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Ayebeng C, Okyere J, Dickson KS. Non-use of diabetes medication and its associated factors: a comparative analysis of female and male patients in four Sub-Saharan African countries. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2129. [PMID: 37904109 PMCID: PMC10617189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the burden of disease is shifting towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces an increasing prevalence of diabetes, hindering the achievement of global health goals. This study investigates the determinants of non-use of diabetes medication, specifically exploring potential sex differences in four SSA countries. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data (2017-2021) from four SSA countries (Benin, Cameroon, Madagascar, and Mauritania). Samples included 23,695 women and 25,339 men, focusing on individuals with diabetes not using medication (248 women, 162 men). Descriptive and inferential analyses, including chi-square tests and binary logistic regression models, were conducted using Stata version 14. Odds ratios were calculated with a 95% confidence interval to determine the associations. RESULTS This study found that a larger proportion of female patients with diabetes (64.1%) were not using diabetes medication compared to their male counterparts (59.4%). Age influenced medication non-use in males, with older individuals exhibiting lower odds of non-usage. Higher wealth status was associated with lower odds of non-use of diabetes medications. The presence of heart disease was associated with a lower likelihood of medication non-use among females. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates sex disparities, age differences, wealth status, heart disease, and country-specific variations in medication non-use. Tailored interventions for different age groups, as well as socioeconomic support, are critical, as is integrated cardiovascular and diabetes care. These actions can improve medication use and adherence, quality of life, and long-term diabetes management outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Castro Ayebeng
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Tegegne AS. Quality of Life and Associated Factors of HIV Patients Under Treatment with First Line Regimens in Public Hospitals in Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:1347-1359. [PMID: 37287512 PMCID: PMC10243354 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s413192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The availability of medication related to HIV treatment in the world is one of the substantial improvements for reaching USAID's 90-90 targets. Among the 90% of patients who have awareness about their disease, 90% are accessing their treatment and patients who received appropriate treatment have a suppressed viral load and improved CD4 cell count. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to investigate the quality of life and associated factors of people living with HIV receiving first-line regimens at public hospitals in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 700 adult HIV-infected patients under treatment with first-line regimens, who were followed-up in 17 public hospitals in the Amhara region. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used for the current study. Results Of the 700 patients included in the current analyses, 59.5% (n=358) reported no impairment in self-care, while 63.1% (n=380) were extremely anxious/depressed. The overall expected EQ-5D utility score and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) scores were 0.388 0.41 and 66.20 17.22 respectively. The current study indicated that the covariates sex, age of patient, level of education, appointment frequency, disclosure status of the disease, and substance use significantly affected the quality of life of people living with HIV and under treatment with first-line regimens. Hence, higher CD4 cell count and less detectable viral load lead to good quality of life of people living with HIV. Conclusion This study indicates that certain covariates have been identified as statistically significant predictors of the study variable "quality of life" of HIV-positive people. The findings obtained in the current investigation can help policy-makers to revise the current directives. The result obtained in this study can also help health staff to conduct health-related education during the treatment of HIV patients.
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Alsaidan AA, Alotaibi SF, Thirunavukkarasu A, ALruwaili BF, Alharbi RH, Arnous MM, Alsaidan OA, Alduraywish AS, Alwushayh YA. Medication Adherence and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Primary Health Centers of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050989. [PMID: 37241220 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Medication adherence by patients with diabetes is critical, as it plays a crucial role in individuals' long-term health and well-being. We evaluated the medication adherence, illness perception, diabetes knowledge, and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending primary health centers (PHCs) in the eastern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using a validated Arabic version of a data collection form. In order to identify the variables that are associated with medication adherence, we applied a logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, we performed the Spearman test to find the correlation between medication adherence, illness perception, and diabetes knowledge. Of the 390 studied patients, 21.5% had low medication adherence, and it was significantly associated with gender (adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.27-2.73, p = 0.003) and duration of diabetes (AOR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67-0.95, p = 0.017). Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between medication adherence and illness perception (rho = 0.217, p = 0.007) and knowledge of diabetes and medication adherence (rho = 0.425, p < 0.001). We recommend improving T2DM patients' knowledge about the importance of adherence to their medication regimen in several health education sessions at the PHCs. In addition, we recommend mixed-method medication adherence assessment surveys in different parts of the KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Fahad Alotaibi
- Department of Public Health, Hafr Al-Batin Health Affairs, Al Baladiyah, Hafr Al Batin 39921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Farhan ALruwaili
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Hamdan Alharbi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical Center, Riyadh City 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Arnous
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh City 12625, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
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Khoiry QA, Alfian SD, Abdulah R. Sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors associated with low awareness of diabetes mellitus medication in Indonesia: Findings from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5). Front Public Health 2023; 11:1072085. [PMID: 36761130 PMCID: PMC9905635 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1072085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low awareness of the necessity of taking medication is common among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to their lack of understanding of the disease. Therefore, it is essential to determine the underlying risks influencing low awareness to design effective intervention strategies. This study aims to evaluate the association of sociodemographic and behavioural factors with low awareness to take medication among patients with DM in Indonesia. Method Retrospective data were obtained from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5), a national cross-sectional population-based survey among respondents with DM aged ≥15 years. DM status was confirmed by HbA1c testing, while sociodemographic and other health-related information was obtained from self-reported data. Gender, age, educational level, marital status, economic status, comorbidity, religiosity, residence and health insurance status were considered sociodemographic, whereas blood glucose monitoring status, sleeping problems, depression status, having a general medical check-up, satisfaction with healthcare needs and happiness status were considered behavioural risk factors. Awareness of DM medication was determined by self-reported responses to the question asked by the surveyor. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic and behavioural factors and low awareness of DM medication. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Result Most of the 706 respondents were female (58.8%) and aged 55-65 years (28.8%). Most of them showed low awareness of diabetes medication (87.7%). Irregular blood glucose monitoring (OR: 23.61, 95% CI 11.46-48.65; p < 0.001), without any comorbidity (OR: 2.03, 95% CI 1.05-3.90; p = 0.034), never had any general medical check-up (OR: 2.52, 95% CI 1.12-5.36; p = 0.016), 26-35 years of age (OR: 4.96, 95% CI 1.06-23.19; p = 0.042), 36-45 years of age (OR: 5.04, 95% CI 1.17-21.69; p = 0.030) and having no health insurance coverage (OR: 2.08, 95% CI 1.12-3.87; p = 0.021) were significantly associated with low awareness of diabetes medication. Conclusion Healthcare professionals should regularly evaluate blood glucose level, perform routine medical check-ups, prioritise patient satisfaction by providing appropriate care, involve patients in decision-making by determining their needs and then tailor an intervention to meet the need for, and improve their awareness of, DM medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisty A. Khoiry
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Sofa D. Alfian
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia,*Correspondence: Sofa D. Alfian ✉
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Saleh AM. People with diabetes adherence to drug, dietary, and lifestyle changes in Erbil city, Iraq. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:305. [PMID: 36476604 PMCID: PMC9727943 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since diabetes has serious complications that might result in life-long handicaps or even death, it is vital to ensure that people have reasonable control of the disease, which is eventually by good adherence to drugs, diet, and a good lifestyle. People non-adherence to any part of the therapy program for diabetes might result in worsening the condition. This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of people with diabetes to drug, diet, and lifestyle changes in Erbil city, Iraq. PATIENTS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 288 people with diabetes visiting Layla Qasim Health Center for people with diabetes in Erbil city, Iraq. Data were collected by interviewing the participants and filling out a questionnaire. The survey demonstrated the socio-demographic status, history, information about the participant's condition, frequency of self-monitoring, medication use, the impact of the surroundings and people's concerns, diet, and lifestyle of the participants. RESULTS Of 202 participants responded to the questionnaire, 56.9% were female. The mean age was 52.53 ± 13.882 years. 85.6% of the participants were taking the medication regularly, and 78.8% of the participants followed a recommended diet by their doctors. Only 56.4% were exercising, with a majority being male, 70.1%.A strong association was found between gender and doing exercise, educational level and taking the medication regularly, duration of the disease, and following the recommended diet. CONCLUSIONS The adherence to taking the medication regularly is high, in which single most important cause is following up with their doctors. In contrast, adherence to lifestyle recommendations was suboptimal and essential in managing diabetes. Another reason is that educational level plays a role in understanding the importance of following the recommended lifestyle by the doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakir Majeed Saleh
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.
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Mitiku Y, Belayneh A, Tegegne BA, Kebede B, Abebe D, Biyazin Y, Bahiru B, Abebaw A, Mengist HM, Getachew M. Prevalence of Medication Non-Adherence and Associated Factors among Diabetic Patients in A Tertiary Hospital at Debre Markos, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:755-764. [PMID: 35950057 PMCID: PMC9341031 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-adherence to prescribed medications is possibly the most common reason for poor treatment outcomes among people with diabetes although its rate is highly variable. Data on the magnitude of medication non-adherence and associated factors are scarce in the study area. This study aimed to assess the rate of non-adherence and associated factors among diabetic patients at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 17 to July 17, 2021. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with a pre-tested structured questionnaire and entered into SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was utilized to determine predictors of medication non-adherence at a significance level of ≤ 0.05. Results A total of 176 study participants were enrolled in the study. About 59% of the study participants had type-2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications was found to be 41.5%. Male sex, rural residence, being divorced, being merchant, self- or family-borne medical cost, and presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with increased rate of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications. Conclusion The prevalence of non-adherence to medications among diabetic patients is significantly high in the study area. Public health measures should be strengthened to decrease nonadherence among diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihunie Mitiku
- School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belayneh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bantayehu Addis Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Kebede
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Dehnnet Abebe
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemgeta Biyazin
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Bahiru
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abtie Abebaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Getachew
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Self-care practice and glycemic Control among type 2 diabetes patients on follow up in a developing country: a prospective observational study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:455-461. [PMID: 35673465 PMCID: PMC9167384 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The main goal of managing diabetes is to achieve glycemic control. However, the glycemic level of most diabetic patients is shown to be poorly controlled mainly due to poor adherence to self-care practices. This study aims to assess the level of self-care practice and glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients on follow up in a resource limited country. Methods A four-month prospective observational study was conducted among type 2 diabetes patients from February 1 to May 30, 2021. Data was collected using a data abstraction checklist and structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Epidata version 4.4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 26. Glycemic control and its predictors were determined using binary logistic regression. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 138 patients were included in the study. Nearly three-fourths (74.6%) of patients had poor glycemic control and the majority of patients had poor self-care practice. 78.3%, 98.6%, 96.4%, and 55.8% of patients had poor adherence to diet, exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and medications respectively. Importantly, 85(79%), 102(75%), 99(74.4%), and 65(84.4%) patients with poor adherence to diet, physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and antidiabetic medications had poor glycemic control. On multivariate logistic regression, BMI (AOR 4.1, CI:1.20-14.11, p = 0.024) and drug adherence (AOR 3.08, CI:1.22-7.08, p = 0.017) were factors associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusions A higher proportion of patients had low-level of self-care practice and poor glycemic control. This highlights the need to improve patients' awareness about the importance of self-care practice to maintain good glycemic control and prevent adverse outcomes associated with the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-00995-4.
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Alrasheed AA, Wafa AN, Hamouda RH, Alharthi SA, AlMotairi HM, Alsadhan KF, AlSaif HI, Almigbal TH. Nondisclosure of Medical Related Information by Persons with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to Their Healthcare Providers: Do Different Patterns Exist? Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:2937-2945. [PMID: 36329864 PMCID: PMC9624207 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s387915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The doctor-patient relationship is often challenged by complex communication issues and nondisclosure of important related medical information, especially in diabetes management. Very little information is known about diabetic patient nondisclosure to their doctors. The present study evaluated the prevalence of nondisclosure of information by persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus to healthcare providers and its associated factors among the Saudi population, as well as the differences between persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS A cross-sectional study targeting persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted at King Saud University Medical City, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. RESULTS A total of 285 participants were included in the study (155 [54.4%] and 130 [45.6%] type 1 and 2 diabetic patients, respectively). Having an unhealthy diet (25.3%, n = 72), not regularly exercising (23.5%, n = 67), hiding some glucose readings (23.2%, n = 65), and not following instructions for weight loss (22.8%, n = 44) were the most common types of nondisclosed information among diabetic patients. The nondisclosure of information was significantly higher among type 2 patients (29.2%) than type 1 diabetic patients (18.7%) in terms of not participating in regular exercise (p = 0.018). Similarly, the nondisclosure of information was significantly higher among persons with type 1 diabetes compared to persons with type 2 diabetes in terms of hiding some glucose readings (p < 0.001) and not disclosing hyperglycemia (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Nondisclosure of important related medical information among diabetic patients to their healthcare providers is prevalent among the Saudi population. Furthermore, the types and causes of nondisclosed information differ among persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alrasheed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Abdullah A Alrasheed, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 55 644 0445, Email
| | - Amaal N Wafa
- Department of Family Medicine, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham H Hamouda
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Alharthi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hour M AlMotairi
- Department of Family Medicine, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F Alsadhan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haytham I AlSaif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Siraj J, Abateka T, Kebede O. Patients’ Adherence to Anti-diabetic Medications and Associated Factors in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211067477. [PMID: 34932417 PMCID: PMC8721716 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211067477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A number of medications have been demonstrated to lower blood glucose. However, current-day management has failed to achieve and maintain the optimal glycemic level for diabetic patients. Patients’ non-adherence is among the most contributing factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications and associated factors. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used. Data were collected by structured questionnaire adapted from different literatures. Then, data were entered into SPSS version 25 and analyzed. To determine the association of dependent and independent variables, multiple logistic regression was done. P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 275 study participants were interviewed with a response rate of 100%. From this 53.8% were females, 59.3% were in the age group of 41-60 years, 35.3% were college/university graduates and 79.3% were not using social drugs. One hundred eighty-seven (68%) of them were adherent to their anti-diabetic medication. Factors found to be significantly associated with anti-diabetic medication adherence were age >60 years (AOR = .276, 95% CI = .124-.611) attending higher education (AOR = 6.203, 95% CI = 1.775-21.93), retired (AOR = 7.771, 95% CI = 1.458-41.427), housewife (AOR = 7.023, 95% CI = 1.485-33.215), average monthly income 1001birr-2000 birr (AOR = .246, 95% CI = .067-.911) and social drug use (AOR = 3.695, 95% CI = 1.599-8.542). Forgetfulness, not affording, side effects, misunderstanding of instructions, and poly-pharmacy were identified reasons for non-adherence. Conclusions and Recommendations: Patients’ adherence to anti-diabetic medications in the current study is sub-optimal. Age, monthly income, level of education, occupational status, and social drug use were associated with adherence. Forgetfulness, not affording, and side effects were reasons identified to contribute to non-adherence. Therefore, adherence counseling, use of alarms, and the way to mitigate non-affordability, including anti-diabetic medications into a program drug should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafer Siraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Turi Abateka
- Mizan-Tepi University students’ clinic, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Oliyad Kebede
- Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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