Reversal of Chemotherapy Resistance to Cisplatin in NSCLC by miRNA-195-5p via Targeting the FGF2 Gene

Recent advances on high-efficiency of microRNAs in different types of lung cancer: a comprehensive review

Carcinoma of the lung is among the most common types of cancer globally. Concerning its histology, it is categorized as a non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) and a small cell cancer (SCLC) subtype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a member of non-coding RNA whose nucleotides range from 19 to 25. They are known to be critical regulators of cancer via epigenetic control of oncogenes expression and by regulating tumor suppressor genes. miRNAs have an essential function in a tumorous microenvironment via modulating cancer cell growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism, and apoptosis. Moreover, a wide range of information produced via several investigations indicates their tumor-suppressing, oncogenic, diagnostic assessment, and predictive marker functions in different types of lung malignancy. miRNA mimics or anti-miRNAs can be transferred into a lung cancer cell, with possible curative implications. As a result, miRNAs hold promise as targets for lung cancer treatment and detection. In this study, we investigate the different functions of various miRNAs in different types of lung malignancy, which have been achieved in recent years that show the lung cancer-associated regulation of miRNAs expression, concerning their function in lung cancer beginning, development, and resistance to chemotherapy, also the probability to utilize miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for therapy reaction.

Highlighting functions of apoptosis and circular RNAs in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as one of the global problems that endangers the lives of thousands of people every year. Various treatments have been used to deal with this disease, but in some cases, they are not effective. Circular RNAs, as a novel class of noncoding RNAs, have different expression levels and various functions in cancer cells, such as gene regulation through microRNA sponging. They play an important role in various cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Changes in the process of apoptosis are closely related to the progression or inhibition of various malignancies. Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is a promising target for tumor therapy. In this study, circRNAs were investigated as being central to the induction or inhibition of apoptosis in CRC. It is hoped that through targeted changes in the function of these biomolecules, better outcomes will be achieved in cancer treatment. Perhaps better outcomes for cancer treatment can be achieved by using new methods and modifying the expression of these nucleic acids. However, using this method may come with challenges and limitations.

Immune-Related miRNA-195-5p Inhibits the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Targeting Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein 1

Purpose

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, resulting in a huge economic and social burden. MiRNA-195-5p plays crucial roles in the initiation and progression of cancer. However, the significance of the miRNA-195-5p/polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (miRNA-195-5p/PTBP1) axis in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear.

Methods

Data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The starBase database was employed to examine the expression of miRNA-195-5p, while the Kaplan–Meier plotter, UALCAN, and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases were utilized to analyze the tumor stage and prognostic value of miRNA and PTBP1. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was conducted to detect the expression levels of miRNA-195-5p in LUAD cell lines and tissues. The effects of miRNA-195-5p on cell proliferation and migration were examined using the cell growth curve, clone information, transwell assays, and wound healing assays.

Results

We found that miRNA-195-5p was down-regulated in LUAD cancer and cell lines. Importantly, its low levels were related to the tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in LUAD. Overexpression of miR-195-5p significantly inhibited cell growth and migration promotes cell apoptosis. Further study revealed that PTBP1 is a target gene of miRNA-195-5p, and overexpression of miRNA-195-5p inhibited the progression of LUAD by inhibiting PTBP1 expression. MiRNA-195-5p expression was related to immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, PTBP1 was negatively correlated with diverse immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity.

Conclusion

Our findings uncover a pivotal mechanism that miRNA-195-5p by modulate PTBP1 expression to inhibit the progression of LUAD. MiRNA-195-5p could be a novel diagnostic and prognostic molecular marker for LUAD.

β-Caryophyllene from Chilli Pepper Inhibits the Proliferation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Affecting miR-659-3p-Targeted Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SphK1)

Background

β-Caryophyllene is the main ingredient of chilli pepper and used for the prevention of various cancers, while the molecular mechanism for its effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.

Methods

NSCLC cell lines A549 and NCI-H1299 were treated with β-Caryophyllene and miR-659-3p (a potential tumor suppressor) mimic or siRNA. The levels of miR-659-3p, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), apoptotic factors and oxidative stress factors were investigated.

Results

β-Caryophyllene inhibited NSCLC growth, promoted their apoptotic rate, increased the level of miR-659-3p, apoptotic factors (cleaved caspase-3 and BAX), antioxidant factors (SOD, CAT and GPx) and reduced the level of oxidative stress (ROS and NO) and SphK1. miR-659-3p mimic and siRNA affected NSCLC growth, their apoptosis, and biochemical indices.

Conclusion

β-Caryophyllene of chilli pepper exerts inhibitory activity in NSCLC cells possibly by affecting miR-659-3p-targeted SphK1.