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Wang S, Zheng L. Parenting style and the non-cognitive development of high school student: evidence from rural China. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1393445. [PMID: 39091700 PMCID: PMC11291466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the relationship between parenting style and the non-cognitive development of high school students is crucial, particularly in rural China. Non-cognitive abilities, including traits such as emotional regulation, resilience, and interpersonal skills, play a significant role in students' overall development and future success. This study aims to investigate how different parenting styles impact non-cognitive abilities among high school students in rural China. Methods This study surveyed 6,549 high school students and their primary caregivers in rural China. The students had an average age of 17.61 years, with 48% being male, and 62% of Han ethnicity. Primary caregivers self-reported their parenting styles, while the students' non-cognitive abilities were assessed using the Big Five Inventory-Short (BFI-S). The relationship between parenting style and non-cognitive development was analyzed using two distinct methods: two dimensions (authoritative and authoritarian) and four categories of parenting styles. Results The study revealed that an authoritative parenting style had a positive impact on the non-cognitive abilities of students. Conversely, a negative association was observed between the authoritarian parenting style and the students' non-cognitive development. This association was more pronounced in the non-cognitive developmental scores of girls compared to boys. Additionally, parents from wealthier families or those with higher levels of education were more likely to adopt an authoritative parenting style rather than an authoritarian one. Discussion The results of this study highlight the significant influence of parenting styles on the non-cognitive development of high school students in rural China. Authoritative parenting, characterized by warmth and structure, appears to foster better non-cognitive outcomes, while authoritarian parenting, marked by strictness and less warmth, is associated with poorer non-cognitive development. The gender differences observed suggest that girls may be more sensitive to variations in parenting style. Furthermore, the socioeconomic and educational background of parents plays a crucial role in determining the parenting style adopted. These findings underscore the importance of developing and implementing parenting training interventions in rural China, aimed at promoting authoritative parenting practices to enhance the non-cognitive development of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangui Wang
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- China Anti-poverty Research Institute, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Zheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- China Anti-poverty Research Institute, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Chen K, Huang X, Jin Z, He J, Han B, Feng L, Meng N, Yang C, Yao P, Li Z. Parent-child attachment mediates the association between parental conflict perceptions and suicide intention: a cross-sectional survey among middle school students in China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1332095. [PMID: 38633232 PMCID: PMC11021730 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1332095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescent suicide is a prevalent issue globally, with various factors contributing to this phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate these factors and their interrelationships to better understand the causes of adolescent suicide and provide evidence for its prevention. Methods This study conducted among middle school students in Liaoning Province, China, from April to May 2016, A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,028 students aged 10-19, using instruments such as the Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), and revised version of Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPPA-R). Result Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents aged 15-19, adolescents with strong perceptions of parental conflict were at high risk of suicide intention. Adolescents living in rural areas, adolescents with high mother-child attachment, adolescents with high father-child attachment were at low risk of suicide intention. Furthermore, parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Discussion The study concludes that adolescents living in urban areas, older adolescents, adolescents with a high level of parental conflict intensity, and those with low levels of parent-child attachment are at high risk of suicide intention. parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Interventions aimed at reducing family conflicts and improving parent-child relationships are recommended to decrease the incidence of adolescent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyuan Huang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyu Jin
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingsong Han
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pin Yao
- Department of Health Management, Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Villarejo S, Garcia OF, Alcaide M, Villarreal ME, Garcia F. Early Family Experiences, Drug Use, and Psychosocial Adjustment across the Life Span: Is Parental Strictness Always a Protective Factor? PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION = INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2024; 33:15-27. [PMID: 38298214 PMCID: PMC10826981 DOI: 10.5093/pi2023a16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study analyzes whether parental strictness, which is shared by authoritative parenting (strictness and warmth) and authoritarian parenting (strictness without warmth) styles, always acts as a main protective factor against drug use and psychosocial maladjustment in children. This conclusion has already been stated in numerous classic studies, though emergent research suggests that there are benefits to parental warmth regardless of whether strictness is present or not. Method: Sample were 2,095 Spanish participants (1,227 females, 58.6%), 581 adolescent children (aged 12-18 years, 27.7%) and 1,514 adult children (72.3%). The measures were the main parenting style dimensions (warmth and strictness), drug use, and a set of indicators of psychosocial adjustment. A 4 × 2 × 4 MANOVA was applied for all outcomes with parenting style, sex, and age as independent variables. Results: Indulgent parenting (warmth without strictness) was related to less drug use than parenting without warmth (authoritarian and neglectful). Additionally, indulgent and authoritative parenting styles were related to better scores on psychosocial adjustment than authoritarian and neglectful styles, although the indulgent parenting was the only style related to the optimal scores being equal or even more effective than the authoritative style. Conclusion: Contrary to classical studies, present findings suggest that it is the parental warmth instead of the parental strictness that seems to be effective in protecting against drug use and psychosocial maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Villarejo
- University of ValenciaValenciaSpainUniversity of Valencia, Spain;
| | - Oscar F. Garcia
- University of ValenciaValenciaSpainUniversity of Valencia, Spain;
| | - Marta Alcaide
- University of ValenciaValenciaSpainUniversity of Valencia, Spain;
| | - Maria E. Villarreal
- Autonomous University of Nuevo LeonMonterreyMexicoAutonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Fernando Garcia
- University of ValenciaValenciaSpainUniversity of Valencia, Spain;
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Tan R, Yang Y, Huang T, Lin X, Gao H. Parent-child attachment and mental health in young adolescents: a moderated mediation analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1298485. [PMID: 38187411 PMCID: PMC10768540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The parent-child attachment has a significant impact on adolescents' mental health. However, the influence of psychological quality and coping styles on this connection remains unknown. This study examined the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescent mental health, by exploring the mediating role of psychological quality and the moderating role of coping styles. Methods A total of 633 young adolescents participated in this study after signing informed consent. They anonymously completed questionnaires including the Parent and Peer Attachment Scale (Parent Attachment Section), the Coping Styles Inventory for Middle School Students, the Brief Version of the Psychological Quality Inventory for Middle School Students, and the Chinese Middle School Students'Psychological Quality Inventory. After controlling for gender, grade, left-behind category, only-child status, and family structure. Results The moderated mediation model yielded the following findings: (a) parent-child attachment significantly and positively predicted adolescents'mental health; (b) psychological quality partially mediated the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescents' mental health; (c) the association between psychological quality and mental health was moderated by task-focused coping. Discussion This moderation effect was more substantial for students with low task-focused coping behaviors, which aligns with the "exclusionary hypothesis" model. Therefore, our results indicate that parent-child attachment indirectly impacts mental health, influenced by internal and external factors. These findings carry significant implications for safeguarding and promoting adolescents' mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Preschool Education, Jiangmen Preschool Education College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xuanxuan Lin
- Institute of Education Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Gao
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Li M, Xu Q, Han X, Jiang Y, Ya R, Li J. A cross-sectional historical study on the changes in self-esteem among Chinese adolescents from 1996 to 2019. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1280041. [PMID: 38106402 PMCID: PMC10722898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1280041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes in self-esteem levels among Chinese adolescents from 1996 to 2019. In this cross-sectional historical study, 109 articles using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) were selected from three Chinese and five English databases. The results showed that: (1) The self-esteem level of Chinese adolescents was positively correlated with the period, indicating that the self-esteem of Chinese adolescents was gradually increasing. (2) The increase in self-esteem level of girls was higher than that of boys. (3) The increase in the self-esteem level of only child was higher than that of non-only child. (4) The self-esteem level of rural adolescents increased year by year. However, the self-esteem level of urban adolescents was not significantly correlated with the years. (5) The changes in macro social factors can significantly predict the upward trend of the self-esteem level of Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
- School of Education, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Ethnic Education and Psychological Development Research Base, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Student Bullying Prevention and Control Research Center, Tongliao, China
| | - Qinghong Xu
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
- School of Foreign Languages, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Xiangwei Han
- School of Education, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yongzhi Jiang
- School of Education, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Ethnic Education and Psychological Development Research Base, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Student Bullying Prevention and Control Research Center, Tongliao, China
| | - Ru Ya
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
- School of Education, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
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Li D, Li W, Zhu X. Parenting style and children emotion management skills among Chinese children aged 3-6: the chain mediation effect of self-control and peer interactions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1231920. [PMID: 37790239 PMCID: PMC10543697 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1231920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drawing on ecosystem theory, which is based on the interaction of family environment, individual characteristics, and social adaptation, this study aimed to examine the effects of parenting style on emotion management skills and the mediating roles of self-control and peer interactions among Chinese children aged 3-6 years. Some studies have investigated the relationship between parenting style and emotion management skills. However, research on the underlying mechanisms is still deficient. A sample of 2,303 Chinese children completed the PSDQ-Short Version, the Self-Control Teacher Rating Questionnaire, the Peer Interaction Skills Scale, and the Emotion Management Skills Questionnaire. The results show that: (1) Authoritarian parenting style negatively predicted children's emotion management skills, self-control, and peer interactions; (2) Authoritative parenting style positively predicted children's emotion management skills, self-control, and peer interactions; (3) Structural equation models indicated that self-control and peer interactions partially mediated the effects of authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles. The parenting style of Chinese children aged 3-6 years is related to emotion management skills, and self-control and peer interactions have chain mediating effects between parenting style and children's emotion management skills. These results provide further guidance for the prevention and intervention of emotional and mental health problems in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexian Li
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Wencan Li
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingchen Zhu
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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