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Pereira MA, Dias AR, Ramos MFKP, Cardili L, Moraes RDR, Zilberstein B, Nahas SC, Mello ES, Ribeiro U. Gastric cancer with microsatellite instability displays increased thymidylate synthase expression. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:116-124. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.26822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Pereira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - André R. Dias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcus F. K. P. Ramos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cardili
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafael D. R. Moraes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruno Zilberstein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Sergio C. Nahas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Evandro S. Mello
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Ulysses Ribeiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
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Grumetti L, Lombardi R, Iannelli F, Pucci B, Avallone A, Di Gennaro E, Budillon A. Epigenetic Approaches to Overcome Fluoropyrimidines Resistance in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030695. [PMID: 35158962 PMCID: PMC8833539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fluoropyrimidines represent the backbone of many combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of solid cancers but are still associated with toxicity and mechanisms of resistance. In this review, we focused on the epigenetic modifiers histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) and on their ability to regulate specific genes and proteins involved in the fluoropyrimidine metabolism and resistance mechanisms. We presented emerging preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting the mechanisms by which HDACis can prevent/overcome the resistance and/or enhance the therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidines, potentially reducing their toxicity, and ultimately improving the overall survival of cancer patients. Abstract Although fluoropyrimidines were introduced as anticancer agents over 60 years ago, they are still the backbone of many combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of solid cancers. Like other chemotherapeutic agents, the therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidines can be affected by drug resistance and severe toxicities; thus, novel therapeutic approaches are required to potentiate their efficacy and overcome drug resistance. In the last 20 years, the deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been shown to contribute to cancer hallmarks. Histone modifications play an important role in directing the transcriptional machinery and therefore represent interesting druggable targets. In this review, we focused on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) that can increase antitumor efficacy and overcome resistance to fluoropyrimidines by targeting specific genes or proteins. Our preclinical data showed a strong synergistic interaction between HDACi and fluoropyrimidines in different cancer models, but the clinical studies did not seem to confirm these observations. Most likely, the introduction of increasingly complex preclinical models, both in vitro and in vivo, cannot recapitulate human complexity; however, our analysis of clinical studies revealed that most of them were designed without a mechanistic approach and, importantly, without careful patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grumetti
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Federica Iannelli
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.G.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-081-590-3342 (E.D.G.); +39-081-590-3292 (A.B.)
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.G.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-081-590-3342 (E.D.G.); +39-081-590-3292 (A.B.)
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Li J, Sun P, Huang T, He S, Li L, Xue G. Extensive analysis of the molecular biomarkers excision repair cross complementing 1, ribonucleotide reductase M1, β-tubulin III, thymidylate synthetase, and topoisomerase IIα in breast cancer: Association with clinicopathological characteristics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25344. [PMID: 33832110 PMCID: PMC8036124 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1), ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1), β-tubulin III (TUBB3), thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), and topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) genes have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of various types of carcinomas; however, their roles in breast cancer have not been fully validated. In this study, we evaluated the correlations among these biomarkers and the associations between their expression intensity and the clinicopathological characteristics to investigate whether the above genes are underlying biomarkers for patients with breast cancer.Ninety-seven tissue specimens collected from breast cancer patients. The expression levels of these biomarkers were measured by the multiplex branched DNA liquidchip (MBL) technology and clinicopathological characteristics were collected simultaneously.The expression levels of ERCC1, TUBB3, TYMS, and TOP2A were significantly associated with the characteristics of menopausal status, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptor status, triple-negative status, Ki-67 index, and epidermal growth factor receptor. The expression intensity of ERCC1 negatively associated with that of TUBB3 and TYMS, and positively associated with that of RRM1. The expression intensity of TOP2A positively associated with that of TYMS. Hierarchical clustering analysis and difference test indicated that breast cancer with higher levels of TUBB3, TYMS, and TOP2A, as well as lower levels of ERCC1 and RRM1 tended to have higher histological grade and Ki-67 index.Our studies showed that ERCC1, TYMS, TUBB3, and TOP2A may be potential biomarkers for prognosis and individualized chemotherapy guidance, while there may be interactions between ERCC1 and RRM1, or TUBB3, or TYMS, as well as between TOP2A and TYMS in pathogenesis and development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Chengdu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Chengdu
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Chengdu
| | - Shengdong He
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Chengdu
| | - Lingfan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Chengdu
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Chengdu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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Li J, Sun P, Huang T, He S, Li L, Xue G. Individualized chemotherapy guided by the expression of ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3, TYMS and TOP2A genes versus classic chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer: A comparative effectiveness study. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:21. [PMID: 33240427 PMCID: PMC7681196 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3, TYMS and TOP2A genes have been shown to be associated with drug resistance in various types of tumors; however, their roles in breast cancer chemotherapy have not been fully validated. In the present study, 140 well-matched patients with breast cancer, comprising 70 patients receiving individualized chemotherapy and 70 receiving classic chemotherapy, were analyzed. In the individualized chemotherapy group, the mRNA expression levels of ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3, TYMS and TOP2A in breast cancer tissues were measured using multiplex branched DNA liquidchip technology prior to chemotherapy; an individualized chemotherapy regimen was developed for each patient according to the results. As a control, patients in the classic chemotherapy group received a docetaxel + epirubicin + cyclophosphamide regimen. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the patients were identified via Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Adverse reactions were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria 4. Compared with the classic chemotherapy group, the DFS and OS of the individualized chemotherapy group were significantly longer (DFS, 77.4 vs. 67.1 months, P=0.039; OS, 81.4 vs. 75.4 months, P=0.031), and the incidence of grade 2 or 3 palpitations and chest tightness was lower (12.9 vs. 27.1%, P=0.035). The chemotherapy strategy guided by genetic detection was an independent protection factor for DFS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.389, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.153, 0.989, P=0.047], but not an independent protection factor for OS (HR=0.340, 95% CI: 0.107, 1.078, P=0.067). The results indicate that the combined detection of ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3, TYMS and TOP2A gene expression and use of the results to guide individualized chemotherapy can improve treatment efficacy and reduce unnecessary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Shengdong He
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Lingfan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Liu X, Chen C, Chen J, Xu B, Chen L, Zhou J, Huang Y, Chen W, Teng R, Zhao W, Jin L, Shen J, Shen J, Yen Y, Wang L. A predictive signature for oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100901. [PMID: 33091827 PMCID: PMC7576514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy(AC) plays a substantial role in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), but the response remains poor. We aims to improve its efficacy in LAGC. Therefore, we identified the expression of eight genes closely associated with platinum and fluorouracil metabolism (RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B, POLH, DUT, TYMS, TYMP, MKI67) in the discovery cohort (N=291). And we further validated the findings in TCGA (N=279) and GEO. Overall survival (OS) was used as an endpoint. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were applied. A multivariate Cox regression model was simulated to predict the OS. In the discovery cohort, the univariate Cox model indicated that AC was beneficial to high-RRM1, high-DUT, low-RRM2, low-RRM2B, low-POLH, low-KI67, low-TYMS or low-TYMP patients, the results were validated in the TCGA cohort. The multivariate Cox model showed consistent results. Cumulative analysis indicated that patients with low C-Score respond poorly to the AC, whereas the high and medium C-Score patients significantly benefit from AC. A risk model based on the above variables successfully predicted the OS in both cohorts (AUC=0.75 and 0.67, respectively). Further validation in a panel of gastric cancer cell (GC) lines (N=37) indicated that C-Score is significantly associated with IC50 value to fluorouracil. Mutation profiling showed that C-Score was associated with the number and types of mutations. In conclusion, we successfully simulated a predictive signature for the efficacy of AC in LAGC patients and further explored the potential mechanisms. Our findings could promote precision medicine and improve the prognosis of LAGC patients. We successfully simulated a predictive signature for the efficacy of chemotherapy in LAGC patients and a GC cell line panel. We further explored the potential mechanisms that it may be associated with the number and type of mutations. Our findings could promote precision medicine and improve the prognosis of LAGC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States of America; Department of Big Data and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyong Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Big Data and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jida Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beisi Xu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States of America
| | - Lini Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yasheng Huang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States of America; Department of Urology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongyue Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lidan Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States of America; Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Abbasian MH, Ansarinejad N, Abbasi B, Iravani M, Ramim T, Hamedi F, Ardekani AM. The Role of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase and Thymidylate Synthase Polymorphisms in Fluoropyrimidine-Based Cancer Chemotherapy in an Iranian Population. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2020; 12:157-164. [PMID: 32695278 PMCID: PMC7368113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fluoropyrimidine drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and the prodrug capecitabine have been extensively used for treatment of many types of cancer including colorectal, gastric, head and neck. Approximately, 10 to 25% of patients suffer from severe fluoropyrimidine-induced toxicity. This may lead to dose reduction and treatment discontinuation. Pharmacogenetics research could be useful for the identification of predictive markers in chemotherapy treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of five genetic polymorphisms within two genes (DPYD, TYMS) in toxicity and efficacy of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. METHODS Total genomic DNA was extracted from 83 cancer patients treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. In this study, three polymorphisms were genotyped in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene c.1905+1 G>A (DPYD*2A; rs3918290), c.1679 T>G (I560S; DPYD*13; rs55886062), and c.2846A>T (D949V; rs67376798) and two polymorphisms, besides the Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and 6-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in thymidylate synthase gene. The analysis of polymorphisms for rs3918290, rs55886062, rs67376798 and 6-bp insertion/deletion in TYMS was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction-restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCRRFLP) TYMS VNTR analysis. 5-FU-related toxicities such as anemia, febrile neutropenia, neurotoxicity, vomiting, nausea, and mucositis were evaluated according to NCI-CTC criteria version 4.0. T-test and chi-square were used and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS DPYD gene polymorphisms were not observed in this study. The frequency of the TYMS +6 bp allele was 40.35% and the -6 bp allele was 59.65% in this study. The frequency of VNTR 2R allele was 48.75% and 3R allele was 51.15%. Toxicity grade II diarrhea, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, and neurotoxicity was 2.2, 24.1, 15.7, 6, and 51.8%, respectively. Thymidylate synthase ins/del polymorphisms were associated with increased grade III neurotoxicity (p=0.02). Furthermore, anemia grade III was significantly associated with 2R/2R genotype (0.009). CONCLUSION Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphisms may play a key role in fluoropyrimidne -based chemotherapy. Although rare DPYD polymorphisms were not observed in our study, according to large population studies, DPYD gene polymorphisms could be used as a predictive biomarker for patient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Abbasian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Ansarinejad
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hazrat Rasool-e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Cancer Pharmacogenetics Research Group (CPGRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Abbasi
- Cancer Pharmacogenetics Research Group (CPGRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Genetic, Medical Biotechnology Ins., National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Iravani
- Tehran Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayeb Ramim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Hamedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali M. Ardekani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Ali M. Ardekani, Ph.D., Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 21 44787301, Fax: +98 21 44787399, E-mail:
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Lee H, Kim W, Kang HG, Kim WJ, Lee SC, Kim SJ. Geranium thunbergii extract-induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 24:26-33. [PMID: 32158613 PMCID: PMC7048224 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1699161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Geranium thunbergii is a traditional East Asian medicine for stomach diseases including dysentery and stomach ulcers in East Asia and has been reported to possess biological activity. The benefits of G. thunbergii in gastric cancer are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that G. thunbergii extract suppresses proliferation and induces death and G1/S cell cycle arrest of gastric cancer cells. Proliferation was significantly inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle arrest was associated with significant decreases in CDK4/cyclinD1 complex and CDK2/cyclinE complex genes expression. In addition, the protein expression of caspase-3 was decreased and that of activated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was increased, which indicated apoptosis. The expressions of the Bax and Bcl-2, which are apoptosis related proteins, were upregulated and down-regulated, respectively. The results indicate that G. thunbergii extract can inhibit proliferation and induce both G/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Also, the induction of apoptosis involved the intrinsic pathways of the cells. Take the results, we suggest that G. thunbergii extract has anti-gastric cancer activity and may be a potential therapeutic candidate for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Cheol Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Zhou C, Zhong X, Song Y, Shi J, Wu Z, Guo Z, Sun J, Wang Z. Prognostic Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review of the Evidence. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1321. [PMID: 31850212 PMCID: PMC6895018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers are biological molecules entirely or partially participating in cancerous processes that function as measurable indicators of abnormal changes in the human body microenvironment. Aiming to provide an overview of associations between prognostic biomarkers and gastric cancer (GC), we performed this umbrella review analyzing currently available meta-analyses and grading the evidence depending on the credibility of their associations. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent investigators of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Databases to identify meta-analyses investigating associations between prognostic biomarkers and GC. The strength of evidence for prognostic biomarkers for GC were categorized into four grades: strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, and weak. Results: Among 120 associations between prognostic biomarkers and GC survival outcomes, only one association, namely the association between platelet count and GC OS, was supported by strong evidence. Associations between FITC, CEA, NLR, foxp3+ Treg lymphocytes (both 1- and 3-year OS), CA 19-9, or VEGF and GC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence. Four associations were considered suggestive and the remaining 108 associations were supported by weak or not suggestive evidence. Discussion: The association between platelet count and GC OS was supported by strong evidence. Associations between FITC, CEA, NLR, foxp3+ Treg lymphocytes (both 1- and 3-year OS), CA 19-9, or VEGF and GC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence, however, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to inadequate methodological quality as deemed by AMSTAR 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhexu Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Weinberg BA, Xiu J, Lindberg MR, Shields AF, Hwang JJ, Poorman K, Salem ME, Pishvaian MJ, Holcombe RF, Marshall JL, Morse MA. Molecular profiling of biliary cancers reveals distinct molecular alterations and potential therapeutic targets. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:652-662. [PMID: 31392046 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a heterogeneous group of aggressive, rare malignancies with limited standard chemotherapeutic options for advanced disease. Recent studies have demonstrated potential novel biliary cancer targets and a possible role for immunotherapy in the treatment of patients with this disease. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC), and gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) are frequently grouped together in clinical trials despite differences in tumor biology. Methods To further investigate tumor biology differences, we profiled 1,502 BTCs using next-generation sequencing (NGS), immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and RNA sequencing. Results IHCCs had higher rates of IDH1, BAP1, and PBRM1 mutations and FGFR2 fusions; EHCCs had higher rates of KRAS, CDKN2A, and BRCA1 mutations; and GBCs had higher rates of homologous recombination repair deficiency and Her2/neu overexpression and amplification. IHCCs and GBCs had higher rates of potential positive predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibition (PD-L1 expression, high microsatellite instability, and high tumor mutational burden) than EHCCs. Conclusions These findings support clinical molecular profiling of BTCs to inform potential therapeutic selection and clinical trial design based on the primary tumor's site of origin within the biliary tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Weinberg
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Michael R Lindberg
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jimmy J Hwang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Mohamed E Salem
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - John L Marshall
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Histone chaperone CHAF1A impacts the outcome of fluoropyrimidines-based adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer by regulating the expression of thymidylate synthetase. Gene 2019; 716:144034. [PMID: 31377317 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome in adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer (GC) has considerable stage-independent variability, which underscores the need for prognostic or predictive molecular markers. CHAF1A promotes tumor growth while its impact on chemotherapy outcome remains unknown. METHODS CHAF1A protein expression was measured in independent discovery and validation sets that included 86 and 325 patients respectively who received fluoropyrimidines-based adjuvant chemotherapy after radical gastrectomy. The chemosensitizing effect of CHAF1A knockdown was investigated in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis based on RNA-seq and proteome data from public database was performed to investigate the potential mechanisms and further validation was conducted. RESULTS In both the discovery and validation sets, CHAF1A expression level was an independent predictor for disease-free survival (HR = 4.25; 95% CI: 2.31-7.79; P < 0.001; and HR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.03-3.54; P = 0.039, respectively) and overall survival (HR = 3.25; 95% CI: 1.75-6.05; P < 0.001; and HR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.12-5.20; P = 0.024, respectively) in patients with non-cardia GC but not in those with cardia GC. In GC cells, CHAF1A knockdown significantly decreased the IC50 of 5-FU. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that CHAF1A correlated with folate metabolism and the expression of thymidylate synthetase (TS). Furthermore, CHAF1A knockdown significantly reduced TS expression in GC cells and CHAF1A positively correlated with TS protein expression in tumor tissues. Finally, ten proteins potentially relevant to the regulation of TS expression by CHAF1A were identified using online tools based on RNA-seq and proteome data. CONCLUSIONS CHAF1A may impact adjuvant chemotherapy outcome of GC by regulating the expression of TS.
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11
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Russi S, Verma HK, Laurino S, Mazzone P, Storto G, Nardelli A, Zoppoli P, Calice G, La Rocca F, Sgambato A, Lucci V, Falco G, Ruggieri V. Adapting and Surviving: Intra and Extra-Cellular Remodeling in Drug-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153736. [PMID: 31370155 PMCID: PMC6695752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant recent advances in clinical practice, gastric cancer (GC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In fact, occurrence of chemo-resistance still remains a daunting hindrance to effectiveness of the current approach to GC therapy. There is accumulating evidence that a plethora of cellular and molecular factors is implicated in drug-induced phenotypical switching of GC cells. Among them, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, drug detoxification, DNA damage response and drug target alterations, have been reported as major determinants. Intriguingly, resistant GC phenotype may be the result of GC cell-induced tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling, which is currently emerging as a key player in promoting drug resistance and overcoming cytotoxic effects of drugs. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of drug resistance and their involvement in determining current GC therapies failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Russi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Storto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Anna Nardelli
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Valeria Lucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
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12
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Zhu C, Yang Q, Xu J, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Xu D, Zhang Y, Zhao E, Zhao G. Somatic mutation of DNAH genes implicated higher chemotherapy response rate in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. J Transl Med 2019; 17:109. [PMID: 30944005 PMCID: PMC6448266 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dynein axonemal heavy chain (DNAH) family of genes encode the dynein axonemal heavy chain, which is involved in cell motility. Genomic variations of DNAH family members have been frequently reported in diverse kinds of malignant tumors. In this study, we analyzed the genomic database to evaluate the mutation status of DNAH genes in gastric adenocarcinoma and further identified the significance of mutant DNAH genes as effective molecular biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy response in gastric cancer patients. Methods We analyzed the clinical and genomic data of gastric cancer patients published in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Data on chemotherapy response, overall survival (OS) and chemotherapy-free survival were retrieved. Then, we verified the results via targeted sequencing of gastric cancer patients with similar clinical characteristics but different chemotherapeutic outcomes. Results In total, 132 gastric adenocarcinoma patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment from TCGA were included in our study. Somatic mutations in all 13 members of the DNAH family of genes were associated with different chemotherapy responses. Compared with patients with wild-type DNAH genes (n = 59), a significantly higher proportion of those with mutations in DNAH genes (n = 73) (55.9% vs 80.8%) responded to chemotherapy (P = 0.002). Moreover, DNAH mutations were correlated with significantly better OS (P = 0.027), chemotherapy-free survival (P = 0.027), fluoropyrimidine-free survival (P = 0.048) and platinum-free survival (P = 0.014). DNAH mutation status was an independent risk factor for OS (P = 0.015), chemotherapy-free survival (P = 0.015) and platinum-free survival (P = 0.011). We identified somatic mutations in 27 (42.2%) of the 64 stage III gastric adenocarcinoma patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy by targeted exon sequencing with strict screening conditions. In our own cohort, a significantly higher proportion of patients (n = 32) with DNAH mutations than patients with wild-type DNAH genes (n = 32) had a good prognosis (OS > 48 months) (70.4% vs 35.1%) (P = 0.005). Conclusions Dynein axonemal heavy chain gene mutations contribute positively to chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1867-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Enhao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Jin X, Jiang ML, Wu ZH, Fan Y. Progress of Individualized Chemotherapy for Gastric Carcinoma Under the Guidance of Genetic Testing. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:2322-2334. [PMID: 30714518 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190204123101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a major malignancy that has high incidence rates worldwide. Approximately 30% of patients with gastric cancer have progressed into advanced stages at the time of diagnosis. Chemotherapy is the standard-of-care for most advanced gastric cancer and elicits variable responses among patients. Personalized chemotherapy based on genetic information of individual patients with gastric cancer has gained increasing attention among oncologists for guiding chemotherapeutic regimens. METHODS This review summarizes recent progress of individualized chemotherapy in gastric cancer guided by pharmacogenomics. Variable medical research search engines, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, SpringerLink and ScienceDirect, were used to retrieve related literature. Only peerreviewed journal articles were selected for further analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The efficiency of chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer is not only determined by chemotherapeutic drugs but is also directly and indirectly influenced by functionally correlative genes. Individual gene alteration or polymorphism remarkably affects patients' responses to particular chemotherapy. Most studies have focused on the influence of single-gene alteration on a selected drug, and only a few works explored the interaction between therapeutics and a panel of genes. Individualized chemotherapy regimens guided by a genetic survey of a multiple-gene panel are expected to remarkably improve the treatment efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer and may become the new standard for personalizing chemotherapy for gastric cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Lin Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Wu
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Rm 118, 19 S Manassas St. Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Gajjar KK, Vora HH, Kobawala TP, Trivedi TI, Ghosh NR. Deciphering the potential value of 5-fluorouracil metabolic enzymes in predicting prognosis and treatment response of colorectal cancer patients. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:180-188. [DOI: 10.1177/1724600817748539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: 5-flourouracil (5-FU) is one of the standard chemotherapeutic drugs used today in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Disruption of 5-FU metabolic pathway may contribute to altered effectiveness towards 5-FU-based therapy. Hence, the study of 5-FU metabolizing enzymes might have the potential efficacy to predict survival and response to treatment in colorectal cancer patients. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical localization of 5-FU metabolic enzymes (TS, MTHFR, DPYD, and TP) was evaluated in 143 untreated patients with colorectal cancer; their prognostic and predictive values were also evaluated. Results: Immuno-positivity for TS, MTHFR, DPYD, and TP was observed in 77%, 75%, 88%, and 96% of colorectal cancer patients, respectively. Univariate survival analysis in total patients showed that low DPYD expression significantly predicted adverse overall survival ( P=0.042). Moreover, subgroup of colon cancer patients with low TS expression was associated with unfavorable prognosis. TP expression also emerged as a prognosticator in the subgroup of early and advanced stage patients. Additionally, when effect of co-expression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes was evaluated in total patients, low coexpression of all four proteins was predictive of poor overall survival than for individuals expressing high coexpression of these proteins ( P=0.045). In contrast, none of the 5-FU metabolic enzymes—either singly or on coexpression—emerged as a useful biomarker of potential therapeutic value when evaluated in the subgroup of patients treated with 5-FU alone or 5-FU plus oxaliplatin. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that coexpression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes possess significant prognostic value and could be useful biomarkers in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal K. Gajjar
- Tumor Biology Lab 2, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| | - Hemangini H. Vora
- Immuno-haematology Lab 1, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| | - Toral P. Kobawala
- Tumor Biology Lab 2, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| | - Trupti I. Trivedi
- Clinical Carcinogenesis Lab 3, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
| | - Nandita R. Ghosh
- Tumor Biology Lab 2, Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India
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15
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Fu Z, Han X, Du J, Han X, Liu W, Shao S, Liu X. Euphorbia lunulata extract acts on multidrug resistant gastric cancer cells to inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, arrest cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:8-17. [PMID: 28811220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The milky sap or the aboveground part of the plant Euphorbia lunulata has long been used by Chinese people to treat noncancerous growths and cancerous ailments but the specific mode of action and the action mechanism remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of Euphorbia lunulata extract on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of multidrug resistant human gastric cancer cells; To study the mechanism of apoptosis induction by Euphorbia lunulata extract in multidrug resistant human gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aboveground part of fresh Euphorbia lunulata plant was extracted first with ethanol and then with n-hexane. The aseptic extract at varying concentrations was used to treat the multidrug resistant human gastric cancer SGC7901/ADR cells. After treatment, the inhibition of cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. The inhibitions of cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell method. The alteration of cell cycle progression was studied by flow cytometry. The morphological changes of cell nuclei were observed with fluorescence microscopy following Hoechst 33258 staining and the apoptotic indexes were calculated. The activation of caspase enzymes was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The sub-cellular distribution of cytochrome complex and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were determined by Western blot. RESULTS The proliferation, migration, and invasion of SGC7901/ADR cells were significantly inhibited by Euphorbia lunulata extract, which showed time- and dose-dependent manners. Cell cycle was arrested in G2/M phase. Significant apoptotic morphological changes were observed in the nuclei of the treated cells, and apoptotic indexes were increased significantly; these changes were diminished when Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor, was also presented. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were increased. The sub-cellular distribution of cytochrome complex was altered----reduced in the mitochondria and increased in the cytoplasm. The expression of Bax was upregulated, while that of Bcl-2 was downregulated. CONCLUSION Euphorbia lunulata extract inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SGC7901/ADR cells, arrested cell cycle progression, and induced cell apoptosis; the mechanism of apoptosis induction involved both the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Fu
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China; Institute of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China; Institute of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Juan Du
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China; Institute of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Weipeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Shumei Shao
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
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16
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Pereira MA, Ramos MFKP, Dias AR, Faraj SF, Cirqueira CDS, de Mello ES, Zilberstein B, Alves VAF, Ribeiro U. Immunohistochemical expression of thymidylate synthase and prognosis in gastric cancer patients submitted to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Chin J Cancer Res 2018; 30:526-536. [PMID: 30510364 PMCID: PMC6232357 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2018.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been widely used in gastric cancer (GC) patients to prevent relapse after curative resection. 5-FU acts by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS), and high levels of TS correlate with resistance to treatment with fluoropyrimidines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TS in GC patients, and its relation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 285 patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy with curative intent. TS expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor cells by tissue microarray (TMA). TS level was evaluated according to the intensity and percentage of cells marked by a score system. Patients were divided in three groups according to their TS-score: negative, low and high. Results TS expression was positive in 92.3% of GC. TS-high, TS-low and TS-negative were observed in 46.3%, 46.0% and 7.7% of patients, respectively. High-TS GC were associated with older age (P=0.007), high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (P=0.048), well/moderately differentiated histology (P=0.001), intestinal Lauren type (P<0.001) and absence of perineural invasion (P=0.003). Among 285 patients, 133 stage II/III patients (46.7%) received chemotherapy with 5-FU. In survival analysis, TS-high was associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) in stage III GC patients who received 5-FU-based chemotherapy (P=0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that total gastrectomy, poorly differentiated tumors and high TS-score were associated with worse DFS in stage III GC patients. Conclusions High TS-score in stage III GC was associated with poor DFS in patients treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alessandra Pereira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Roncon Dias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Sheila Friedrich Faraj
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | | | - Evandro Sobroza de Mello
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Zilberstein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ulysses Ribeiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
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17
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The Impact of the Expression Level of Intratumoral Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase on Chemotherapy Sensitivity and Survival of Patients in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:9202676. [PMID: 28255193 PMCID: PMC5307138 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9202676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact that the intratumoral expression level of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) has on chemotherapy sensitivity and long-term survival for gastric cancer (GC) patients remains controversial; therefore, this study seeks to clarify this issue. Our meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 software. In vitro drug sensitivity tests, correlation coefficients between sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and expression levels of intratumoral DPD were used as effective indexes to analyse. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were used as endpoints for patient outcome, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were noted as measures of effect. There were 15 eligible studies including 1805 patients for the final analysis. The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the expression level of intratumoral DPD activity, DPD mRNA levels, and sensitivity to 5-FU in GC patients, with high expression levels of intratumoral DPD resulting in low sensitivity to 5-FU. However, no matter what therapeutic regimens were used, there was no significant difference for patient outcomes between high and low DPD expression groups, either in OS or in PFS. In conclusion, high levels of intratumoral DPD expression have a negative impact on sensitivity to 5-FU in GC patients, but no prognostic value for long-term survival was uncovered.
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Cao Y, Zhang G, Wang P, Zhou J, Gan W, Song Y, Huang L, Zhang Y, Luo G, Gong J, Zhang L. Clinical significance of UGT1A1 polymorphism and expression of ERCC1, BRCA1, TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3, STMN1 and TOP2A in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:2. [PMID: 28056823 PMCID: PMC5217235 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individualized therapeutic regimen is a recently intensively pursued approach for targeting diseases, in which the search for biomarkers was considered the first and most important. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate whether the UGT1A1, ERCC1, BRCA1, TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3, STMN1 and TOP2A genes are underlying biomarkers for gastric cancer, which, to our knowledge, has not been performed. METHODS Ninety-eight tissue specimens were collected from gastric cancer patients between May 2012 and March 2015. A multiplex branched DNA liquidchip technology was used for measuring the mRNA expressions of ERCC1, BRCA1, TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3, STMN1 and TOP2A. Direct sequencing was performed for determination of UGT1A1 polymorphisms. Furthermore, correlations between gene expressions, polymorphisms and clinicopathological characteristics were investigated. RESULTS The expressions of TYMS, TUBB3 and STMN1 were significantly associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of age, gender and family history of gastric cancer, but not with differentiation, growth patterns, metastasis and TNM staging in patients with gastric cancer. No clinical characteristics were correlated with the expressions of ERCC1, BRCA1, RRM1 and TOP2A. Additionally, patients carrying G allele at -211 of UGT1A1 were predisposed to developing tubular adenocarcinoma, while individuals carrying 6TAA or G allele respectively at *28 or -3156 of UGT1A1 tended to have a local invasion. CONCLUSIONS The UGT1A1 polymorphism may be useful to screen the risk population of gastric cancer, while TYMS, TUBB3 and STMN1 may be potential biomarkers for prognosis and chemotherapy guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkuan Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Guohu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Peihong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaning Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guode Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiaqing Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Center of General Surgery of P.L.A., Chengdu Army General Hospital, No.270 Rongdu avenue, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China
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Association between polymorphisms of thymidylate synthase gene 5'- and 3'-UTR and gastric cancer risk: meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160273. [PMID: 28011897 PMCID: PMC5180252 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the most common cancer and the most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide. Several studies have identified the role of thymidylate synthase (TS) 5′- and 3′-UTR and gastric cancer susceptibility; however, the results still remain inconclusive. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to reinvestigate this correlation. In the present study, online databases were searched to retrieve relevant articles published between January 2000 and 2016. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed to calculate the strength of association. Overall, a total of 13 articles were screened out, including 2382 gastric cancer patients and 3171 healthy controls. We found that polymorphisms of TS 5′-UTR 2R (double repeats)/3R (triple repeats) of a 28-bp sequence (11 articles) and 3′-UTR del6/ins6 (seven articles) were not significantly associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that 2R allele and 2R/2R genotype in TS 5′-UTR were associated with gastric cancer susceptibility in Caucasian and African populations; del6 allele, del6/del6 and del6/ins6 genotypes were correlated with gastric cancer in Caucasian population. In conclusion, our result suggested that TS polymorphisms might be the risk factors for gastric cancer risk in Caucasian population, although this association needs further study, and future large-scale researches are still required.
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