1
|
Vialat M, Baabdaty E, Trousson A, Kocer A, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S, Morel L, de Joussineau C. Cholesterol Dietary Intake and Tumor Cell Homeostasis Drive Early Epithelial Tumorigenesis: A Potential Modelization of Early Prostate Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2153. [PMID: 38893271 PMCID: PMC11172085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies point to cholesterol as a possible key factor for both prostate cancer incidence and progression. It could represent a targetable metabolite as the most aggressive tumors also appear to be sensitive to therapies designed to decrease hypercholesterolemia, such as statins. However, it remains unknown whether and how cholesterol, through its dietary uptake and its metabolism, could be important for early tumorigenesis. Oncogene clonal induction in the Drosophila melanogaster accessory gland allows us to reproduce tumorigenesis from initiation to early progression, where tumor cells undergo basal extrusion to form extra-epithelial tumors. Here we show that these tumors accumulate lipids, and especially esterified cholesterol, as in human late carcinogenesis. Interestingly, a high-cholesterol diet has a limited effect on accessory gland tumorigenesis. On the contrary, cell-specific downregulation of cholesterol uptake, intracellular transport, or metabolic response impairs the formation of such tumors. Furthermore, in this context, a high-cholesterol diet suppresses this impairment. Interestingly, expression data from primary prostate cancer tissues indicate an early signature of redirection from cholesterol de novo synthesis to uptake. Taken together, these results reveal that during early tumorigenesis, tumor cells strongly increase their uptake and use of dietary cholesterol to specifically promote the step of basal extrusion. Hence, these results suggest the mechanism by which a reduction in dietary cholesterol could lower the risk and slow down the progression of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Vialat
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elissa Baabdaty
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ishikawa S, Umemura M, Nakakaji R, Nagasako A, Nagao K, Mizuno Y, Sugiura K, Kioi M, Mitsudo K, Ishikawa Y. EP4-induced mitochondrial localization and cell migration mediated by CALML6 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:567. [PMID: 38745046 PMCID: PMC11093972 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis, primarily caused by the migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, stands as a crucial prognostic marker. We have previously demonstrated that EP4, a subtype of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor, orchestrates OSCC cell migration via Ca2+ signaling. The exact mechanisms by which EP4 influences cell migration through Ca2+ signaling, however, is unclear. Our study aims to clarify how EP4 controls OSCC cell migration through this pathway. We find that activating EP4 with an agonist (ONO-AE1-473) increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and the migration of human oral cancer cells (HSC-3), but not human gingival fibroblasts (HGnF). Further RNA sequencing linked EP4 to calmodulin-like protein 6 (CALML6), whose role remains undefined in OSCC. Through protein-protein interaction network analysis, a strong connection is identified between CALML6 and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), with EP4 activation also boosting mitochondrial function. Overexpressing EP4 in HSC-3 cells increases experimental lung metastasis in mice, whereas inhibiting CaMKK2 with STO-609 markedly lowers these metastases. This positions CaMKK2 as a potential new target for treating OSCC metastasis. Our findings highlight CALML6 as a pivotal regulator in EP4-driven mitochondrial respiration, affecting cell migration and metastasis via the CaMKK2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Rina Nakakaji
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akane Nagasako
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kagemichi Nagao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Mizuno
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Sugiura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitomu Kioi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Izady M, Khatami F, Ahadi Z, Roudgari H, Aghamir SMK. Updates on Overcoming Bicalutamide Resistance: A Glimpse into Resistance to a Novel Antiandrogen. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:905-914. [PMID: 38633597 PMCID: PMC11020064 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The standard androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer includes the use of bicalutamide, which is a well-known antagonist of androgen receptors. Despite numerous benefits of the drugs in prostate cancer treatment, there is always a risk of developing a resistant phenotype, which paves the way for a more aggressive and low-survival type of prostate cancer. Over the years, many studies have investigated the candidate mechanisms of such resistance and have managed to find possible therapeutic solutions. In this Review, we shed light on the heterogeneous dynamics of progression to resistance against bicalutamide treatment, referring to the most recent studies and the approaches that have been so far discussed. This Review tries to offer a deep and comprehensive understanding about how the resistant cells become sensitive to the drug and what corresponding pathways lead to an appropriate solution for the antiandrogen resistance challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Izady
- Urology
Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Department
of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, School of Biology,
College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology
Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahadi
- Urology
Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Hassan Roudgari
- Genomic
Research Center (GRC), Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
- Department
of Applied Medicine, Medical School, Aberdeen
University, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo J, Chen S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Hu L, Yao K, Yu Y, Chen X. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological regulation and diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e476. [PMID: 38405060 PMCID: PMC10893558 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is crucial for cellular and systemic function. The disorder of cholesterol metabolism not only accelerates the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is also the fundamental cause of other ailments. The regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the human is an extremely complex process. Due to the dynamic balance between cholesterol synthesis, intake, efflux and storage, cholesterol metabolism generally remains secure. Disruption of any of these links is likely to have adverse effects on the body. At present, increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cholesterol metabolism is closely related to various systemic diseases. However, the exact mechanism by which cholesterol metabolism contributes to disease pathogenesis remains unclear, and there are still unknown factors. In this review, we outline the metabolic process of cholesterol in the human body, especially reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Then, we discuss separately the impact of abnormal cholesterol metabolism on common diseases and potential therapeutic targets for each disease, including CVD, tumors, neurological diseases, and immune system diseases. At the end of this review, we focus on the effect of cholesterol metabolism on eye diseases. In short, we hope to provide more new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases from the perspective of cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Guo
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Silong Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Luyang Jiang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Lidan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthThe Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jastrzebska I, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Grześ PA, Ratkiewicz A, Grabowska E, Czerniecka M, Czyżewska U, Tylicki A. New Steroidal Selenides as Proapoptotic Factors. Molecules 2023; 28:7528. [PMID: 38005248 PMCID: PMC10673341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects of selenium steroid derivatives against HeLa cells were determined. The highest cytostatic activity was shown by derivative 4 (GI50 25.0 µM, almost complete growth inhibition after three days of culture, and over 97% of apoptotic and dead cells at 200 µM). The results of our study (cell number measurements, apoptosis profile, relative expression of apoptosis-related APAF1, BID, and mevalonate pathway-involved HMGCR, SQLE, CYP51A1, and PDHB genes, and computational chemistry data) support the hypothesis that tested selenosteroids induce the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis by affecting the cell membrane as cholesterol antimetabolites. An additional mechanism of action is possible through a direct action of derivative 4 to inhibit PDHB expression in a way similar to steroid hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Paweł A Grześ
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Artur Ratkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Grabowska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czerniecka
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Czyżewska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Tylicki
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma L, Huang W, Liang X, Bai G, Wang X, Jiang H, Xin Y, Hu L, Chen X, Liu C. Inhibition of squalene epoxidase linking with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway suppresses endometrial cancer. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3595-3607. [PMID: 37438885 PMCID: PMC10475781 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor that lacks any therapeutic target and, in many cases, recurrence is the leading ca use of morbidity and mortality in women. Widely known EC has a strongly positive correlation with abnormal lipid metabolism. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE), a crucial enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway regulating lipid metabolic processes has been found to be associated with various cancers in recent years. Here, we focused on studying the role of SQLE in EC. Our study revealed that SQLE expression level was upregulated significantly in EC tissues. In vitro experiments showed that SQLE overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, and inhibited cell apoptosis of EC cells, whereas SQLE knockdown or use of terbinafine showed the opposite results. Furthermore, we found out that the promotional effect of SQLE on the proliferation of EC cells might be achieved by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, studies confirmed that the knockdown of SQLE or terbinafine can observably inhibit tumor growth in nude mice. These results indicate that SQLE may promote the progression of EC by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, SQLE is a potential target for EC treatment and its inhibitor, terbinafine, has the potential to become a targeted drug for EC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu ProvinceThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wunan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu ProvinceThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaolei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu ProvinceThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Guannan Bai
- The Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yang Xin
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Lidan Hu
- The Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu ProvinceThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang H, Du H, Liu Y, Tian X, Xia J, Yang S. Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for osteosarcoma: a bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in the mesenchymal stem cells from single-cell sequencing data set. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 11:3841-3852. [PMID: 36388032 PMCID: PMC9641133 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in osteosarcoma (OS) growth and progression. This study conducted a bioinformatics analysis of a single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing data set and explored the MSC-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in advanced OS. METHODS MSC-specific DEGs from GSE152048 was extracted using Seurat R package. These DEGs were then subjected to the functional analysis, and several key genes were further identified and underwent a prognosis analysis. RESULTS A total of 234 upregulated and 280 downregulated DEGs were identified between the MSCs and other cells, and a total of 188 upregulated and 158 downregulated DEGs were identified between the MSCs and osteoblastic cells. The Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis showed that the specific DEGs between the MSCs and osteoblastic cells were enriched in GO terms such as "collagen catabolic process", "positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation", "osteoblast differentiation", "regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria" and "interleukin-1 production". The specific DEGs between the MSCs and osteoblastic cells were subjected to a protein-protein interaction network analysis. Further, a survival analysis of 20 genes with combined scores >0.94 revealed that the low expression of ANXA1 (annexin A1) and TPM1 (tropomyosin 1) was associated with the shorter overall survival of OS patients, while the high expression of FDPS (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase), IFITM5 (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5), FKBP11 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 11), SP7, and SQLE (squalene epoxidase) was associated with the shorter overall survival of OS patients. In a further analysis, we compared the expression of ANXA1, FDPS, IFITM5, FKBP11, SP7, SQLE, and TPM1 between the MSCs and high-grade OS cells. Further validation studies using the GSE42352 data set revealed that ANXA1, FKBP11, SP7, and TPM1 were more upregulated in the MSCs than the high-grade OS cells, while FDPS, IFITM5, and SQLE were more downregulated in the MSCs than the high-grade OS cells. CONCLUSIONS Our bioinformatics analysis revealed 7 hub genes derived from the specific DEGs between the MSCs and osteoblastic cells. The 7 hub genes may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoli Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyuan Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University & the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Department of Hand and Micro-Vasscular Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University & the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Jinquan Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shucai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen (Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University), Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Metabolic changes during prostate cancer development and progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2259-2270. [PMID: 36151426 PMCID: PMC10097763 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been recognised as a hallmark in solid tumours. Malignant modification of the tumour's bioenergetics provides energy for tumour growth and progression. Otto Warburg first reported these metabolic and biochemical changes in 1927. In prostate cancer (PCa) epithelial cells, the tumour metabolism also changes during development and progress. These alterations are partly driven by the androgen receptor, the key regulator in PCa development, progress, and survival. In contrast to other epithelial cells of different entities, glycolytic metabolism in prostate cells sustains physiological citrate secretion in the normal prostatic epithelium. In the early stages of PCa, citrate is utilised to power oxidative phosphorylation and fuel lipogenesis, enabling tumour growth and progression. In advanced and incurable castration-resistant PCa, a metabolic shift towards choline, amino acid, and glycolytic metabolism fueling tumour growth and progression has been described. Therefore, even if the metabolic changes are not fully understood, the altered metabolism during tumour progression may provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies, especially in advanced PCa stages. This review focuses on the main differences in PCa's metabolism during tumourigenesis and progression highlighting glutamine's role in PCa.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zou Y, Zhang H, Bi F, Tang Q, Xu H. Targeting the key cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme squalene monooxygenasefor cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:938502. [PMID: 36091156 PMCID: PMC9449579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.938502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is often dysregulated in cancer. Squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) is the second rate-limiting enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis. Since the discovery of SQLE dysregulation in cancer, compelling evidence has indicated that SQLE plays a vital role in cancer initiation and progression and is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the role and regulation of SQLE in cancer and summarize the updates of antitumor therapy targeting SQLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiulin Tang, ; Huanji Xu,
| | - Huanji Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiulin Tang, ; Huanji Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang J, Freyhult E, Buckland R, Josefsson A, Damber JE, Welén K. Osteoclasts directly influence castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:801-814. [PMID: 35971022 PMCID: PMC9474581 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis to bone is the leading cause of death from prostate cancer. Interaction between tumor cells and bone cells can promote progression and influence tumor phenotype. It is known that prostate cancer cells support osteoclast differentiation, and degradation of bone matrix by osteoclasts releases growth factors stimulating tumor cell proliferation and invasion. In the present study osteolytic (PC-3) and osteoblastic (LNCaP-19) castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells were co-cultured with mature osteoclasts or their precursor cells (RAW 264.7) to characterize direct effects of mature osteoclasts on CRPC cells. Osteoclasts increased proliferation and decrease apoptosis of CRPC cells as assessed with flow cytometry. RNA sequencing revealed that osteolytic CRPC cells were more responsive to osteoclast stimulation regarding gene expression, but the overall induced expression patterns were similar between the prostate cancer cell lines. Genes related to DNA repair were upregulated by osteoclasts, while genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and cholesterol synthesis were downregulated. The results of this study shows that osteoclasts directly influence CRPC cells, increasing proliferation, decreasing apoptosis, and affecting gene expression pathways that can affect sensitivity to DNA damage and endoplasmic reticulum function. This suggests targeting of osteoclasts to be a possible way to affect efficacy of other drugs by combination regimens in treating prostate cancer metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Buckland
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Urology & Andrology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Josefsson
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Urology & Andrology, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang N, Yang Y, Huang Z, Chen HW. Deregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis by a Nuclear Hormone Receptor Crosstalk in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3110. [PMID: 35804882 PMCID: PMC9265016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) features high intratumoral cholesterol levels, due to aberrant regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ), an attractive therapeutic target for cancer and autoimmune diseases, is strongly implicated in prostate cancer progression. We demonstrate in this study that in mCRPC cells and tumors, RORγ plays a crucial role in deregulation of cholesterol homeostasis. First, we found that RORγ activates the expression of key cholesterol biosynthesis proteins, including HMGCS1, HMGCR, and SQLE. Interestingly, we also found that RORγ inhibition induces cholesterol efflux gene program including ABCA1, ABCG1 and ApoA1. Our further studies revealed that liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ), the master regulators of cholesterol efflux pathway, mediate the function of RORγ in repression of cholesterol efflux. Finally, we demonstrated that RORγ antagonist in combination with statins has synergistic effect in killing mCRPC cells through blocking statin-induced feedback induction of cholesterol biosynthesis program and that the combination treatment also elicits stronger anti-tumor effects than either alone. Altogether, our work revealed that in mCRPC, RORγ contributes to aberrant cholesterol homeostasis by induction of cholesterol biosynthesis program and suppression of cholesterol efflux genes. Our findings support a therapeutic strategy of targeting RORγ alone or in combination with statin for effective treatment of mCRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianxin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (N.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yatian Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (N.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zenghong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (N.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (N.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
- National Cancer Institute Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| |
Collapse
|