed in feline plasma. The abundant concentrations of epimeric forms of vitamin D metabolites found in circulation suggest that these metabolites should be considered during vitamin D analyses in cats. Further studies using 25(OH)D and vitamin D2 forms are needed to conclude safety and efficacy of these vitamers for supplementation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Ruggiero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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23
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Sánchez-Zuno GA, González-Estevez G, Matuz-Flores MG, Macedo-Ojeda G, Hernández-Bello J, Mora-Mora JC, Pérez-Guerrero EE, García-Chagollán M, Vega-Magaña N, Turrubiates-Hernández FJ, Machado-Sulbaran AC, Muñoz-Valle JF. Vitamin D Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients from Western Mexico: Clinical Correlation and Effect of Its Supplementation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2378. [PMID: 34071293 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are known to be beneficial in viral infections; it is also known that its deficiency is associated with a prognosis more critical of Coronavirus Disease 2019. This study aimed to determine baseline vitamin D serum concentrations and the effects of its supplementation in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 outpatients. Methods: 42 outpatients were included, 22 of which received a supplement of 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 for 14 days; the remaining 20 outpatients were designated as a control group. Serum levels of transferrin, ferritin, vitamin D, and D-dimer were measured at baseline in both groups. After 14 days, serum levels of total vitamin D were determined in the supplemented group. Results: At baseline, only 19% of infected outpatients had vitamin D levels corresponding to sufficiency. All outpatients with vitamin D insufficiency had at least one symptom associated with the disease, while only 75% of patients with symptoms presented sufficiency. On the seventh and fourteenth day of follow-up, the supplemented group presented fewer symptoms with respect to those non-supplemented. A vitamin D3 dose of 10,000 IU/daily for 14 days was sufficient to raise vitamin D serum concentrations. Conclusions: Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D appear to be linked to the development of symptoms in positive outpatients. Vitamin D supplementation could have significant benefits in the Western Mexican population.
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24
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Dey DK, Chang SN, Gu JY, Kim KM, Lee JJ, Kim TH, Kang SC. Ultraviolet B-irradiated mushroom supplementation increased the Ca ++ uptake and ameliorated the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in zebrafish larvae. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13742. [PMID: 33931887 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The harmful effects of excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure are well known. However, moderate exposure to UV radiation is beneficial and required for active vitamin D synthesis in our body. People living in the coldest regions on the earth are unable to expose their skin to the solar UV radiation and, therefore, additional supplementation of Vitamin D2 is recommended. Mushrooms are one such consumable macrofungi, which has high vitamin content and therefore used in various traditional medicines. Particularly, UVB-irradiated mushrooms are rich in active vitamin D content and that is why recommended to include in the daily diets for the patients suffering from the problems associated with bone mineralization. In the present study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of mushroom extract (UVB-ME) (Lentinus edodes) treatment against MG-63 cells, HepG2 cells, and CCD 841 CoN cells. Furthermore, we elucidated the potential of UVB-ME on Ca++ uptake in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Next, we validated the response of Ca++ uptake on the growth and development of zebrafish larvae. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of UVB-ME treatment against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response was also analyzed in vivo. Collectively, the study suggested that dietary supplementation of UVB-irradiated mushroom is beneficial for bone calcification and could modulate the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Ye Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Hee Kim
- Naturetech Co. Ltd., Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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25
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Bilani N, Elson L, Szuchan C, Elimimian E, Saleh M, Nahleh Z. Newly-identified Pathways Relating Vitamin D to Carcinogenesis: A Review. In Vivo 2021; 35:1345-1354. [PMID: 33910812 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological relationship between vitamin D levels and cancer has been thoroughly investigated. Published data from large studies appear to corroborate a significant relationship between higher serum vitamin D concentrations and improved survival. Mechanistic reviews on commonly-studied cancers - including breast cancer, colon cancer and melanoma - focus predominantly on data from older studies. In outlining avenues for future research, we believe there is utility in summarizing novel findings introduced to the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this narrative review, we used MEDLINE, PUBMED and Cochrane databases to identify mechanistic studies published from January 1, 2015 onwards exploring this topic. RESULTS Twenty-five mechanistic studies were included in this review. It was found that vitamin D plays a critical role in both direct (i.e. tumor gene expression, proliferation, invasiveness, sensitivity to chemotherapy etc.) and indirect (i.e. effects on the tumor microenvironment and immunomodulation) tumor suppression mechanisms. CONCLUSION These newly-identified pathways warrant further research, with the hopes that we may understand how and when vitamin D supplementation can be integrated into precision medicine therapeutics for cancers of the breast, colon and skin. Cancer care providers should consider recommendations to screen for vitamin D deficiency in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Bilani
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A.;
| | - Leah Elson
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | - Charles Szuchan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Elimimian
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | | | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
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26
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Srivastava SB. Vitamin D: Do We Need More Than Sunshine? Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:397-401. [PMID: 34366736 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211005689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an astounding amount of conversation and research about vitamin D. It carries many claims, and there is controversy as to what adequate levels should be, how to ensure reaching appropriate serum levels, and what the consequences are of vitamin D insufficiency. This article describes the role of vitamin D, reviews some of the evidence, and provides the current recommendations for vitamin D supplementation, including if a daily walk in the sun is the most appropriate prescription or do we need something more?
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Baxi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, North Chicago, Illinois, and Lake County Health Department, Waukegan, Illinois
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27
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Turrubiates-Hernández FJ, Sánchez-Zuno GA, González-Estevez G, Hernández-Bello J, Macedo-Ojeda G, Muñoz-Valle JF. Potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of severe coronavirus disease 2019: An ally for Latin America (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:32. [PMID: 33537824 PMCID: PMC7891829 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the world is under a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease is characterized by a respiratory syndrome that can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. To date, limited effective therapies are available for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19; therefore, it is necessary to propose novel treatment options with immunomodulatory effects. Vitamin D serves functions in bone health and has been recently reported to exert protective effects against respiratory infections. Observational studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and a poor prognosis of COVID-19; this is alarming as vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. In Latin America, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unknown, and currently, this region is in the top 10 according to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Supplementation with vitamin D may be a useful adjunctive treatment for the prevention of COVID-19 complications. The present review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID-19 and sets out vitamin D recommendations for the Latin American population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Athziri Sánchez-Zuno
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Guillermo González-Estevez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
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28
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Lehner A, Johnson M, Zimmerman A, Zyskowski J, Buchweitz J. Vitamin D analyses in veterinary feeds by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2021; 27:48-62. [PMID: 33722092 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This report examines the feasibility of determination of Vitamin D3, D2 and their 25-hydroxy metabolites utilizing Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) as a potential alternative to popular Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) methodologies. The GC/MS/MS approach was found to operate reasonably well despite long-standing concerns that gas-liquid chromatography of vitamin D compounds invoke thermal rearrangements owing to the relatively high inlet and capillary column temperatures used. The workup procedure involved incubation of feed samples with concentrated potassium hydroxide for overnight fat saponification, extraction of D Vitamins in n-hexane and reaction with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide at 70 °C for 30 mins. In addition to parent compounds, small amounts of pyro-, isopyro-, and iso-vitamin D and isotachysterol3 variants were obtained from each Vitamin D-related compound upon extraction and GC/MS/MS analysis. Mass spectral and chromatographic behavior of these compounds are herein described and interpreted. Multiple Reaction Monitoring settings on GC/MS/MS included m/z 456→351 for Vitamin D3 and m/z 486→363 for Vitamin D2. Trimethylsilylation enabled single predominant peaks for Vitamins D3 and D2, and sample workup in the presence of deuterated Vitamin D analogs enabled accurate and precise sensitivity to 1 ppb (ng/g) in feeds. The method could be extended with reasonable accuracy to 25-hydroxy (25OH) compounds, but accuracies would be significantly improved by inclusion of respective 25OH-specific deuterated internal standards. The method was applied to 27 submissions of suspect dog foods of which 22% were discovered elevated and 44% were discovered to contain toxic levels of Vitamin D3. The described method was thus discovered to provide a suitable mass spectrometric approach for Vitamin D, proving itself here specifically of value in detection of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol in animal feeds. The specificity and sensitivity of the tandem quadrupole approach can enable suitable applicability to serum determination if desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lehner
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Margaret Johnson
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan Zimmerman
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Justin Zyskowski
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John Buchweitz
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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29
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Best CM, Riley DV, Laha TJ, Pflaum H, Zelnick LR, Hsu S, Thummel KE, Foster-Schubert KE, Kuzma JN, Cromer G, Larson I, Hagman DK, Heshelman K, Kratz M, de Boer IH, Hoofnagle AN. Vitamin D in human serum and adipose tissue after supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 113:83-91. [PMID: 33184642 PMCID: PMC7779222 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is an indicator of vitamin D exposure, but it is also influenced by clinical characteristics that affect 25(OH)D production and clearance. Vitamin D is the precursor to 25(OH)D but is analytically challenging to measure in biological specimens. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of vitamins D3 and D2 in serum and to explore the potential of circulating vitamin D as a biomarker of exposure in supplementation trials. METHODS The method was validated using guideline C62-A from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and was applied in 2 pilot clinical trials of oral vitamin D3 supplementation. Pilot study 1 included 22 adults randomly assigned to placebo or 2000 IU/d. Blood was collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Pilot study 2 included 15 adults randomly assigned to 2000 or 4000 IU/d. Blood and subcutaneous (SUBQ) adipose tissue were collected at baseline and 3 mo. RESULTS In study 1, mean change (baseline to 3 mo) in serum vitamin D3 was -0.1 ng/mL in the placebo group and 6.8 ng/mL in the 2000 IU/d group (absolute difference: 6.9; 95% CI: 4.5, 9.3 ng/mL). In study 2, mean change (baseline to 3 mo) in serum vitamin D3 was 10.4 ng/mL in the 2000 IU/d group and 22.2 ng/mL in the 4000 IU/d group (fold difference: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.37). Serum and adipose tissue vitamin D3 concentrations were correlated, and the dose-response of vitamin D3 in adipose mirrored that in serum. CONCLUSIONS We validated a sensitive, robust, and high-throughput LC-MS/MS method to quantify vitamins D3 and D2 in serum. Serum and SUBQ adipose tissue vitamin D3 concentrations increased proportionally to dose with 3 mo of daily supplementation.These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00552409 (pilot study 1) and NCT01477034 (pilot study 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora M Best
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Devon V Riley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Laha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannah Pflaum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leila R Zelnick
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon Hsu
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen E Foster-Schubert
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica N Kuzma
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Cromer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilona Larson
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Derek K Hagman
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Heshelman
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Kamronrithisorn T, Manonai J, Vallibhakara SA, Sophonsritsuk A, Vallibhakara O. Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the Menopause. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2876. [PMID: 32967068 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of oral vitamin D supplements on vaginal health in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) was evaluated. A double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks to investigate changes on vaginal maturation index (VMI), vaginal pH, and the visual analog scale (VAS) of VVA symptoms. The vitamin D group received oral ergocalciferol, at 40,000 IU per week, while the placebo group received an identical placebo capsule. Eighty postmenopausal women were enrolled. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between both groups. In an intention-to-treat analysis, VMI, vaginal pH, and VAS of VVA symptoms showed no significant differences between both groups at the six and 12 weeks. However, the mean difference of VMI in the vitamin D group between baseline and at six weeks showed significant improvement (5.5 + 16.27, p <0.05). Moreover, the mean vaginal pH and VAS of VVA patients in the vitamin D group were significantly improved at both six and 12 weeks compared to baseline. The oral vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks potentially improves vaginal health outcomes in postmenopausal women with VVA symptoms, demonstrated by the improved mean VMI, vaginal pH, and VAS at six and 12 weeks between baseline, however, no significant differences were observed from the placebo treatment.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Given the need to identify modifiable risk factors to prevent IBD development and to mitigate disease severity, vitamin D has become a major candidate of interest. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the regulatory role played by vitamin D in intestinal immune homeostasis, updates in the recent literature exploring its role in de novo IBD pathogenesis and established IBD activity. We also discuss societal recommendations on its therapeutic role in maintaining bone health and future directions for studying its role in regulating disease activity. EXPERT OPINION In contrast to findings from earlier studies suggesting a causal role in IBD, recent findings indicate that vitamin D deficiency may be a sequela rather than a cause of IBD. Additionally, clinical trials exploring vitamin D therapy in reducing disease activity remain inconclusive thus far, with the current evidence best supporting a therapeutic role of vitamin D in bone health. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of vitamin D in IBD development and disease activity and to determine its therapeutic potential for IBD disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Myint
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny S Sauk
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Berkeley N Limketkai
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Suzuki I, Kumai Y, Tada A, Sato K, Umegaki K, Chiba T, Takebayashi J. [Method Verification for Vitamin D Analysis in Processed Foods Based on the Analytical Manual for the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan 2015 (Seventh Revised Edition)]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2020; 61:53-57. [PMID: 32336709 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.61.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Considerable amounts of processed foods contain vitamin D (ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3)) as food additives. For field surveys on food additives, the analytical method for vitamin D should be well-validated. However, the current official method in Japan cannot separately determine the concentrations of D2 and D3, whereas the method for the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan 2015 (STFC method) can. Therefore, in this study, we verified the applicability of the STFC method to processed foods. During the course of this research, we added some improvements to the original method. Spike and recovery experiments using vegetable juice, soymilk, and corn flakes as food matrices showed that the recovery rates (relative standard deviation) of D2 and D3 were 103-112% (4.7-12.6%) and 102-109% (2.4-21.8%), respectively, at the estimated method limit of quantification (EMLOQ) level; and 100-110% (4.0-7.4%) and 102-105% (3.8-4.8%), respectively, at 10 times the EMLOQ level. These results indicated that accuracy and precision of the modified STFC method were enough to determine dietary D2 and D3 as endogenous nutrients and/or food additives, and suggested that this method is appropriate for analyzing vitamin D concentrations in processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Suzuki
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Yasuhito Kumai
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | | | - Keizo Umegaki
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Department of Food Safety and Management, Showa Women's University
| | - Tsuyoshi Chiba
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Jun Takebayashi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Dreyer G, Kieswich J, Harwood S, Ahluwalia A, Yaqoob MM. Ergocalciferol improves endothelial vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor function in an in vivo model of mild uraemia. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190711. [PMID: 31789348 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20190711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and vitamin D deficiency are prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both are risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. No studies have investigated the effect of nutritional forms of vitamin D on endothelial function in earlier stages of CKD, when vascular endothelium may be more amenable to this therapy. We studied the effect of ergocalciferol in a pre-clinical model of mild uraemia. Male Wistar rats underwent either a 5/6th nephrectomy or sham surgery. Four weeks after the final stage of the surgery, these two groups were randomly allocated to placebo or an oral dose of 1000 iu of ergocalcfierol at day 7 and 2 pre sacrifice. Vascular responses to acetylcholine, Spermine NONOate and phenylephrine were determined in aortic rings. Blood pressure, calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone were measured in all groups. Ergocalciferol significantly improved the endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine and overcame the blunting of the contractile response to phenylephrine seen in uraemic animals. Ergocalciferol improved the contractile response to potassium chloride in uraemic, but not sham animals. All effects occurred independently of changes to calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and systolic blood pressure. There were no differences in endothelium-independent relaxation to Spermine NONOate. In summary, in a model of mild uraemia, ergocalciferol improved vasodilator and vasoconstrictor tone independently of blood pressure and bone mineral parameters suggesting a direct effect of ergocalciferol on the endothelium.
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34
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Bode LE, McClester Brown M, Hawes EM. Vitamin D Supplementation for Extraskeletal Indications in Older Persons. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 21:164-171. [PMID: 31753741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of vitamin D have been implicated in a wide variety of conditions highly prevalent in the geriatric population, including fractures, functional limitations, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and depression. Vitamin D supplementation is often considered integral to the prevention of falls and fractures in the setting of osteoporosis. For other conditions, however, consensus is lacking, and the clinician may struggle to balance competing recommendations around screening, supplementation, and monitoring. This review seeks to provide an overview of the available evidence on the use of vitamin D supplementation to ameliorate sarcopenia, enhance cognition, treat depression, prevent cancer, and reduce mortality-outcomes that are common concerns in the geriatric population for which the merits of treatment are not always certain. Evidence suggests vitamin D supplementation may decrease mortality. Therefore, it may be reasonable to prescribe routine supplementation with oral cholecalciferol 800 to 1000 IU daily to all patients aged ≥65 years who do not have a contraindication. No screening or monitoring would be recommended for this population. We additionally recommend the use of oral cholecalciferol over ergocalciferol for any routine supplementation as this benefit was only observed with cholecalciferol. For patients with depression or cognitive disorders, we recommend screening for vitamin D deficiency, treating with oral cholecalciferol if present, and monitoring periodically to target a level of >30 ng/mL as an adjunct to usual care. The level of evidence certainly would not justify the use of vitamin D in place of more evidence-based therapies, but given the burden of these conditions in the geriatric population, we believe the potential benefit justifies the minimal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bode
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Vermont Campus, Colchester, VT
| | | | - Emily M Hawes
- Department of Family Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Abstract
Menopause and aging are associated with changes in circulating gonadal steroid hormones, insulin sensitivity, body composition, and also lifestyle and social coordinates. Vitamin D status influences different metabolic adjustments, aside from calcium-phosphorus and bone metabolism. The main blood marker used to measure endogenous vitamin D status is 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Aging is associated with increases in serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, and a decrease of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolites. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status is also influenced by the circannual rhythm of sun irradiation. Results of clinical association studies have not correlated with intervention trials, experimental studies, and/or meta-analyses regarding the role of vitamin D on different outcomes in women during their second half of life and the vitamin D supplementation dose needed to improve clinical endpoints. Discordant results have been related to the method used to measure vitamin D, the studied population (i.e., sociodemographics and ethnicity), study designs, and biases of analyses. Vitamin D supplementation with cholecalciferol or calcifediol may improve some metabolic variables and clinical outcomes in young postmenopausal and older women. Studies seem to suggest that calcifediol may have some advantages over other forms of vitamin D supplementation. Further studies are needed to define interventions with supplements and effective food fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T López-Baena
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G R Pérez-Roncero
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F R Pérez-López
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Mezones-Holguín
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú.,Epi-gnosis Solutions, Piura, Perú
| | - P Chedraui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica 'Nuestra Señora de la Asunción', Asunción, Paraguay
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Navarro Suarez L, Thein S, Kallinich C, Rohn S. Electrochemical Oxidation as a Tool for Generating Vitamin D Metabolites. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132369. [PMID: 31248057 PMCID: PMC6651080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of the vitamers cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol was investigated in order to determine whether it is possible to evaluate phase-I and phase-II metabolism of these steroids and yield metabolites that can serve as reference material. The vitamers were electrochemically-oxidized using an electrochemical system (ROXY™ EC system). The influence of pH value, solvent, and potential was evaluated. When using methanol or ethanol, the formation of artificial methoxy or ethoxy groups, respectively, was observed, while the use of acetonitrile did not show any formation of further functional groups. A neutral pH value and use of a constant potential led to the highest number of oxidation products with intensive signals. Additionally, a binding study between vitamin D and glucuronic acid as an example for phase-II conjugation was carried out. It was possible to detect adduct formation. Coupling mass spectrometry directly to electrochemistry (EC-MS) is a promising approach for generating vitamin D metabolites and/or yielding a number of metabolites without in vivo or in vitro test systems. It can support or even replace animal studies in the long-term and might be promising for yielding reference compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Navarro Suarez
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sonja Thein
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Constanze Kallinich
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sascha Rohn
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Gupta R, Behera C, Paudwal G, Rawat N, Baldi A, Gupta PN. Recent Advances in Formulation Strategies for Efficient Delivery of Vitamin D. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 20:11. [PMID: 30560516 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of vitamin D is a global concern affecting a huge number of human populations. This deficiency has a serious impact on human health not only affecting bone mineral density but also becoming the reason for cardiovascular disorders, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers. Exposure to sunlight is the major source of vitamin D, but due to the present day-to-day lifestyle of working in a shade arouses the need for exogenous sources of vitamin D. Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) are the two major forms of vitamin D, which are hydrophobic in nature and highly susceptible to environmental conditions, like temperature and light. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems could be explored for efficient delivery of vitamin D. In this review, a brief account of vitamin D is provided followed by a detailed description of recent advances in various delivery systems, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsion, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, polymeric nanoparticles and solid dispersion, for the efficient delivery of vitamin D.
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Suebthawinkul C, Panyakhamlerd K, Yotnuengnit P, Suwan A, Chaiyasit N, Taechakraichana N. The effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on muscle strength in early postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Climacteric 2018; 21:491-497. [PMID: 30095022 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1480600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] has been shown to be associated with low muscle mass and loss of muscle strength, resulting in increased disability and frailty in older men and women. Vitamin D deficiency is common in postmenopausal women. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength in early postmenopausal women. The effects of vitamin D2 supplementation on muscle mass and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were secondarily investigated. METHODS A 12-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in early postmenopausal women (45-60 years old) with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml). A total of 88 subjects were randomized into group I: vitamin D2 supplement 40 000 IU/week (n = 44), or group II: placebo (n = 44). Serum 25(OH)D level, muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle CSA were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after the supplementation. RESULTS After 12 weeks of supplementation, 70% of women in group I achieved a sufficient level of serum 25(OH)D (>30 ng/ml). There were significant differences in changes of serum 25(OH)D levels between the two groups (p < 0.05). Muscle strength and muscle CSA in group I increased significantly after 12 weeks (p = 0.015, 0.045, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the mean changes of muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle CSA between the two groups (p = 0.16, 0.89, 0.84, respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, we found no obvious effect of vitamin D supplementation on the changes in muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle CSA when compared to placebo. However, there were significant changes in muscle strength and muscle CSA from baseline in the vitamin D supplementation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Suebthawinkul
- a Reproductive Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - K Panyakhamlerd
- a Reproductive Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - P Yotnuengnit
- b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - A Suwan
- a Reproductive Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - N Chaiyasit
- c Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - N Taechakraichana
- a Reproductive Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Parva NR, Tadepalli S, Singh P, Qian A, Joshi R, Kandala H, Nookala VK, Cheriyath P. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in the US Population (2011-2012). Cureus 2018; 10:e2741. [PMID: 30087817 PMCID: PMC6075634 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, is a lipid-soluble compound that plays a significant role in clinical medicine due to its potent effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Since foods containing natural vitamin D are rare, the primary source of the compound remains its nonenzymatic dermal synthesis through exposure to ultraviolet rays in sunlight. Although uncommon in most developed countries, recent literature has demonstrated that subclinical vitamin D deficiency can exist in certain populations and plays a role in downstream clinical consequences, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and fractures. This study aims to identify the prevalence and change in the pattern of vitamin D deficiency in subpopulations throughout the United States to provide a foundation for further clinical studies correlating the clinical outcomes to vitamin deficiency. Methods Data analyzed in this study were collected through National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), specifically from a population of 4962 participants, age ≥20 years, who were hospitalized between 2011 and 2012. This cohort was stratified to divide the population into patients that were vitamin D sufficient (>50 nmol/L) versus patients who were vitamin D deficient (50 nmol/L). The risk factors were compared between the subpopulations in 2005-2006 and 2011-2012. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is greater in certain clinical subpopulations, and the presence of associated characteristics should raise the index of suspicion for the practicing clinician with regard to conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency, such as osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Further research investigating the pathophysiology of hypovitaminosis D and its clinical consequences can help better understand and prevent the development of associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satish Tadepalli
- Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian - Ocean Medical Center, Edison, USA
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian - Ocean Medical Center, Edison, USA
| | | | - Rajat Joshi
- Internal Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | | | | | - Pramil Cheriyath
- Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian - Ocean Medical Center, Edison, USA
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Cesareo R, Attanasio R, Caputo M, Castello R, Chiodini I, Falchetti A, Guglielmi R, Papini E, Santonati A, Scillitani A, Toscano V, Triggiani V, Vescini F, Zini M. Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and Italian Chapter of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Position Statement: Clinical Management of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050546. [PMID: 29702603 PMCID: PMC5986426 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is very common and prescriptions of both assay and supplementation are increasing more and more. Health expenditure is exponentially increasing, thus it is timely and appropriate to establish rules. The Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists appointed a task force to review literature about vitamin D deficiency in adults. Four topics were identified as worthy for the practicing clinicians. For each topic recommendations based on scientific evidence and clinical practice were issued according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) System. (1) What cut-off defines vitamin D deficiency: even though 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) can be considered appropriate in the general population, we recommend to maintain levels above 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) in categories at risk. (2) Whom, when, and how to perform screening for vitamin D deficiency: categories at risk (patients with bone, liver, kidney diseases, obesity, malabsorption, during pregnancy and lactation, some elderly) but not healthy people should be screened by the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D assay. (3) Whom and how to treat vitamin D deficiency: beyond healthy lifestyle (mostly sun exposure), we recommend oral vitamin D (vitamin D2 or vitamin D3) supplementation in patients treated with bone active drugs and in those with demonstrated deficiency. Dosages, molecules and modalities of administration can be profitably individually tailored. (4) How to monitor the efficacy of treatment with vitamin D: no routine monitoring is suggested during vitamin D treatment due to its large therapeutic index. In particular conditions, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D can be assayed after at least a 6-month treatment. We are confident that this document will help practicing clinicians in their daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cesareo
- Department of Internal Medicine, "S. M. Goretti" Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Roberto Attanasio
- Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Caputo
- Ospedale Classificato Villa Salus, 30174 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Roberto Castello
- General Medicine and Endocrinology, University Hospital, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20149 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Centro Hercolani and Villa Alba (GVM), 40123 Bologna and EndOsMet, Villa Donatello Private Hospital, 50132 Florence, Italy.
| | - Rinaldo Guglielmi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, 00041 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Papini
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, 00041 Rome, Italy.
| | - Assunta Santonati
- Department of Endocrinology, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Toscano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 33010 Udine, Italy.
| | - Michele Zini
- Endocrinology Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effect of vitamin D repletion on certain immune parameters of vitamin D insufficient dairy cows. Twenty dairy cows in late lactation were treated daily with vitamin D in five different ways: sunlight exposure (SUN), D2 supplementation combined with sunlight exposure (D2SUN), D2 supplementation (D2), D3 supplementation (D3), and D2 and D3 supplementation combined (D2D3). The cows had very low vitamin D levels at d 0 because of the vitamin D deprivation before the study. After 1 month of vitamin D repletion, all cows had plasma 25(OH)D levels within the normal range. Total 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher in SUN, D2SUN and D2D3 than D2 or D3 at the end of the study. However, milk yield, as well as protein and fat content of the milk, was not influenced by vitamin D treatments. There was no difference obtained in the measured immune parameters: Leucocyte populations, somatic cell count, immunoglobulin concentrations in plasma and milk, and antigen-stimulated cytokine productions did not change in response to vitamin D repletion or difference in vitamin D sources, and no relations to plasma 25(OH)D levels were identified. Despite the fact that plasma 25(OH)D increased from a very low level to normal range, the present study did not show any effect of vitamin D repletion on the tested immune parameters of healthy dairy cows. Therefore, in this study, it was concluded that repletion to physiologically normal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of vitamin D-depleted healthy dairy cows had no influence on immune parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Lone Hymøller
- b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
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Abstract
There is emerging interest in linking vitamin D status to physiological health and disease states in the dog, as evidenced by the recent increase in publications in this area. This research has most likely been spurred by the studies exploring vitamin D and disease in humans. However, there are important differences in vitamin D intake and metabolism between humans and dogs that should be accounted for. The understanding of basic vitamin D metabolism and the relationship between vitamin D intake and vitamin D status in dogs remains even more limited than current knowledge in humans. This review will summarize current knowledge of vitamin D in the dog, including metabolism and dietary recommendations. Emphasis is placed on the limitations to current knowledge. Studies investigating links between vitamin D and disease will be discussed in light of this knowledge. Suggestions for future research, including the development of reference ranges to define blood vitamin D sufficiency, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weidner
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- b Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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43
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Ha Y, Hwang SG, Rim KS. The Association between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080806. [PMID: 28749418 PMCID: PMC5579600 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the association between vitamin D insufficiency and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We attempted to demonstrate this relationship using population-based data. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D level ≤20 ng/mL. Hepatic steatosis index was calculated to define NAFLD. Significant fibrosis was assessed using Body mass index, AST/ALT Ratio, Diabetes (BARD) score. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and NAFLD. Among 1812 participants, 409 (22.6%) had NAFLD. Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were more likely to be male (56.7%), had higher body mass index (28.1 kg/m²), and had more metabolic syndrome (57.2%). The proportion of vitamin D insufficiency did not differ between NAFLD and non-NAFLD (77.5% vs. 77.4%). Logistic regression analyses showed that BMI, diabetes, and triglyceride level were significantly associated with NAFLD, whereas vitamin D insufficiency was not related. Subgroup analyses involving non-obese participants, male participants, and participants without metabolic syndrome showed similar results. The BARD score and the proportion of significant fibrosis by BARD score did not differ according to vitamin D status. Vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with the presence of NAFLD as assessed by validated noninvasive prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjung Ha
- Department of Hepatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Seong Gyu Hwang
- Department of Hepatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Kyu Sung Rim
- Department of Hepatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) represents the adaptive and very often, finally, maladaptive response of the organism to control the disturbed homeostasis of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolism caused by declining renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). sHPT leads to cardiovascular and extravascular calcifications and is directly linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as excess all-cause mortality. Vitamin D plays an important role in the development of sHPT. CKD patients are characterized by a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D. Supplementation with both vitamin D prohormones cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol enables the achievement and maintenance of a normal vitamin D status when given in adequate doses over an appropriate treatment period. In patients with earlier stages of CKD, sHPT is influenced by and can be successfully treated with vitamin D prohormone supplementation, whereas in patients with very late stages of CKD and those requiring dialysis, treatment with prohormones seems to be of limited efficacy. This review gives an overview of the pathogenesis of sHPT, summarizes vitamin D metabolism, and discusses the existing literature regarding the role of vitamin D prohormone in the treatment of sHPT in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Friedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
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45
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that possesses immunomodulatory properties and has been demonstrated to potentially influence inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis and activity. Epidemiologic data have associated vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk of IBD, hospitalizations, surgery, and loss of response to biologic therapy. Conversely, IBD itself can lead to vitamin D deficiency. This bidirectional relationship between vitamin D and IBD suggests the need for monitoring and repletion of vitamin D, as needed, in the IBD patient. This review discusses the role of vitamin D in IBD and provides practical guidance on vitamin D repletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkeley N Limketkai
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerard E Mullin
- 2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Limsui
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alyssa M Parian
- 2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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46
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Abstract
There has been renewed interest in vitamin D since numerous recent studies have suggested that besides its well-established roles in bone metabolism and immunity, vitamin D status is inversely associated with the incidence of several diseases, e.g., cancers, cardio-vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Surprisingly, there is very little data on factors that affect absorption of this fat-soluble vitamin, although it is acknowledged that dietary vitamin D could help to fight against the subdeficient vitamin D status that is common in several populations. This review describes the state of the art concerning the fate of vitamin D in the human upper gastrointestinal tract and on the factors assumed to affect its absorption efficiency. The main conclusions are: (i) ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), the form mostly used in supplements and fortified foods, is apparently absorbed with similar efficiency to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3, the main dietary form), (ii) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), the metabolite produced in the liver, and which can be found in foods, is better absorbed than the nonhydroxy vitamin D forms cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol, (iii) the amount of fat with which vitamin D is ingested does not seem to significantly modify the bioavailability of vitamin D3, (iv) the food matrix has apparently little effect on vitamin D bioavailability, (v) sucrose polyesters (Olestra) and tetrahydrolipstatin (orlistat) probably diminish vitamin D absorption, and (vi) there is apparently no effect of aging on vitamin D absorption efficiency. We also find that there is insufficient, or even no data on the following factors suspected of affecting vitamin D bioavailability: (i) effect of type and amount of dietary fiber, (ii) effect of vitamin D status, and (iii) effect of genetic variation in proteins involved in its intestinal absorption. In conclusion, further studies are needed to improve our knowledge of factors affecting vitamin D absorption efficiency. Clinical studies with labeled vitamin D, e.g., deuterated or (13)C, are needed to accurately and definitively assess the effect of various factors on its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Borel
- a INSERM, UMR1062, Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis , Marseille , France
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47
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Hermes WA, Alvarez JA, Lee MJ, Chesdachai S, Lodin D, Horst R, Tangpricha V. Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Trial Comparing a Powder Vehicle Compound of Vitamin D With an Oil Vehicle Compound in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:952-958. [PMID: 26903303 DOI: 10.1177/0148607116629673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little consensus on the most efficacious vehicle substance for vitamin D supplements. Fat malabsorption may impede the ability of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to absorb vitamin D in an oil vehicle. We hypothesized that vitamin D contained in a powder vehicle would be absorbed more efficiently than vitamin D contained in an oil vehicle in patients with CF. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, hospitalized adults with CF were given a one-time bolus dose of 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol (D3) in a powder-based or oil-based vehicle. Serum D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone concentrations were analyzed at 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours posttreatment. The area under the curve for serum D3 and the 12-hour time point were also assessed as indicators of D3 absorption. RESULTS This trial was completed by 15 patients with CF. The median (interquartile range) age, body mass index, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were 23.7 (19.9-33.2) years, 19.9 (18.6-22.6) kg/m2, and 63% (37%-80%), respectively. The increase in serum D3 and the area under the curve was greater in the powder group ( P = .002 and P = .036, respectively). Serum D3 was higher at 12 hours in the powder group compared with the oil group ( P = .002), although levels were similar between groups by 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS In adults with CF, cholecalciferol is more efficiently absorbed in a powder compared with an oil vehicle. Physicians should consider prescribing vitamin D in a powder vehicle in patients with CF to improve the absorption of vitamin D from supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Hermes
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Moon J Lee
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Supavit Chesdachai
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daud Lodin
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ron Horst
- 3 Heartland Assays, LLC, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,2 Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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48
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Abstract
The dose response effect of UV-B irradiation from sunlight on vitamin D2 content of sliced Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) during the process of sun-drying was investigated.Real-time UV-B and UV-A data were obtained using a high-performance spectroradiometer. During the first hour of sunlight exposure, the vitamin D2 content of the mushrooms increased in a linear manner, with concentrations increasing from 0.1 μg/g up to 3.9 ± 0.8 μg/g dry weight (DW). At the subsequent two measurements one and 3 h later, respectively, a plateau was reached. Two hours of additional exposure triggered a significant decline in vitamin D2 content. After just 15 min of sun exposure and an UV-B dose of 0.13 J/cm(2), the vitamin D2 content increased significantly to 2.2 ± 0.5 μg/g DW (P < 0.0001), which is equivalent to 17.6 μg (704 IU) vitamin D2 per 100 g of fresh mushrooms and comparable to levels found in fatty fish like the Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Urbain
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University Medical Center , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Abstract
Vitamin D has known importance to bone health including calcium and phosphate homeostasis and appears to have a role in skeletal muscle health as well. Cases of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency have been associated with poor muscle health. While the exact effects and mechanism of action remains controversial, current data lean towards insufficient vitamin D playing a role in musculoskeletal pain, sarcopenia, myopathy, falls and indirectly via cerebellar and cognitive dysfunction. Sophisticated experimental techniques have allowed detection of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on skeletal muscle and cerebellar tissue, which if validated in further large studies, could confirm the mechanism of vitamin D in these associations. While further study is required, vitamin D repletion can have a substantial impact on muscle as well as bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bobo Tanner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Rheumatology and Allergy, 2611 West End Ave, Suite 210, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Susan A Harwell
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Rheumatology, 1161 21st Avenue So., T-3113 MCN, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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50
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Mitchell DM, Leder BZ, Cagliero E, Mendoza N, Henao MP, Hayden DL, Finkelstein JS, Burnett-Bowie SAM. Insulin secretion and sensitivity in healthy adults with low vitamin D are not affected by high-dose ergocalciferol administration: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:385-92. [PMID: 26156733 PMCID: PMC4515870 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic data suggest that low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] increases insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Few interventional trials have assessed the effect of vitamin D on insulin metabolism, and published results are discordant. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to perform a detailed assessment of the effect of ergocalciferol administration on glucose and insulin metabolism in healthy people with low total 25(OH)D(total). DESIGN This was a 12-wk, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 90 healthy volunteers aged 18-45 y with serum 25(OH)D ≤20 ng/mL (by immunoassay) and administered 50,000 IU ergocalciferol/wk or placebo for 12 wk. Primary endpoints were change in first-phase insulin response and insulin sensitivity as measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test. Secondary endpoints included change in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids; body mass index (BMI); and blood pressure. RESULTS On-study 25(OH)D(total) was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the treated group, 25(OH)D(total) rose from 18 ± 7 to 43 ± 12 ng/mL (P < 0.001) with no change in the placebo group. Despite this increase, at 12 wk, there were no between-group differences in either insulin response or insulin sensitivity; nor were there differences in any measured secondary endpoints. There was no evidence of effect modification by sex, race, glucose tolerance status, baseline 25(OH)D(total), or BMI. CONCLUSION In healthy persons with low 25(OH)D(total), ergocalciferol administration for 12 wk normalizes 25(OH)D(total) but does not improve insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or other markers of metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas L Hayden
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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