Long Non-Coding RNA Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 Targets miR-185 to Regulate Cell Proliferation and Glycolysis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells in vitro

Chidamide inhibits cell glycolysis in acute myeloid leukemia by decreasing N6-methyladenosine-related GNAS-AS1

BACKGROUND

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy. Chidamide has shown anti-cancer effect in different malignancies. The function of Chidamide in glycolysis in AML cells remains unclear.

METHODS

AML cells were treated with 1000 nM Chidamide for 48 h. The levels of long non-coding RNA-GNAS-AS1, miR-34a-5p, glycolysis-related proteins, and Ras homolog gene family (RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling-related proteins were detected by qRT-PCR or western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Glycolysis levels were measured by assay kits. GNAS-AS1 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification level was detected by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. The combined targets of miR-34a-5p were validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. BALB/C nude mice were selected for subcutaneous tumor validation. Chidamide at a dosage of 25 mg/kg was used in the animal study.

RESULTS

GNAS-AS1 promoted glycolysis in AML cells by upregulating the expression of glycolysis-related proteins and increasing glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP generation, and the extracellular acidification rate. Chidamide treatment suppressed WT1-associated protein (WTAP)-mediated RNA m6A modification of GNAS-AS1. Chidamide downregulated GNAS-AS1 to inhibit glycolysis in AML cells. GNAS-AS1 targeted miR-34a-5p to promote insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein (IGF2BP2) expression. IGF2BP2 inhibition reversed the promoting effect of miR-34a-5p knockdown on glycolysis and RhoA/ROCK pathway in Chidamide-treated cells. GNAS-AS1 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effect of Chidamide on AML tumorigenesis in vivo by modulating the RhoA/ROCK pathway.

CONCLUSION

Chidamide inhibited glycolysis in AML by repressing WTAP-mediated GNAS-AS1 m6A modification and then regulating the miR-34a-5p/IGF2BP2 axis.

The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Progression of Leukemia: Based on Chromosomal Location

Long non-coding RNA [LncRNA] dysregulation has been seen in many human cancers, including several kinds of leukemia, which is still a fatal disease with a poor prognosis. LncRNAs have been demonstrated to function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in leukemia. This study covers current research findings on the role of lncRNAs in the prognosis and diagnosis of leukemia. Based on recent results, several lncRNAs are emerging as biomarkers for the prognosis, diagnosis, and even treatment outcome prediction of leukemia and have been shown to play critical roles in controlling leukemia cell activities, such as proliferation, cell death, metastasis, and drug resistance. As a result, lncRNA profiles may have superior predictive and diagnostic potential in leukemia. Accordingly, this review concentrates on the significance of lncRNAs in leukemia progression based on their chromosomal position.

The role of microRNA-185 in the pathogenesis of human diseases: A focus on cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widely-studied class of non-coding RNAs characterized by their short length (18-25 nucleotides). The precise functions of miRNAs are not well-elucidated; however, an increasing number of studies suggest their involvement in various physiologic processes and deregulation in pathologic conditions. miRNA-185 (miR-185) is among the mostly-studied miRNAs in human diseases, which is found to play putative roles in conditions like metabolic disorders, asthma, frailty, schizophrenia, and hepatitis. Notably, many cancer studies report the downregulation of miR-185 in cell lines, tumor tissues, and plasma specimens of patients, while it demonstrates a suppressing role on the malignant properties of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, miR-185 can be considered a tumor suppressor miRNA in human malignancies, while a few studies also report inconsistent findings. Being suggested as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker, mi-185 is also found to offer clinical potentials, particularly for early diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we have outlined the studies that have evaluated the functions and clinical significance of miR-185 in different human diseases with a particular focus on cancer.

MiR-185-5p suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inhibiting GPX1

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been characterized by the swift development of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. This research aimed to examine the impacts of the miR-185-5p-GPX1 axis on AML progression and differentiation. Findings indicated that miR-185-5p and GPX1 levels were significantly reduced and elevated, respectively. The upregulation of miR-185-5p was observed to restrict the proliferation and invasion abilities of AML cells, and promote differentiate and apoptosis. Moreover, the overexpression of GPX1 was noticed to enhance the growth of AML cells. In conclusion, this research suggested that by targeting GPX1, miR-185-5p inhibited AML progression and downregulated AML cells' proliferation and invasion.

Role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00152 in pancreatic cancer glycolysis via the manipulation of the microRNA-185-5p/Krüppel-like factor 7 axis

The current study set out to investigate the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA (LINC) 00152 in pancreatic cancer (PC) cell glycolysis with the microRNA (miR)-185-5p/Krüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) axis. Firstly, PC tissues and cells as well as the control ones were collected from 53 PC patients, and assessed for LINC00152 expression patterns. Besides, PC cells with the most differentially expressed LINC00152 were selected for further experiments. When LINC00152 was silenced or overexpressed, PC cell glucose consumption, lactic acid production, adenosine triphosphate and levels of glycolysis-associated enzymes were detected. In addition, the binding relation between LINC00152 and miR-185-5p as well as the target relation between miR-185-5p and KLF7 was clarified and validated. Additionally, xenograft transplantation was performed to confirm the in vitro experiments. It was found that LINC00152 was over-expressed in PC, and it predicted a poor prognosis. Besides, LINC00152 knockdown inhibited PC cell glycolysis. Moreover, LINC00152 could specifically targeted miR-185-5p. Meanwhile, LINC00152 exhaustion blocked PC cell glycolysis through the up-regulation of miR-185-5p. Lastly, LINC00152 inhibition targeted miR-185-5p to quench KLF7, therefore suppressing PC cell tumorigenesis and glycolysis. Collectively, our findings indicated that silencing LINC00152 restricted PC cell glycolysis via promoting miR-185-5p and reducing KLF7.

Construction of a microRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in De Novo Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Background: The association between dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is well known. However, our understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs in the cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) subtype pathway is still poor. The current study integrated miRNA and mRNA profiles to explore novel miRNA-mRNA interactions that affect the regulatory patterns of de novo CN-AML. Methods: We utilized a multiplexed nanoString nCounter platform to profile both miRNAs and mRNAs using similar sets of patient samples (n = 24). Correlations were assessed, and an miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. The underlying biological functions of the mRNAs were predicted by gene enrichment. Finally, the interacting pairs were assessed using TargetScan and microT-CDS. We identified 637 significant negative correlations (false discovery rate <0.05). Results: Network analysis revealed a cluster of 12 miRNAs representing the majority of mRNA targets. Within the cluster, five miRNAs (miR-495-3p, miR-185-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-409-3p, and miR-127-3p) were posited to play a pivotal role in the regulation of CN-AML, as they are associated with the negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation, negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation, and positive regulation of hematopoiesis. Conclusion: Three novel interactions in CN-AML were predicted as let-7i-5p:HOXA9, miR-495-3p:PIK3R1, and miR-495-3p:CDK6 may be responsible for regulating myeloid cell differentiation in CN-AML.

Role of long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 in cancers

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-protein coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 bp. The lncRNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) is abnormally expressed in many human malignant cancers, where it acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), regulating gene expression by specifically sponging its corresponding microRNAs. In the present review, we summarised the current understanding of the role of lncRNA TUG1 in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, radiosensitivity, cell regulation, and cell glycolysis, as well as highlighting its potential application as a clinical biomarker or therapeutic target for malignant cancer. This review provides the basis for new research directions for lncRNA TUG1 in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.