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Dutkowska A, Domańska-Senderowska D, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH, Pikus E, Zielińska A, Biskup L, Kołodziejska A, Madura P, Możdżan M, Załuska U, Zheng E, Adamczyk E, Kędzia K, Wcisło S, Wawrzycki M, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Jabłoński S, Antczak A, Poznański M. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2823. [PMID: 39199596 PMCID: PMC11352408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In lung cancer patients, two complementary abnormalities were found that can cause disruption of the mitochondrial network: increased fusion and impaired fission, manifested by reduced levels of FIS1, a mitochondrial division regulator, and increased expression of MFN1, a mitochondrial fusion mediator. Immunoexpression studies of MFN1 and FIS1 proteins were performed in serum samples obtained from 47 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 21 controls. In the NSCLC patients, the immunoexpression of the MFN1 protein was significantly higher, and the FIS1 protein level was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01; p < 0.001; UMW test). Patients with early, operable lung cancer had significantly lower levels of MFN1 immunoexpression compared to patients with advanced, metastatic lung cancer (p < 0.05; UMW test). This suggests that early stages of the disease are characterized by greater fragmentation of damaged mitochondria and apoptosis. In contrast, lower FIS1 protein levels were associated with a worse prognosis. Increased mitochondrial fusion in the blood of lung cancer patients may suggest an increase in protective and repair mechanisms. This opens up questions about why these mechanisms fail in the context of existing advanced cancer disease and is a starting point for further research into why protective mechanisms fail in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Dutkowska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Daria Domańska-Senderowska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.H.C.-C.); (E.P.); (E.A.); (E.B.-L.)
| | | | - Ewa Pikus
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.H.C.-C.); (E.P.); (E.A.); (E.B.-L.)
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Biskup
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Agata Kołodziejska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Paulina Madura
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Możdżan
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Urszula Załuska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Edward Zheng
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Eliza Adamczyk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.H.C.-C.); (E.P.); (E.A.); (E.B.-L.)
| | - Konrad Kędzia
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (S.W.); (M.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Szymon Wcisło
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (S.W.); (M.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Marcin Wawrzycki
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (S.W.); (M.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.H.C.-C.); (E.P.); (E.A.); (E.B.-L.)
| | - Sławomir Jabłoński
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (S.W.); (M.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Adam Antczak
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Poznański
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
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Alghamdi A. A detailed review of pharmacology of MFN1 (mitofusion-1)-mediated mitochondrial dynamics: Implications for cellular health and diseases. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102012. [PMID: 38463181 PMCID: PMC10924208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are responsible for the production of cellular ATP, the regulation of cytosolic calcium levels, and the organization of numerous apoptotic proteins through the release of cofactors necessary for the activation of caspases. This level of functional adaptability can only be attained by sophisticated structural alignment. The morphology of the mitochondria does not remain unchanged throughout time; rather, it undergoes change as a result of processes known as fusion and fission. Fzo in flies, Fzo1 in yeast, and mitofusins in mammals are responsible for managing the outer mitochondrial membrane fusion process, whereas Mgm1 in yeast and optic atrophy 1 in mammals are responsible for managing the inner mitochondrial membrane fusion process. The fusion process is composed of two phases. MFN1, a GTPase that is located on the outer membrane of the mitochondria, is involved in the process of linking nearby mitochondria, maintaining the potential of the mitochondrial membrane, and apoptosis. This article offers specific information regarding the functions of MFN1 in a variety of cells and organs found in living creatures. According to the findings of the literature review, MFN1 plays an important part in a number of diseases and organ systems; nevertheless, the protein's function in other disease models and cell types has to be investigated in the near future so that it can be chosen as a promising marker for the therapeutic and diagnostic potentials it possesses. Overall, the major findings of this review highlight the pivotal role of mitofusin (MFN1) in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and its implications across various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndromes. Our review identifies novel therapeutic targets within the MFN1 signaling pathways and underscores the potential of MFN1 modulation as a promising strategy for treating mitochondrial-related diseases. Additionally, the review calls for further research into MFN1's molecular mechanisms to unlock new avenues for clinical interventions, emphasizing the need for targeted therapies that address MFN1 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box 1988 Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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Ning W, Xu X, Zhou S, Wu X, Wu H, Zhang Y, Han J, Wang J. Effect of high glucose supplementation on pulmonary fibrosis involving reactive oxygen species and TGF-β. Front Nutr 2022; 9:998662. [PMID: 36304232 PMCID: PMC9593073 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the profibrotic impact of high glucose in the lung and potential mechanisms using latent TGF-β1-induced human epithelial cell pulmonary fibrosis and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis models. Results demonstrated that high glucose administration induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner via activating latent TGF-β1, followed by increased expression of mesenchymal-related proteins and decreased expression of epithelial marker protein E-cadherin. Further mechanism analysis showed that administration of high glucose dose-dependently promoted total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in human epithelial cells, which promoted latent TGF-β1 activation. However, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS eliminator, inhibited such effects. An in vivo feed study found that mice given a high-glucose diet had more seriously pathological characteristics of pulmonary fibrosis in BLM-treated mice, including increasing infiltrated inflammatory cells, collagen I deposition, and the expression of mesenchymal-related proteins while decreasing the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. In addition, high glucose intake further increased TGF-β1 concentration and upregulated p-Smad2/3 and snail in lung tissues from BLM-treated mice when compared to BLM-treated mice. Finally, supplementation with high glucose further increased the production of lipid peroxidation metabolite malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase activity in BLM-treated mice. Collectively, these findings illustrate that high glucose supplementation activates a form of latent TGF-β1 by promoting ROS accumulation and ultimately exacerbates the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Predicting Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Based on the Expression Signatures of Mitophagy Genes. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4835826. [PMID: 36157211 PMCID: PMC9507775 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4835826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. The unbalance of mitophagy was closely related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. At present, it has not been uncovered about the influence of mitophagy genes on HCC prognosis and their potential pathogenesis. Materials and Methods. The expression and clinical information of HCC in TCGA cohort were used to identify mitophagy differentially expressed genes (MDEGs) with prognostic value. The prognostic model of mitophagy genes was built and externally validated by LASSO regression in TCGA cohort and ICGC cohort, respectively. The function of the prognostic signature and its association with immune cell infiltration were explored. The profile of MDEGs was validated with 39 pairs HCC and paracarcinoma tissues by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results. A total of 18 mitophagy genes that were upregulated and contributed to poor prognosis in HCC were identified. These genes could interact with each other. The correlation analysis showed that there was positively correlation among mitophagy genes. According to optimal
value, 8 mitophagy gene signatures were involved in prognostic model. Based on median risk scores, HCC patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group. Compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk group has worse overall survival in TCGA cohort and ICGC cohort. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that risk score was an independent prognostic factor of HCC patients. Time-dependent ROC curve was used to identify and validate good predicting performance of the prognostic model. Enrichment analysis showed that risk differentially expressed genes were enriched in various metabolism and cell division processes. The immune cell infiltration score and immune function were significantly different in two groups. qRT-PCR validation result showed that QSTM1, CSNK2B, PGAM5, and ATG5 were upregulated. Conclusion. Mitophagy genes could influence HCC progression through regulating the metabolism and immune functions and could be used to predict prognosis and considered as potential prognostic biomarker and precise therapeutic target of HCC.
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Li C, Sun S, Tu Y, Zhang H, Yao F, Liao S, Sun S, Li Z, Wang Z. High Glucose Accelerates Tumor Progression by Regulating MEDAG-Mediated Autophagy Levels in Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4289-4300. [PMID: 35864962 PMCID: PMC9295059 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that diabetes is a major risk factor for breast cancer (BC), but the mechanism is incompletely understood. Mesenteric estrogen-dependent adipogenesis (MEDAG) plays a significant role in both glucose uptake and BC development. However, the relationship between MEDAG and BC under high glucose (HG) conditions remains unclear. In our study, MEDAG expression was higher in BC tissue from diabetic patients than in BC tissue from nondiabetic patients. HG promoted BC progression in vitro and in vivo by upregulating MEDAG expression. Furthermore, MEDAG deficiency increased the autophagosome number and autophagic flux. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy partially reversed MEDAG knockdown (MEDAGKD)-induced suppression of tumorigenic biological behaviors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Finally, MEDAG significantly suppressed AMPK phosphorylation. Additionally, the AMPK inhibitor Compound C markedly reduced autophagosome accumulation and antitumor effects in MEDAGKD cells. Treatment with the AMPK activator AICAR exhibited similar effects in MEDAG-overexpressing (MEDAGOE) cells. In conclusion, the MEDAG-AMPK-autophagy axis is vital to BC progression in diabetic patients. Our findings provide a novel treatment target for BC in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hanpu Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shichong Liao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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Shao L, Zhu Y, Liao B, Wang G, Huang L, Yu L, Bai D. Effects of Curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy on autophagy and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102849. [PMID: 35390521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigated whether Curcumin-mediated PDT suppress EMT in lung cancer cells, and explore the roles of autophagy in the process of regulating EMT. METHODS Lung cancer cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The expression of epithelial marker and mesenchymal markers, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and the levels of p62 and beclin1 in A549 and SPCA1 cells were measured by Western blotting assay. The Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities of the A549 and SPCA1 cells. Autophagosome formation was detected via observing the colocalization of Lamp-2 with LC3 in A549 cells, and the autophagy ultrastructure was observed by TEM. RESULTS Curcumin-PDT inhibited EMT, migration and invasion and induced autophagy in lung cancer cells. Curcumin-PDT induced autophagy was involved in the process of PDT inhibiting EMT, but it presented a promoting effect of EMT in lung cancer cells. Curcumin-PDT combined with CQ further inhibited EMT, invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The role of PDT-induced autophagy in the regulation of EMT was determined to be a promoting effect in lung cancer. Therefore, Curcumin-mediated PDT combined with autophagy inhibitor further suppressed EMT of lung cancer cells, and may represent a potential strategy against invasion and migration of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Gailan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Dingqun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Tumor Cell Glycolysis—At the Crossroad of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061041. [PMID: 35326492 PMCID: PMC8947107 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of glycolysis, induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), are phenotypic changes that occur in tumor cells, in response to similar stimuli, either tumor cell-autonomous or from the tumor microenvironment. Available evidence, herein reviewed, suggests that glycolysis can play a causative role in the induction of EMT and autophagy in tumor cells. Thus, glycolysis has been shown to induce EMT and either induce or inhibit autophagy. Glycolysis-induced autophagy occurs both in the presence (glucose starvation) or absence (glucose sufficiency) of metabolic stress. In order to explain these, in part, contradictory experimental observations, we propose that in the presence of stimuli, tumor cells respond by upregulating glycolysis, which will then induce EMT and inhibit autophagy. In the presence of stimuli and glucose starvation, upregulated glycolysis leads to adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and autophagy induction. In the presence of stimuli and glucose sufficiency, upregulated glycolytic enzymes (e.g., aldolase or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) or decreased levels of glycolytic metabolites (e.g., dihydroxyacetone phosphate) may mimic a situation of metabolic stress (herein referred to as “pseudostarvation”), leading, directly or indirectly, to AMPK activation and autophagy induction. We also discuss possible mechanisms, whereby glycolysis can induce a mixed mesenchymal/autophagic phenotype in tumor cells. Subsequently, we address unresolved problems in this field and possible therapeutic consequences.
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Sharma A, Ramena GT, Elble RC. Advances in Intracellular Calcium Signaling Reveal Untapped Targets for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1077. [PMID: 34572262 PMCID: PMC8466575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ distribution is a tightly regulated process. Numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required to maintain normal cellular physiology. Ca2+-binding proteins, mainly calmodulin and calbindins, sequester free intracellular Ca2+ ions and apportion or transport them to signaling hubs needing the cations. Ca2+ channels, ATP-driven pumps, and exchangers assist the binding proteins in transferring the ions to and from appropriate cellular compartments. Some, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, act as Ca2+ repositories. Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is inefficient without the active contribution of these organelles. Moreover, certain key cellular processes also rely on inter-organellar Ca2+ signaling. This review attempts to encapsulate the structure, function, and regulation of major intracellular Ca2+ buffers, sensors, channels, and signaling molecules before highlighting how cancer cells manipulate them to survive and thrive. The spotlight is then shifted to the slow pace of translating such research findings into anticancer therapeutics. We use the PubMed database to highlight current clinical studies that target intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Drug repurposing and improving the delivery of small molecule therapeutics are further discussed as promising strategies for speeding therapeutic development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Grace T. Ramena
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Randolph C. Elble
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
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