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He P, Dai Q, Wu X. New insight in urological cancer therapy: From epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to application of nano-biomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115672. [PMID: 36906272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A high number of cancer-related deaths (up to 90) are due to metastasis and simple definition of metastasis is new colony formation of tumor cells in a secondary site. In tumor cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulates metastasis and invasion, and it is a common characteristic of malignant tumors. Prostate cancer, bladder cancer and renal cancer are three main types of urological tumors that their malignant and aggressive behaviors are due to abnormal proliferation and metastasis. EMT has been well-documented as a mechanism for promoting invasion of tumor cells and in the current review, a special attention is directed towards understanding role of EMT in malignancy, metastasis and therapy response of urological cancers. The invasion and metastatic characteristics of urological tumors enhance due to EMT induction and this is essential for ensuring survival and ability in developing new colonies in neighboring and distant tissues and organs. When EMT induction occurs, malignant behavior of tumor cells enhances and their tend in developing therapy resistance especially chemoresistance promotes that is one of the underlying reasons for therapy failure and patient death. The lncRNAs, microRNAs, eIF5A2, Notch-4 and hypoxia are among common modulators of EMT mechanism in urological tumors. Moreover, anti-tumor compounds such as metformin can be utilized in suppressing malignancy of urological tumors. Besides, genes and epigenetic factors modulating EMT mechanism can be therapeutically targeted for interfering malignancy of urological tumors. Nanomaterials are new emerging agents in urological cancer therapy that they can improve potential of current therapeutics by their targeted delivery to tumor site. The important hallmarks of urological cancers including growth, invasion and angiogenesis can be suppressed by cargo-loaded nanomaterials. Moreover, nanomaterials can improve chemotherapy potential in urological cancer elimination and by providing phototherapy, they mediate synergistic tumor suppression. The clinical application depends on development of biocompatible nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Rodenas MC, Peñas-Martínez J, Pardo-Sánchez I, Zaragoza-Huesca D, Ortega-Sabater C, Peña-García J, Espín S, Ricote G, Montenegro S, Ayala-De La Peña F, Luengo-Gil G, Nieto A, García-Molina F, Vicente V, Bernardi F, Lozano ML, Mulero V, Pérez-Sánchez H, Carmona-Bayonas A, Martínez-Martínez I. Venetoclax is a potent hepsin inhibitor that reduces the metastatic and prothrombotic phenotypes of hepsin-expressing colorectal cancer cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1182925. [PMID: 37275957 PMCID: PMC10235687 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1182925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepsin is a type II transmembrane serine protease and its expression has been linked to greater tumorigenicity and worse prognosis in different tumors. Recently, our group demonstrated that high hepsin levels from primary tumor were associated with a higher risk of metastasis and thrombosis in localized colorectal cancer patients. This study aims to explore the molecular role of hepsin in colorectal cancer. Methods: Hepsin levels in plasma from resected and metastatic colorectal cancer patients were analyzed by ELISA. The effect of hepsin levels on cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, as well as on the activation of crucial cancer signaling pathways, was performed in vitro using colorectal cancer cells. A thrombin generation assay determined the procoagulant function of hepsin from these cells. A virtual screening of a database containing more than 2000 FDA-approved compounds was performed to screen hepsin inhibitors, and selected compounds were tested in vitro for their ability to suppress hepsin effects in colorectal cancer cells. Xenotransplantation assays were done in zebrafish larvae to study the impact of venetoclax on invasion promoted by hepsin. Results: Our results showed higher plasma hepsin levels in metastatic patients, among which, hepsin was higher in those suffering thrombosis. Hepsin overexpression increased colorectal cancer cell invasion, Erk1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, and thrombin generation in plasma. In addition, we identified venetoclax as a potent hepsin inhibitor that reduced the metastatic and prothrombotic phenotypes of hepsin-expressing colorectal cancer cells. Interestingly, pretreatment with Venetoclax of cells overexpressing hepsin reduced their invasiveness in vivo. Discussion: Our results demonstrate that hepsin overexpression correlates with a more aggressive and prothrombotic tumor phenotype. Likewise, they demonstrate the antitumor role of venetoclax as a hepsin inhibitor, laying the groundwork for molecular-targeted therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Rodenas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julia Peñas-Martínez
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Pardo-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Zaragoza-Huesca
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortega-Sabater
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Computer Engineering Department, Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Salvador Espín
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ricote
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sofía Montenegro
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Ayala-De La Peña
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ginés Luengo-Gil
- Clinical Analysis and Pathology Department, Group of Molecular Pathology and Pharmacogenetics, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Andrés Nieto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Vicente
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - María Luisa Lozano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Computer Engineering Department, Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Alberto Carmona-Bayonas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Heydari Z, Moudi E, Sadeghi F, Hajiahmadi M, Rezatabar S, Neamati N, Parsian H. Circulating plasma miR222-3P status and its potential diagnostic performance in prostate cancer. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3459. [PMID: 36279183 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies suggest that miR222-3p is dysregulated in prostate cancer (PC) cells and tissues, the possible changes in the level of miR222-3p in the plasma samples of PC patients remained unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the plasma miR222-3p expression level as a potential biomarker in PC, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and healthy people. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 100 adult males (54 patients with PC, 27 patients with BPH and 19 healthy individuals) referred to our affiliated hospital. The expression level of miR222-3p was evaluated using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate miR222-3p diagnostic accuracy for discriminating between the PC, BPH and healthy individuals. RESULTS The expression level of miR222-3p was significantly higher in PC patients compared to healthy individuals as a fold change of 5.3 (p = 0.009), but not for BPH individuals. The diagnostic value of the plasma miR222-3p for discrimination of the PC patients from healthy individuals was reasonable [cut-off value (fold change relative to miR16-5p) = 1.69, area under the curve = 0.73, sensitivity = 0.75 and specificity = 0.74]. CONCLUSIONS Circulating plasma miR-222-3p significantly upregulated in PC patients, but not in BPH ones. Besides these preliminary results showed that miR222-3p has the potential to discriminate PC patients from healthy ones. Addittional studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Emadoddin Moudi
- Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol Univbersity of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hajiahmadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Setareh Rezatabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nahid Neamati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Zaragoza-Huesca D, Nieto-Olivares A, García-Molina F, Ricote G, Montenegro S, Sánchez-Cánovas M, Garrido-Rodríguez P, Peñas-Martínez J, Vicente V, Martínez F, Lozano ML, Carmona-Bayonas A, Martínez-Martínez I. Implication of Hepsin from Primary Tumor in the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133106. [PMID: 35804878 PMCID: PMC9264764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepsin is a type II transmembrane serine protease whose deregulation promotes tumor invasion by proteolysis of the pericellular components. In colorectal cancer, the implication of hepsin is unknown. Consequently, we aimed to study the correlations between hepsin expression and different clinical-histopathological variables in 169 patients with localized colorectal cancer and 118 with metastases. Tissue microarrays were produced from samples at diagnosis of primary tumors and stained with an anti-hepsin antibody. Hepsin expression was correlated with clinical-histopathological variables by using the chi-square and Kruskal−Wallis tests, Kaplan−Meier and Aalen−Johansen estimators, and Cox and Fine and Gray multivariate models. In localized cancer patients, high-intensity hepsin staining was associated with reduced 5-year disease-free survival (p-value = 0.16). Medium and high intensity of hepsin expression versus low expression was associated with an increased risk of metastatic relapse (hazard ratio 2.83, p-value = 0.035 and hazard ratio 3.30, p-value = 0.012, respectively), being a better prognostic factor than classic histological variables. Additionally, in patients with localized tumor, 5-year thrombosis cumulative incidence increased with the increment of hepsin expression (p-value = 0.038). Medium and high intensities of hepsin with respect to low intensity were associated with an increase in thrombotic risk (hazard ratio 7.71, p-value = 0.043 and hazard ratio 9.02, p-value = 0.028, respectively). This relationship was independent of previous tumor relapse (p-value = 0.036). Among metastatic patients, low hepsin expression was associated with a low degree of tumor differentiation (p-value < 0.001) and with major metastatic dissemination (p-value = 0.023). Hepsin is a potential thrombotic and metastatic biomarker in patients with localized colorectal cancer. In metastatic patients, hepsin behaves in a paradoxical way with respect to differentiation and invasion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zaragoza-Huesca
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Andrés Nieto-Olivares
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco García-Molina
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (F.G.-M.); (F.M.)
| | - Guillermo Ricote
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Sofía Montenegro
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Cánovas
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Pedro Garrido-Rodríguez
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Peñas-Martínez
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (F.G.-M.); (F.M.)
| | - María Luisa Lozano
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Carmona-Bayonas
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.-B.); (I.M.-M.); Tel.: +34-968-341-990 (A.C.-B. & I.M.-M.)
| | - Irene Martínez-Martínez
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-B.); (I.M.-M.); Tel.: +34-968-341-990 (A.C.-B. & I.M.-M.)
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Lu L, Cole A, Huang D, Wang Q, Guo Z, Yang W, Lu J. Clinical Significance of Hepsin and Underlying Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020203. [PMID: 35204704 PMCID: PMC8961580 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepsin gene encodes a type II transmembrane serine protease. Previous studies have shown the overexpression of hepsin in prostate cancer, and the dysregulation of hepsin promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The review incorporated with our work showed that hepsin expression levels were specifically increased in prostate cancer, and higher expression in metastatic tumors than in primary tumors was also observed. Moreover, increased expression was associated with poor outcomes for patients with prostate cancer. Using in silico protein–protein interaction prediction, mechanistic analysis showed that hepsin interacted with eight other oncogenic proteins, whose expression was significantly correlated with hepsin expression in prostate cancer. The oncogenic functions of hepsin are mainly linked to proteolytic activities that disrupt epithelial integrity and regulatorily interact with other genes to influence cell-proliferation, EMT/metastasis, inflammatory, and tyrosine-kinase-signaling pathways. Moreover, genomic amplifications of hepsin, not deletions or other alterations, were significantly associated with prostate cancer metastasis. Targeting hepsin using a specific inhibitor or antibodies significantly attenuates its oncogenic behaviors. Therefore, hepsin could be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Lu
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Adam Cole
- TruCore Pathology, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA;
| | - Dan Huang
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhongming Guo
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wancai Yang
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jim Lu
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (J.L.)
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PPP2R2A affects embryonic implantation by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of Hu sheep endometrial stromal cells. Theriogenology 2021; 176:149-162. [PMID: 34619436 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic implantation is a complex reproductive physiological process in mammals. Although several endometrial proteins affecting embryonic implantation have been reported in the past, there are still potential endometrial proteins that have been neglected, and their specific regulatory mechanisms are unclear. This study demonstrated that protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B55α (PPP2R2A) served as a novel regulator in medication of sheep embryonic implantation in vitro. Our results showed that sheep PPP2R2A encoded 447 amino acids and shared 91.74%-92.36% amino acid sequences with its orthologs compared with other species. Meanwhile, PPP2R2A was widely expressed in sheep uterine tissues, and it could regulate the expression levels of key regulators of embryonic implantation in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Knockdown of PPP2R2A significantly inhibited cell proliferation by blocking cell cycle transfer G0/G1 into S phase accompanied by downregulation of CDK2, CDK4, CCND1, CCNE1 and upregulation of P21. In contrast to PPP2R2A overexpression, PPP2R2A interference greatly promoted cell apoptosis and the expression of BAX, CASP3, CASP9 and BAX/BCL-2. Taken together, these results suggest that PPP2R2A, as a novel regulatory factor, affects embryonic implantation via regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of Hu sheep ESCs in vitro.
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Gu G, Hu C, Hui K, Zhang H, Chen T, Zhang X, Jiang X. Exosomal miR-136-5p Derived from Anlotinib-Resistant NSCLC Cells Confers Anlotinib Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Targeting PPP2R2A. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6329-6343. [PMID: 34556984 PMCID: PMC8455141 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anlotinib resistance is a challenge for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Understanding the underlying mechanisms against anlotinib resistance is of great importance to improve prognosis and treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods RT-qPCR assay was used to assess the level of miR-136-5p in anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells and exosomes derived from anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells. In addition, miR-136-5p level in tumor tissues from patients who exhibited a poor response to anlotinib therapy and patients who were therapy naïve or patients who exhibited a positive response to anlotinib therapy was detected by RT-qPCR assay. Results In this study, we found that high levels of plasma exosomal miR-136-5p is correlated with clinically poor anlotinib response. In addition, anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells promoted parental NSCLC cell proliferation via transferring functional miR-136-5p from anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells to parental NSCLC cells via exosomes. Moreover, exosomal miR-136-5p could endow NSCLC cells with anlotinib resistance by targeting PPP2R2A, leading to the activation of Akt pathway. Furthermore, miR-136-5p antagomir packaging into anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell-derived exosomes functionally restored NSCLC cell anlotinib sensitivity in vitro. Animal studies showed that A549/anlotinib cell-derived exosomal miR-136-5p agomir promoted A549 cell anlotinib resistance in vivo. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicated that anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell-derived exosomal miR-136-5p confers anlotinib resistance in NSCLC cells by targeting PPP2R2A, indicating miR-136-5p may act as a potential biomarker for anlotinib response in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Hui
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
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