1
|
Wang L, Shi C, Yu J, Xu Y. FOXM1-induced TYMS upregulation promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:47. [PMID: 35093082 PMCID: PMC8801073 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and one of the major causes of cancer-related death. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) catalyzes the methylation of deoxy guanosine to deoxy thymidylate, which is a crucial gene for DNA repair and replication. Thus, TYMS was reported to be closely associated with developing a variety of tumors, but it has been poorly studied in HCC.
Materials and methods
We used the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), BrdU, and CFSE assay to measure cell proliferation. The flow cytometry assay and the TUNEL assay were used for assessing cell apoptosis. The flow cytometry assay was used to analyze the cell cycle. The Transwell invasion assay and the wound healing assay were conducted to determine the invasive ability of the cells. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of specific genes, respectively.
Results
TYMS was found to be upregulated in both HCC cells and patient samples. High expression of TYMS was associated with an unfavorable prognosis in HCC patients based on the TCGA-LIHC dataset. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion assays revealed that TYMS promoted the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells as well as inhibited apoptosis. In addition, TYMS is a downstream target of FOXM1. TYMS knockdown reversed the 5-FU resistance caused by FOXM1 overexpression and re-sensitized HCC cells to 5-FU treatment.
Conclusion
This study suggested that TYMS serves as an oncogene in HCC, and targeting the FOXM1-TYMS axis may help improve the survival of HCC patients as well as provide new insights for treating advanced HCC patients.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin CY, Hung CC, Wang CCN, Lin HY, Huang SH, Sheu MJ. Demethoxycurcumin sensitizes the response of non-small cell lung cancer to cisplatin through downregulation of TP and ERCC1-related pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:28-36. [PMID: 30668408 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) overexpression in lung cancer cells is strongly correlated with its resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Overexpression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) reverts platinum-induced cancer cell death. PURPOSE Curcumin has been reported to enhance antitumor properties through the suppression of TP and ERCC1 in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells (NSCLC). Nevertheless, whether two other curcuminoids, demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) from Curcuma longa demonstrate antitumor activity like that of curcumin remain unknown. METHODS MTT assay was conducted to determine the cell cytotoxicity. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expressions. Docking is the virtual screening of a database of compounds and predicting the strongest binders based on various scoring functions. BIOVIA Discovery Studio 4.5 (D.S. 4.5) were used for docking. RESULTS Firstly, when compared with curcumin and BDMC, DMC exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect on NSCLC, most importantly, MRC-5, a lung fetal fibroblast, was insensitive to DMC (under 30 µM). Secondly, DMC alone significantly inhibited on-target cisplatin (CDDP) resistance protein, ERCC1, via PI3K-Akt-snail pathways, and TP protein expression in A549 cells. Thirdly, DMC treatment markedly increased post-target CDDP resistance pathway including Bax and cytochrome c. DMC significantly decreased Bcl-2 protein expressions. Finally, MTT assay indicated that DMC significantly increased CDDP-induced cytotoxicity and was confirmed with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, indicating upregulation of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that enhancement of the cytotoxicity to CDDP by coadminstration with DMC was mediated by down-regulation of the expression of TP and ERCC1, regulated by PI3K-Akt-Snail pathway inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Hung
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Charles C N Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jyh Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee SW, Park H, Lee HY, Sohn I, Lee SH, Kang J, Sun JM, Ahn MJ. Deciphering Clinicoradiologic Phenotype for Thymidylate Synthase Expression Status in Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Using a Radiomics Approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8968. [PMID: 29895834 PMCID: PMC5997691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify predictive clinicoradiologic characteristics of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression status in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients. We reviewed clinicoradiologic features of 169 patients stratified into TS-negative (n = 84) and TS-positive (n = 85) groups, including quantitative CT radiomic features of both primary lung and metastatic lesions from initial CT and PET. Clinical factors including age and smoking history were significantly associated with TS as well as radiomic features. The predictive performance for dichotomizing TS expression status was slightly higher when imaging features of primary lung lesions were added compared to the model based solely on the clinical features, but without statistical significance (10-fold cross-validated AUC = 0.619 and 0.581, respectively; P = 0.425). The predictive performance of clinicoradiologic parameters slightly increased with primary lung lesions only compared to the inclusion of metastatic lesions, but without statistical significance (10-fold cross-validated AUC = 0.619 and 0.554, respectively; P = 0.203). Overall survival was prolonged in the TS-negative group compared to the TS-positive group (P = 0.001). TS-negativity is a potential prognostic biomarker, and our study presents that although CT radiomic features have potential for predicting TS expression status, clinical significance is uncertain. The addition of radiomic features to clinical factors did not show significant improvement in predicting TS-negativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Won Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Insuk Sohn
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Lee
- Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Pathology, Inchun St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Inchun, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gajjar KK, Vora HH, Kobawala TP, Trivedi TI, Ghosh NR. Deciphering the potential value of 5-fluorouracil metabolic enzymes in predicting prognosis and treatment response of colorectal cancer patients. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:180-188. [DOI: 10.1177/1724600817748539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: 5-flourouracil (5-FU) is one of the standard chemotherapeutic drugs used today in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Disruption of 5-FU metabolic pathway may contribute to altered effectiveness towards 5-FU-based therapy. Hence, the study of 5-FU metabolizing enzymes might have the potential efficacy to predict survival and response to treatment in colorectal cancer patients. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical localization of 5-FU metabolic enzymes (TS, MTHFR, DPYD, and TP) was evaluated in 143 untreated patients with colorectal cancer; their prognostic and predictive values were also evaluated. Results: Immuno-positivity for TS, MTHFR, DPYD, and TP was observed in 77%, 75%, 88%, and 96% of colorectal cancer patients, respectively. Univariate survival analysis in total patients showed that low DPYD expression significantly predicted adverse overall survival ( P=0.042). Moreover, subgroup of colon cancer patients with low TS expression was associated with unfavorable prognosis. TP expression also emerged as a prognosticator in the subgroup of early and advanced stage patients. Additionally, when effect of co-expression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes was evaluated in total patients, low coexpression of all four proteins was predictive of poor overall survival than for individuals expressing high coexpression of these proteins ( P=0.045). In contrast, none of the 5-FU metabolic enzymes—either singly or on coexpression—emerged as a useful biomarker of potential therapeutic value when evaluated in the subgroup of patients treated with 5-FU alone or 5-FU plus oxaliplatin. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that coexpression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes possess significant prognostic value and could be useful biomarkers in colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal K. Gajjar
- Tumor Biology Lab 2, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| | - Hemangini H. Vora
- Immuno-haematology Lab 1, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| | - Toral P. Kobawala
- Tumor Biology Lab 2, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| | - Trupti I. Trivedi
- Clinical Carcinogenesis Lab 3, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| | - Nandita R. Ghosh
- Tumor Biology Lab 2, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Okano Y, Kuramochi H, Nakajima G, Katagiri S, Yamamoto M. Elevated levels of mRNAs encoding dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase are associated with improved survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with S-1. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:930-936. [PMID: 28693254 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) are associated with the response of tumors to fluoropyrimidines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the levels of TYMS and DPYD mRNAs and the efficacy of S-1 for treating patients with HCC. A total of 35 patients with HCC who received S-1 upon recurrence (S-1 group) and 20 patients who never received a fluoropyrimidine (control group) were studied. The levels of TYMS and DPYD mRNA in surgically resected specimens were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. Overall survival (OS) time of S-1 group patients with high levels of DPYD mRNA was significantly longer compared with that of patients with low levels (median 501 days vs. 225 days; P=0.016). Similarly, the OS time of those patients with high levels of TYMS mRNA was significantly longer compared with those with low levels (median 503 days vs. 239 days; P=0.0076). By contrast, there was no difference in OS time of the control group between patients with high and low levels of DPYD and TYMS mRNAs. The levels of TYMS and DPYD mRNAs may serve as predictive markers for patients with HCC who receive S-1 chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okano
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shunjukuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kuramochi
- Department of Chemotherapy and Palliative Care, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shunjukuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Chiba 276-8524, Japan
| | - Go Nakajima
- Department of Chemotherapy and Palliative Care, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shunjukuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katagiri
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shunjukuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Chiba 276-8524, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shunjukuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu B, Zhang H, Zhang T, Cai Y, Hu Y, Zheng H, Li B. Topoisomerase I expression is associated with prognosis in postoperative non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 2016; 7:486-94. [PMID: 27385993 PMCID: PMC4930970 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers may help to improve non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis. However, the prognostic effect of topoisomerase I (Topo I) on NSCLC is unknown. We evaluated the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of tumor Topo I and thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression in postoperative NSCLC patients. Methods One hundred and fifteen patients with postoperative NSCLC were enrolled. Topo I and TS protein were detected in removed tumors by immunohistochemistry. The correlations between Topo I/TS protein expression and clinicopathologic characters and outcomes of patients were analyzed. Results Increased expression of Topo I was found in 57 (49.6%) tumors. The largest diameter of the tumor was significantly different between patients with high and low Topo I expression (P = 0.035). TS staining showed that 35 (30.4%) carcinomas were TS positive. The level of TS expression was correlated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.037). Patients with low Topo I expression had significantly longer overall survival (OS) than those with high expression (P = 0.004). The correlation between Topo I expression and OS was demonstrated among patients with squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.030) and patients in pathological tumor node metastasis stage I (P = 0.027). Topo I expression was positively correlated with TS expression in tumor tissue (R = 0.251, P = 0.007). Conclusions Low Topo I expression is an independent favorable prognostic factor for longer OS in postoperative NSCLC patients, especially in squamous cell carcinoma. There is a correlation between the expression of TS and Topo I in removed tumor tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yiran Cai
- Division of Pathology Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Medical Oncology Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Division of Medical Oncology Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Baolan Li
- Division of Medical Oncology Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma Y, Lin Y, Zou B, Liu W, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Huang Y, Yang Y, Fang W, Zhao Y, Sheng J, Qin T, Hu Z, Zhang L, Zhao H. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analyses of 5-Fluorouracil in East-Asian Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 55:1205-1216. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-016-0395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Expression of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit-2 and Thymidylate Synthase Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Resected Stages I-III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:302649. [PMID: 26663950 PMCID: PMC4664813 DOI: 10.1155/2015/302649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers can help to identify patients with early-stages or locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have high risk of relapse and poor prognosis. To correlate the expression of seven biomarkers involved in DNA synthesis and repair and in cell division with clinical outcome, we consecutively collected 82 tumour tissues from radically resected NSCLC patients. The following biomarkers were investigated using IHC and qRT-PCR: excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), ribonucleotide reductase subunits M1 and M2 (RRM1 and RRM2), subunit p53R2, thymidylate synthase (TS), and class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3). Gene expression levels were also validated in an available NSCLC microarray dataset. Multivariate analysis identified the protein overexpression of RRM2 and TS as independent prognostic factors of shorter overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a trend in shorter OS for patients with RRM2, TS, and ERCC1, BRCA1 overexpressed tumours. For all of the biomarkers except TUBB3, the OS trends relative to the gene expression levels were in agreement with those relative to the protein expression levels. The NSCLC microarray dataset showed RRM2 and TS as biomarkers significantly associated with OS. This study suggests that high expression levels of RRM2 and TS might be negative prognostic factors for resected NSCLC patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism on the response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7151-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|