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Yan S, Ji J, Zhang Z, Imam M, Chen H, Zhang D, Wang J. Targeting the crosstalk between estrogen receptors and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer treatment: Advances and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116615. [PMID: 38663101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play a critical role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor are the primary receptors for estrogen in breast cancer. These receptors are mainly activated by binding with estrogens. The crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors creates additional pathways that amplify the effects of their ligands and promote tumor growth. This crosstalk may cause endocrine therapy resistance in ERα-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, this may explain the resistance to anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) treatment in ERα-/HER2-positive breast cancer and chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand the complex crosstalk between ERs and growth factor receptors. In this review, we delineate the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer. Moreover, this review highlights the current progress in clinical treatment and discusses how pharmaceuticals target the crosstalk. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and propose potential solutions regarding the implications of targeting crosstalk via pharmacological inhibition. Overall, the present review provides a landscape of the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer, along with valuable insights for future studies and clinical treatments using a chemotherapy-sparing regimen to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Jiale Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Murshid Imam
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
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Shahid A, Santos SG, Lin C, Huang Y. Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Tobacco Smoking-Associated Lung Cancer Development. Biomedicines 2024; 12:563. [PMID: 38540176 PMCID: PMC10967781 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health concern, with lung cancer consistently leading as one of the most common malignancies. Genetic aberrations involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are known to be associated with cancer initiation and development, but RTK involvement in smoking-associated lung cancer cases is not well understood. The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) is a receptor that plays a critical role in lung cancer development. Its signaling pathway affects the growth and survival of cancer cells, and high expression is linked to poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. Several reports have shown that by activating IGF-1R, tobacco smoke-related carcinogens promote lung cancer and chemotherapy resistance. However, the relationship between IGF-1R and cancer is complex and can vary depending on the type of cancer. Ongoing investigations are focused on developing therapeutic strategies to target IGF-1R and overcome chemotherapy resistance. Overall, this review explores the intricate connections between tobacco smoke-specific carcinogens and the IGF-1R pathway in lung carcinogenesis. This review further highlights the challenges in using IGF-1R inhibitors as targeted therapy for lung cancer due to structural similarities with insulin receptors. Overcoming these obstacles may require a comprehensive approach combining IGF-1R inhibition with other selective agents for successful cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Shaira Gail Santos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Carol Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
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Franco AFDV, Malinverni ACM, Waitzberg AFL. Immunoexpression of HER2 pathway related markers in HER2 invasive breast carcinomas treated with trastuzumab. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 252:154917. [PMID: 37977031 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the immunoexpression of potential markers involved in the HER2 pathway in invasive breast carcinoma with HER2 amplification treated with trastuzumab. METHODS Samples of ninety patients diagnosed and treated at two public Brazilian hospitals with overexpressed invasive carcinoma between 2009 and 2018 were included. Several markers (Bcl-2, CDK4, cyclin D1, EGFR, IGF1, IGF-1R, MDM2, MUC4, p16, p21, p27, p53, PTEN, RA, TNFα, and VEGF) were immune analyzed in the tumor by immunohistochemistry and then correlated with clinicopathological variables. RESULTS Tumor sample expression results determined potential markers of good prognosis with statistically significant values: cyclin D1 with a nuclear grade, and recurrence; IGF-1 with tumor size, and death; p16 with a response after treatment; PTEN with a response after treatment, and death. Markers of poor prognosis: p53 with histological, and nuclear grade; IGF-1R with a compromised lymph node. The treatment resistance rate after trastuzumab was 40%; the overall survival was 4.13 years (95% CI 5.1-12.5) and the disease-free survival was 3.6 years (95% CI 5.1-13.1). CONCLUSIONS The tumor samples profile demonstrated that cyclin D1, IGF-1, p16, and PTEN presented the potential for a good prognosis and p53 and IGF-1R for worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fabiana do Vale Franco
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Cristina Moraes Malinverni
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Flavia Logullo Waitzberg
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bulatowicz JJ, Wood TL. Activation Versus Inhibition of IGF1R: A Dual Role in Breast Tumorigenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:911079. [PMID: 35784559 PMCID: PMC9247239 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.911079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the body of literature surrounding the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R) has described a largely pro-tumorigenic role in breast cancer cells and in several transgenic or xenograft mouse models of breast cancer. Interestingly, however, more recent evidence has emerged that suggests an additional, previously undescribed, tumor and metastasis suppressive function for IGF1R in both human breast tumors and mammary oncogenesis in mice. These seemingly conflicting reports can be reconciled when considering what is currently known about IGF1R function in the context of tissue development and cancer as it relates to cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In this mini review, we will summarize the currently existing data with a particular focus on mouse models that have been developed to study IGF1R function in mammary development, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in vivo and propose hypotheses for how both the tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing schools of thought regarding IGF1R in these histological contexts are compatible.
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Kruger DT, Alexi X, Opdam M, Schuurman K, Voorwerk L, Sanders J, van der Noort V, Boven E, Zwart W, Linn SC. IGF-1R pathway activation as putative biomarker for linsitinib therapy to revert tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2348-2359. [PMID: 31490549 PMCID: PMC7065127 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies indicate that activated IGF-1R can drive endocrine resistance in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer, but its clinical relevance is unknown. We studied the effect of IGF-1R signaling on tamoxifen benefit in patients and we searched for approaches to overcome IGF-1R-mediated tamoxifen failure in cell lines. Primary tumor blocks from postmenopausal ER+ breast cancer patients randomized between adjuvant tamoxifen versus nil were recollected. Immunohistochemistry for IGF-1R, p-IGF-1R/InsR, p-ERα(Ser118), p-ERα(Ser167) and PI3K/MAPK pathway proteins was performed. Multivariate Cox models were employed to assess tamoxifen efficacy. The association between p-IGF-1R/InsR and PI3K/MAPK pathway activation in MCF-7 and T47D cells was analyzed with Western blots. Cell proliferation experiments were performed under various growth-stimulating and -inhibiting conditions. Patients with ER+, IGF-1R-positive breast cancer without p-IGF-1R/InsR staining (n = 242) had tamoxifen benefit (HR 0.41, p = 0.0038), while the results for p-IGF-1R/InsR-positive patients (n = 125) were not significant (HR 0.95, p = 0.3). High p-ERα(Ser118) or p-ERα(Ser167) expression was associated with less tamoxifen benefit. In MCF-7 cells, IGF-1R stimulation increased phosphorylation of PI3K/MAPK proteins and ERα(Ser167) regardless of IGF-1R overexpression. This could be abrogated by the dual IGF-1R/InsR inhibitor linsitinib, but not by the IGF-IR-selective antibody 1H7. In MCF-7 and T47D cells, stimulation of the IGF-1R/InsR pathway resulted in cell proliferation regardless of tamoxifen. Abrogation of cell growth was regained by addition of linsitinib. In conclusion, p-IGF-1R/InsR positivity in ER+ breast cancer is associated with reduced benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients. In cell lines, stimulation rather than overexpression of IGF-1R is driving tamoxifen resistance to be abrogated by linsitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinja T Kruger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam/Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xanthippi Alexi
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karianne Schuurman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Voorwerk
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent van der Noort
- Division of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Epie Boven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam/Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, The National Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Prabakaran I, Wu Z, Lee C, Tong B, Steeman S, Koo G, Zhang PJ, Guvakova MA. Gaussian Mixture Models for Probabilistic Classification of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3492-3502. [PMID: 31113820 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the era of omics-driven research, it remains a common dilemma to stratify individual patients based on the molecular characteristics of their tumors. To improve molecular stratification of patients with breast cancer, we developed the Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based classifier. This probabilistic classifier was built on mRNA expression data from more than 300 clinical samples of breast cancer and healthy tissue and was validated on datasets of ESR1, PGR, and ERBB2, which encode standard clinical markers and therapeutic targets. To demonstrate how a GMM approach could be exploited for multiclass classification using data from a candidate marker, we analyzed the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R), a promising target, but a marker of uncertain importance in breast cancer. The GMM defined subclasses with downregulated (40%), unchanged (39%), upregulated (19%), and overexpressed (2%) IGF1R levels; inter- and intrapatient analyses of IGF1R transcript and protein levels supported these predictions. Overexpressed IGF1R was observed in a small percentage of tumors. Samples with unchanged and upregulated IGF1R were differentiated tumors, and downregulation of IGF1R correlated with poorly differentiated, high-risk hormone receptor-negative and HER2-positive tumors. A similar correlation was found in the independent cohort of carcinoma in situ, suggesting that loss or low expression of IGF1R is a marker of aggressiveness in subsets of preinvasive and invasive breast cancer. These results demonstrate the importance of probabilistic modeling that delves deeper into molecular data and aims to improve diagnostic classification, prognostic assessment, and treatment selection. SIGNIFICANCE: A GMM classifier demonstrates potential use for clinical validation of markers and determination of target populations, particularly when availability of specimens for marker development is low.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Models, Statistical
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Prabakaran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine & Oncologic Surgery, Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhengdong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Changgun Lee
- Finance Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Tong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine & Oncologic Surgery, Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha Steeman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine & Oncologic Surgery, Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriel Koo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine & Oncologic Surgery, Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul J Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marina A Guvakova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine & Oncologic Surgery, Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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The arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 regulates IGF-1 signaling in breast cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:4015-4027. [PMID: 30692633 PMCID: PMC6755991 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aside from its well-known nuclear routes of signaling, estrogen also mediates its effects through cytoplasmic signaling. Estrogen signaling involves numerous posttranslational modifications of its receptor ERα, the best known being phosphorylation. Our research group previously showed that upon estrogen stimulation, ERα is methylated on residue R260 and forms the mERα/Src/PI3K complex, central to the rapid transduction of nongenomic estrogen signals. Regulation of ERα signaling via its phosphorylation by growth factors is well recognized, and we wondered whether they could also trigger ERα methylation (mERα). Here, we found that IGF-1 treatment of MCF-7 cells induced rapid ERα methylation by the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 and triggered the binding of mERα to IGF-1R. Mechanistically, we showed that PRMT1 bound constitutively to IGF-1R and that PRMT1 became activated upon IGF-1 stimulation. Moreover, we found that expression or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT1 impaired mERα and IGF-1 signaling. Our findings were substantiated in a cohort of breast tumors in which IGF-1R expression was positively correlated with ERα/Src and ERα/PI3K expression, hallmarks of nongenomic estrogen signaling, reinforcing the link between IGF-1R and mERα. Altogether, these results provide a new insight into ERα and IGF-1R interference, and open novel perspectives for combining endocrine therapies with PRMT1 inhibitors in ERα-positive tumors.
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8
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Coughlin SS, Kapuku G. Physical Activity, Weight Control, and Biomarkers of Prognosis and Survival among Breast Cancer Survivors. ARCHIVES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 3:10.29011/2257-2252.100027. [PMID: 31179439 PMCID: PMC6550489 DOI: 10.29011/2257-2252.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity and obesity may increase risk of poor prognosis in breast cancer through effects on insulin or insulin-like growth factors or their binding proteins, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, sex hormones, leptin and other adipokines, immunologic or inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage or repair capacity. The present review is based upon bibliographic searches in PubMed and relevant search terms. Articles published in English from January 1, 1980 through October 1, 2018 were identified using the following MeSH search terms and Boolean algebra commands: breast cancer survivors AND (insulin-like growth factor OR insulin resistance OR glucose metabolism OR sex hormones OR leptin OR adipokines OR immunologic OR inflammatory factors OR oxidative stress OR DNA repair capacity). After screening the abstracts or full texts of these articles and reviewing the references of previous review articles, a total of 66 studies met the eligibility criteria. Based upon published studies, it is difficult to determine the type or dose of exercise that affects inflammatory markers among breast cancer survivors. The optimal type of exercise, dose, and timing of physical activity needed to improve the inflammatory profile following a breast cancer diagnosis is unknown. Studies have used a range of physical activity types including aerobic, resistance training, yoga, and Tai Chi. A further issue is that existing studies of physical activity and biomarkers have included a range of disease stages. There is a need for a better understanding of the biological pathways through which physical activity and weight management increase survival in order to design targeted weight loss and exercise interventions for breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Scott Coughlin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, USA
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA
| | - Gaston Kapuku
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, USA
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9
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Heckl SM, Pellinghaus M, Krüger S, Bosselmann C, Wilhelm F, Behrens HM, Schreiber S, Röcken C. Epithelial insulin receptor expression-prognostic relevance in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37497-37508. [PMID: 30680065 PMCID: PMC6331016 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming in cancer encompasses the insulin receptor (IR) as a player of energy homeostasis and proliferation. We aimed to characterize vascular (VIR) and epithelial (EIR) IR expression in CRC and correlate it with clinico-pathological parameters and survival. Methods 1580 primary CRCs were explored by immunohistochemistry for evaluation of VIR and EIR. Subgroup analyses included in situ hybridization for IR isoform A (IR-A) and DNA mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry. Clinico-pathological and survival parameters were studied. Results High VIR was evident in 63.5% of all CRC samples and was associated with T-stage (P = 0.005). EIR was present in 72.2% and was associated with lower T-stages (P = 0.006) and UICC-stages (P < 0.001). EIR negativity was associated with increased metastasis (P = 0.028), nodal spread (P < 0.001), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.008) and a decreased tumor-specific (P = 0.011) and overall survival (P = 0.007; 95%-C.I.: 44.5-84.1). EIR negativity in UICC-stage II was associated with a significantly worse tumor-specific (P = 0.045) and overall (P = 0.043) survival. IR-A was expressed in CRC vessels and cells. Conclusions We demonstrate VIR to be frequent in CRC and characterize EIR negativity as an important prognostic risk factor. The association between EIR negativity and worse survival in UICC-stage II should be prospectively evaluated for an application in therapeutic algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen M Heckl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marie Pellinghaus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Clara Bosselmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska Wilhelm
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Maskarinec G, Ju D, Fong J, Horio D, Chan O, Loo LWM, Hernandez BY. Mammographic density and breast tissue expression of inflammatory markers, growth factors, and vimentin. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1191. [PMID: 30497427 PMCID: PMC6267911 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mammographic density is a known risk factor for breast cancer, but the underlying pathologic characteristics are not well understood. The current analysis investigated the expression of several markers of interest, e.g., inflammation and growth, with mammographic density (MD) in normal and malignant breast tissue specimens from 279 women of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Methods Breast cancer cases, recruited from a nested case-control study within the MEC, provided mammograms for density evaluation. Protein expression (COX-2, TNF-α, TGF-β, IGF-1R, IGFBP-2, and vimentin) was assessed by immunohistochemical detection. Linear regression was applied to evaluate the relation between marker expression and percent density and to compute adjusted means with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by marker status while adjusting for confounders. Results Due to missing cores and tissue, normal tissue could only be evaluated for COX-2 and vimentin. No significant associations with mammographic density were detected for all markers analyzed. For inflammatory markers (TNF-α, COX-2, and TGF-β) in tumor tissue, MD were non-significantly higher with stronger expression but the differences were very small. For example, the mean MD values for no, weak, and strong TNF-α expression were 35% (95% CI 24–47%), 39% (95% CI 29–48%), and 38% (95% CI 27–50%). In a posthoc analysis among postmenopausal women only, the difference across categories of TNF-α expression increased to 25% (95% CI 12–39%), 35% (95% CI 23–48%), and 35% (95% CI 20–49%). Conclusions The current analysis offers little support for an involvement of immunohistochemical markers representing inflammatory and growth factor pathways as predictors of breast density. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5088-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertraud Maskarinec
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Dan Ju
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Jaimie Fong
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - David Horio
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Owen Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Lenora W M Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Brenda Y Hernandez
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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11
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Björner S, Rosendahl AH, Simonsson M, Markkula A, Jirström K, Borgquist S, Rose C, Ingvar C, Jernström H. Combined and individual tumor-specific expression of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, insulin receptor and phospho-insulin-like growth factor-I receptor/insulin receptor in primary breast cancer: Implications for prognosis in different treatment groups. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9093-9107. [PMID: 28030849 PMCID: PMC5354717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials examining insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF1R)-targeting strategies have emphasized that better predictive biomarkers are required to improve patient selection. Immunohistochemical tumor-specific protein expression of IGF1R, insulin receptor (InsR), and phosphorylated IGF1R/InsR (pIGF1R/InsR) individually and combined in relation to breast cancer prognosis was evaluated in a population-based cohort of 1,026 primary invasive breast cancer patients without preoperative treatment diagnosed in Sweden. IGF1R (n = 923), InsR (n = 900), and pIGF1R/InsR (n = 904) combined cytoplasmic and membrane staining was dichotomized. IGF1Rstrong/InsRmod/strong/pIGF1R/InsRpos tumors were borderline associated with 2-fold risk for events, HRadj (2.00; 95%CI 0.96-4.18). Combined IGF1R and pIGF1R/InsR status only impacted prognosis in patients with InsRmod/strong expressing tumors (Pinteraction = 0.041). IGF1Rstrong expression impacted endocrine treatment response differently depending on patients’ age and type of endocrine therapy. Phospho-IGF1R/InsRpos was associated with lower risk for events among non-endocrine-treated patients irrespective of ER status, HRadj (0.32; 95%CI 0.16-0.63), but not among endocrine-treated patients (Pinteraction = 0.024). In non-endocrine-treated patients, pIGF1R/InsRpos was associated with lower risk for events after radiotherapy, HRadj (0.31; 95%CI 0.12-0.80), and chemotherapy, HRadj (0.29; 95%CI 0.09-0.99). This study highlights the complexity of IGF hetero-and homodimer signaling network and its interplay with endocrine treatment, suggesting that combinations of involved factors may improve patient selection for IGF1R-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Björner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann H Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Simonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Markkula
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Carsten Rose
- CREATE Health and Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Liu FT, Ou YX, Zhang GP, Qiu C, Luo HL, Zhu PQ. HOXB7 as a promising molecular marker for metastasis in cancers: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2693-9. [PMID: 27274269 PMCID: PMC4869646 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies on carcinoma have revealed that the expression level of HOXB7 in cancerous tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancerous tissues. Elevated expression of HOXB7 is associated with the susceptibility to lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in various tumors. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to involve majority of relevant articles and explore the association of HOXB7 expression level with metastasis in cancer patients. Literature retrieval was conducted by searching in a number of electronic databases (up to December 1, 2015). The meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 software and Stata SE12.0. A total of 1,532 patients with carcinoma from 14 studies were included in analysis. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that lymph node metastasis was observed more frequently in the patients group with high expression level of HOXB7 than in the patients group with low expression level of HOXB7 (odds ratio =2.17, 95% CI: 1.74–2.71, P<0.00001, fixed-effects model). In addition, a similar result was observed in the association between HOXB7 expression and distant metastasis; the odds ratio was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.09–2.88, P=0.02, fixed-effects model). This meta-analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of HOXB7 was significantly associated with metastasis in cancer patients, which may be served as a common molecular marker for indicating cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Teng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Xi Ou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Qian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu YL, Zhang HM, Pan HM, Bao YH, Xue J, Wang TC, Dong XC, Li XL, Bao HG. The relationship between apolipoprotein E gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1241-9. [PMID: 27022282 PMCID: PMC4789883 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s94228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to assess the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism and breast cancer risk. Methods Yun-Long Liu and Hao-Min Zhang independently completed literature retrieval and data collection, and statistical analyses were performed by Stata. Individual odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled in a random-effects model using the DerSimonian–Laird method. Heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistic at a significance level of 50%. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test. Results Eleven articles including 2,074 breast cancer patients and 2,372 controls were summarized. Using the most common allele ε3 as a reference, the ε2 (OR =0.87, 95% CI =0.72–1.05, P=0.154, I2=0.0%) and ε4 (OR =1.07, 95% CI =0.80–1.42, P=0.654, I2=71.8%) alleles were not found to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk in the overall analyses. Subgroup analyses revealed that the comparison of allele ε4 with ε3 was significant in Asians (OR =1.58, 95% CI =1.17–6.32, P=0.003, I2=12.1%) and in studies that used the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping method (OR =1.27; 95% CI =1.01–1.61, P=0.045, I2=34.3%), and was marginally significant in hospital-based studies (OR =1.33; 95% CI =0.98–1.79, P=0.065, I2=30.2%), without heterogeneity. Moreover, the presence of the ε2 allele was significantly associated with breast cancer in small studies (total sample size <500) (OR =0.73, 95% CI =0.54–1.00, P=0.052, I2=0.0%) without heterogeneity. The Egger’s test indicated low probabilities of publication bias. Conclusion We observed a significant association between APOE gene ε4 allele and breast cancer risk in Asian populations. Moreover, the findings of our subgroup analyses suggest that source of controls, genotyping platform, and sample size might be the potential causes of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Liu
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Min Zhang
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ming Pan
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Bao
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xue
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Chang Wang
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Dong
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Guang Bao
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Xu H, Tian Y, Yuan X, Liu Y, Wu H, Liu Q, Wu GS, Wu K. Enrichment of CD44 in basal-type breast cancer correlates with EMT, cancer stem cell gene profile, and prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:431-44. [PMID: 26855592 PMCID: PMC4727509 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the receptor for the extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid. CD44 has been reported to play key roles in cell proliferation, motility, and survival, but its role in breast cancer remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis. A total of 23 published Gene Expression Omnibus databases were included to evaluate the association between CD44 mRNA expression and clinicopathological characteristics or prognosis of the patients with breast cancer. Our analysis revealed that CD44 expression was associated with clinicopathological features, including the histological grade, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status. Higher levels of CD44 expression were observed in the basal subtype of breast cancer both at the mRNA and protein levels (odds ratio [OR] =2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72–2.52; OR =2.11, 95% CI: 1.67–2.68). Patients with CD44 overexpression exhibited significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio =1.27; 95% CI: 1.04–1.55). Whole gene profile analysis revealed that CD44 expression was enriched in basal-type breast cancer and correlated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell gene profiles. In summary, our analyses indicated that CD44 potentially might be a prognostic marker for breast cancer and thus can serve as a therapeutic target for basal-type breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Sheng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Coughlin SS, Smith SA. The Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis, Adipokines, Physical Activity, and Obesity in Relation to Breast Cancer Incidence and Recurrence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4:24-31. [PMID: 26251693 PMCID: PMC4524449 DOI: 10.5539/cco.v4n2p24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity, a risk factor for the development of postmenopausal breast cancer and certain other cancer types, has also been associated with poorer response to cancer therapy and cancer recurrence. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis also influences cancer risk. Methods In this commentary, we consider the literature on IGF and its binding proteins and the risk of breast cancer, along with effects of obesity, adipokines, and insulin resistance on breast cancer, and the potential for lifestyle interventions to address weight gain and physical inactivity among at-risk women. Results Greater body fatness is associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. The association may be explained, in part, by hyperinsulinemia and alterations in adipokines and estrogens. Nutrition, energy balance, and levels of physical activity are determinants of IGF bioactivity. Alterations in the IGF axis can increase cancer risk and progression. Results from epidemiologic studies indicate that higher circulating levels of IGF-I are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Conclusions Intervention studies are needed to determine how to sustain the positive effects of exercise over time and to identify the optimal mode, intensity, frequency, duration, and timing of exercise for breast cancer survivors, including important subgroups of survivors such as African American and Hispanic women. Future epidemiologic studies of the relationships between the IGF axis and breast cancer should include adequate numbers of African American women, Hispanic women, and other minority women who have been underrepresented in studies completed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Coughlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Selina A Smith
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, and Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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