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Boguszewicz Ł, Bieleń A, Ciszek M, Skorupa A, Mrochem-Kwarciak J, Składowski K, Sokół M. Metabolomic Insight into Implications of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:188. [PMID: 38203359 PMCID: PMC10779362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study compares two groups of locally advanced patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCHRT), specifically those for whom it is a first-line treatment and those who have previously received induction chemotherapy (iCHT). The crucial question is whether iCHT is a serious burden during subsequent treatment for LA-HNSCC and how iCHT affects the tolerance to cCHRT. Of the 107 LA-HNSCC patients, 54 received cisplatin-based iCHT prior to cCHRT. The patients were clinically monitored at weekly intervals from the day before until the completion of the cCHRT. The 843 blood samples were collected and divided into two aliquots: for laboratory blood tests and for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (a Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer). The NMR metabolites and the clinical parameters from the laboratory blood tests were analyzed using orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS) and the Mann-Whitney U test (MWU). After iCHT, the patients begin cCHRT with significantly (MWU p-value < 0.05) elevated blood serum lipids, betaine, glycine, phosphocholine, and reticulocyte count, as well as significantly lowered NMR inflammatory markers, serine, hematocrit, neutrophile, monocyte, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and CRP. During cCHRT, a significant increase in albumin and psychological distress was observed, as well as a significant decrease in platelet, N-acetyl-cysteine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, in patients who received iCHT. Importantly, all clinical symptoms (except the decreased platelets) and most metabolic alterations (except for betaine, serine, tyrosine, glucose, and phosphocholine) resolve until the completion of cCHRT. In conclusion, iCHT results in hematological toxicity, altered lipids, and one-carbon metabolism, as well as downregulated inflammation, as observed at the beginning and during cCHRT. However, these complications are temporary, and most of them resolve at the end of the treatment. This suggests that iCHT prior to cCHRT does not pose a significant burden and should be considered as a safe treatment option for LA-HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Boguszewicz
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Agata Bieleń
- 1st Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.B.)
| | - Mateusz Ciszek
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Skorupa
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak
- Analytics and Clinical Biochemistry Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Składowski
- 1st Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.B.)
| | - Maria Sokół
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Wang S, Feng YC, Li H. Erythropoietin receptor is a risk factor for prognosis: A potential biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154891. [PMID: 37844485 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate of all cancers, and LUAD's survival rate is particularly poor. Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) can be detected in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), however, the expression levels and prognostic value of EPOR in LUAD are still unclear. In our study, clinicopathological data of 92 LUAD patients between January 2008 and June 2016, multiple bioinformatics databases and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the EPOR expression, the mutant genes affecting EPOR expression, and the correlation of EPOR expression with oxidative stress - related genes, prognosis, immune microenvironment. All statistical analyses were performed in the R version 4.1.1. The study found that EPOR expression might be down-regulated at the mRNA levels and significantly up-regulated at the protein levels in LUAD, which indicates that the mRNA and protein levels of EPOR are inconsistent. The muTarget showed that the expression of EPOR was significantly different between the mutant group and the wild group of 15 genes, including DDX60L and C1orf168. Importantly, we found that EPOR was associated with VEGF and HIF family members, and had significant positive correlation with oxidative stress - related genes such as CCS, EPX and TXNRD2. This suggests that EPOR may be involved in the regulation of oxidative stress. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter and PrognoScan databases consistently concluded that EPOR was associated with prognosis in LUAD patients. Our clinicopathological data showed that high EPOR expression was associated with poorer overall survival (29.5 vs 46 months) and had a good predictive ability for 4-year and 5-year survival probability. EPOR is expected to be a potential new prognostic marker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yousen Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Senyu Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Chun Feng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.
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El-Benhawy SA, Sakr OA, Fahmy EI, Ali RA, Hussein MS, Nassar EM, Salem SM, Abu-Samra N, Elzawawy S. Assessment of Serum Hypoxia Biomarkers Pre- and Post-radiotherapy in Patients with Brain Tumors. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2303-2312. [PMID: 36121548 PMCID: PMC9726784 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prevalent hallmark of many malignant neoplasms. The aim was to assess the serum hypoxia biomarkers HIF-1α, VEGF, osteopontin, erythropoietin, caveolin-1, GLUT-1, and LDH pre- and post-radiotherapy in patients with brain tumors. The study was conducted on 120 subjects were divided into two groups: group I: 40 healthy volunteers as control group. Group II: 80 brain tumor patients were subdivided into glioblastoma subgroup: 40 glioblastoma patients, meningioma subgroup: 40 malignant meningioma patients. Two venous blood samples were collected from every patient prior to and following RT and one sample from controls. Biomarkers were assayed by ELISA. In glioblastoma subgroup, HIF-1α, VEGF, and LDH were significantly increased after RT. On the contrary, these biomarkers were significantly decreased after RT in malignant meningioma subgroup. Osteopontin was significantly increased after RT in both subgroups. Regarding erythropoietin, it was significantly decreased in both subgroups when compared to before RT. Caveolin-1 showed a significant increase in glioblastoma subgroup after RT comparing to before RT. GLUT-1 was significantly increased after RT in both subgroups comparing to before RT. Association of significant elevation of hypoxia biomarkers either pre- or post-RT with aggressive tumor such as glioblastoma indicates that, they are markers of malignancy and may have a role in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A El-Benhawy
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ola A Sakr
- Cancer Management and Research Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enayat I Fahmy
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Raed A Ali
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Faculty of Technology of Medical Sciences, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohamed S Hussein
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, October, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Nassar
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, October, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Salem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nehal Abu-Samra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Elzawawy
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Baseline anemia predicts a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations: a retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:381. [PMID: 36253772 PMCID: PMC9575199 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is relatively common in cancer patients, and baseline anemia is associated with poor survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is a lack of large-sample studies of patients with NSCLC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed anemia‑related data for patients with NSCLC and EGFR mutations who were admitted to Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to June 2019 and treated with targeted therapy. The patients' clinicopathological features were evaluated by χ2 tests and the relationships between clinical characteristics and prognosis were investigated using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 2,029 patients treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were finally enrolled in this study, of whom 24.6% had baseline anemia. Patients without baseline anemia had longer median overall survival (OS) than patients with baseline anemia (36.10 vs. 29.10 months, P = 0.001), and patients with grade < 2 anemia had longer median OS than those with grade ≥ 2 anemia (35.00 vs. 25.10 months, P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses identified baseline anemia as a factor predicting a poor prognosis in terms of OS in patients with EGFR mutations. CONCLUSIONS Baseline anemia is a significant factor predicting a poor prognosis in terms of OS in patients with NSCLC and EGFR mutations treated with targeted therapy. A higher grade of baseline anemia may also be related to shorter OS. And a higher risk of EGFR-mutated patients who had received targeted therapy could also be observed.
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Ma SJ, Yu H, Khan M, Yu B, Santhosh S, Chatterjee U, Gill J, Iovoli A, Farrugia M, Wooten K, Gupta V, McSpadden R, Kuriakose MA, Markiewicz MR, Al-Afif A, Hicks WL, Platek ME, Seshadri M, Ray AD, Repasky E, Singh AK. Defining the optimal threshold and prognostic utility of pre-treatment hemoglobin level as a biomarker for survival outcomes in head and neck cancer patients receiving chemoradiation. Oral Oncol 2022; 133:106054. [PMID: 35933937 PMCID: PMC10018793 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to define the optimal threshold for anemia in North American head and neck cancer patients and evaluate its role as a prognostic biomarker. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-institution database was queried for patients with head and neck cancer who underwent chemoradiation from January 2005 to April 2021. An optimal threshold of hemoglobin (Hgb) level was defined based on maximum log-rank test statistic. Cox multivariable analysis (MVA), Kaplan-Meier, and propensity score matching were performed to evaluate treatment outcomes. RESULTS A total of 496 patients were identified. Threshold for Hgb was determined to be 11.4 for both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Low Hgb was associated with worse OS (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 2.41, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.53-3.80, p < 0.001) and PFS (aHR 2.01, 95 % CI 1.30-3.11, p = 0.002). Similar findings were observed among 39 matched pairs for OS (5-year OS 22.3 % vs 49.0 %; HR 2.22, 95 % CI 1.23-4.03, p = 0.008) and PFS (5-year PFS 24.3 % vs 39.1 %; HR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.02-3.12, p = 0.04). Among those with HPV-negative tumors, low Hgb was associated with worse OS (aHR 13.90, 95 % CI 4.66-41.44, p < 0.001) and PFS (aHR 5.24, 95 % CI 2.09-13.18, p < 0.001). However, among those with HPV-positive tumors, low Hgb was not associated with both OS (aHR 1.75, 95 % CI 0.60-5.09, p = 0.31) and PFS (aHR 1.13, 95 % CI 0.41-3.14, p = 0.82). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Low Hgb below 11.4 was an independent adverse prognostic factor for worse survival. It was also prognostic among patients with HPV-negative tumors, but not for HPV-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Michael Khan
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203. USA.
| | - Brian Yu
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203. USA.
| | - Sharon Santhosh
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203. USA.
| | - Udit Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Jasmin Gill
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 12 Capen Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260. USA.
| | - Austin Iovoli
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Mark Farrugia
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Kimberly Wooten
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Ryan McSpadden
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Moni A Kuriakose
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA
| | - Michael R Markiewicz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214. USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203. USA.
| | - Ayham Al-Afif
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Wesley L Hicks
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Mary E Platek
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, D'Youville University, 320 Porter Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14201. USA.
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Andrew D Ray
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Elizabeth Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. USA.
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Han S, Feng Y. Pan-Cancer Analysis Based on EPOR Expression With Potential Value in Prognosis and Tumor Immunity in 33 Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844794. [PMID: 35359375 PMCID: PMC8963997 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), a member of the cytokine class I receptor family, mediates erythropoietin (EPO)-induced erythroblast proliferation and differentiation, but its significance goes beyond that. The expression and prognosis of EPOR in cancer remain unclear. Methods This study intended to perform a pan-cancer analysis of EPOR by bioinformatics methods. Several databases such as GTEx, TCGA, CCLE, and others were used to explore the overall situation of EPOR expression, and the correlation of EPOR expression with prognosis, microRNAs (miRNAs), immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint genes, chemokines, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), methyltransferases, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes in 33 tumors was analyzed. In addition, we compared the promoter methylation levels of EPOR in cancer tissues with those in normal tissues and performed protein-protein interaction network, gene-disease network, and genetic alteration analyses of EPOR, and finally enrichment analysis of EPOR-interacting proteins, co-expressed genes, and differentially expressed genes. Results The TCGA database showed that EPOR expression was upregulated in BLCA, CHOL, HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, STAD, and THCA and downregulated in LUAD and LUSC. After combining the GTEx database, EPOR expression was found to be downregulated in 18 cancer tissues and upregulated in 6 cancer tissues. The CCLE database showed that EPOR expression was highest in LAML cell lines and lowest in HNSC cell lines. Survival analysis showed that high EPOR expression was positively correlated with OS in LUAD and PAAD and negatively correlated with OS in COAD, KIRC, and MESO. Moreover, EPOR had a good prognostic ability for COAD, LUAD, MESO, and PAAD and also influenced progression-free survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free survival, and progression-free interval in specific tumors. Further, EPOR was found to play a non-negligible role in tumor immunity, and a correlation of EPOR with miRNAs, TMB, MSI, and MMR genes and methyltransferases was confirmed to some extent. In addition, the enrichment analysis revealed that EPOR is involved in multiple cancer-related pathways. Conclusion The general situation of EPOR expression in cancer provided a valuable clinical reference. EPOR may be target gene of hsa-miR-575, etc. A pan-cancer analysis of panoramic schema revealed that EPOR not only may play an important role in mediating EPO-induced erythroblast proliferation and differentiation but also has potential value in tumor immunity and is expected to be a prognostic marker for specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Senyu Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Songtao Han
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Clinical Laboratory Center, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yangchun Feng
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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Thiruthaneeswaran N, Bibby BAS, Yang L, Hoskin PJ, Bristow RG, Choudhury A, West C. Lost in application: Measuring hypoxia for radiotherapy optimisation. Eur J Cancer 2021; 148:260-276. [PMID: 33756422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The history of radiotherapy is intertwined with research on hypoxia. There is level 1a evidence that giving hypoxia-targeting treatments with radiotherapy improves locoregional control and survival without compromising late side-effects. Despite coming in and out of vogue over decades, there is now an established role for hypoxia in driving molecular alterations promoting tumour progression and metastases. While tumour genomic complexity and immune profiling offer promise, there is a stronger evidence base for personalising radiotherapy based on hypoxia status. Despite this, there is only one phase III trial targeting hypoxia modification with full transcriptomic data available. There are no biomarkers in routine use for patients undergoing radiotherapy to aid management decisions, and a roadmap is needed to ensure consistency and provide a benchmark for progression to application. Gene expression signatures address past limitations of hypoxia biomarkers and could progress biologically optimised radiotherapy. Here, we review recent developments in generating hypoxia gene expression signatures and highlight progress addressing the challenges that must be overcome to pave the way for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niluja Thiruthaneeswaran
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Becky A S Bibby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lingjang Yang
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; CRUK Manchester Institute and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Catharine West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Calori IR, Bi H, Tedesco AC. Expanding the Limits of Photodynamic Therapy: The Design of Organelles and Hypoxia-Targeting Nanomaterials for Enhanced Photokilling of Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:195-228. [PMID: 35014281 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive clinical protocol that combines a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS), appropriate visible light, and molecular oxygen for cancer treatment. This triad generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ, leading to different cell death pathways and limiting the arrival of nutrients by irreversible destruction of the tumor vascular system. Despite the number of formulations and applications available, the advancement of therapy is hindered by some characteristics such as the hypoxic condition of solid tumors and the limited energy density (light fluence) that reaches the target. As a result, the use of PDT as a definitive monotherapy for cancer is generally restricted to pretumor lesions or neoplastic tissue of approximately 1 cm in size. To expand this limitation, researchers have synthesized functional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of carrying classical photosensitizers with self-supplying oxygen as well as targeting specific organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes. This has improved outcomes in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights the basis of PDT, many of the most commonly used strategies of functionalization of smart NPs, and their potential to break the current limits of the classical protocol of PDT against cancer. The application and future perspectives of the multifunctional nanoparticles in PDT are also discussed in some detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Rodrigo Calori
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China
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Combined treatment with acetazolamide and cisplatin enhances the chemosensitivity of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma TU868 cells. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104905. [PMID: 32947166 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether combination of acetazolamide and cisplatin can enhance the chemosensitivity of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line TU868. METHODS MTT assay was performed to determine the effect of acetazolamide, cisplatin and their combination on the proliferation of TU868 cells. Then the effect of these 2 drugs on the expression of proliferation-related and apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot. Moreover, the effect of acetazolamide and cisplatin on the expression of aquaporin-1 was detected by RT-qPCR. Loss-of-function assays was performed to assess whether the effect of acetazolamide and cisplatin on TU868 cells was mediated by aquaporin-1. The effect of acetazolamide and cisplatin on tumor cell growth was confirmed in mice by testing the tumor growth size. RESULTS Acetazolamide and cisplatin treatment displayed synergistic effects on the inhibition of TU868 cell growth compared with the drugs used alone. Moreover, the acetazolamide/cisplatin combination could decrease the level of PCNA but increase the level of p53; decrease the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and increase the expression of caspase-3 compared with the single drug treated group. Moreover, we found that the combination also significantly inhibits aquaporin-1 expression. Loss-of-function assays suggested that the anti-tumor effect of these 2 drugs was achieved via affecting aquaporin-1. Consistent with the in vitro assays, combined treatment with acetazolamide and cisplatin significantly inhibits the tumor growth in mice compared with the single drug treated group. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that combined treatment with acetazolamide and cisplatin could synergistically inhibit the malignant development of HNSCC cells.
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Abstract
The misuse of sport-related gene transfer methods in elite athletes is a real and growing concern. The success of gene therapy in the treatment of hereditary diseases has been most evident since targets in gene therapy products can be used in healthy individuals to improve sports performance. Performing these practices threatens the sporting character of competitions and may pose potential health hazards. Since the World Anti-Doping Agency pronouncement on the prohibition of such practices in 2003, several researchers have been trying to address the challenge of developing an effective method for the detection of genetic doping. This review presents an overview of the published methods developed for this purpose, the advantages and limitations of technologies and the putative target genes. At last, we present the perspective related to the application of the detection methods in the doping control field.
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