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Hatoum S, Mukamana D, Gishoma D, Kayiranga D, Pan W, Relf MV. Intimate Partner Violence Among Rwandan Women With HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2024; 35:222-233. [PMID: 38569185 PMCID: PMC11216853 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In Rwanda, women have higher incidence of HIV and intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IPV among women living with HIV (WWH) in Rwanda and measure the difference in psychological outcomes, demographic data, and HIV-related outcomes using a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational design. A convenience sample of 162 Rwandan WWH were purposefully recruited to participate. The study collected demographic data and data about IPV, depression, HIV-related stigma, coping, self-esteem, and hope. The prevalence of any form of IPV in the sample was 27% with psychological IPV being the most prevalent. Demographic data had no statistical significance with the prevalence of IPV. WWH who experienced IPV had higher HIV stigma, lower coping self-efficacy, lower self-esteem, and less hope and worse HIV psychological outcomes. Further studies are needed to look into the correlation between the two and interventions addressing IPV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Hatoum
- Sandy Hatoum, MSc-GH, BScN, is a Graduate of the Master of Science, Global Health program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor, the School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD in Nursing Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Wei Pan, PhD, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Michael Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is a Professor of Nursing and Global Health, Duke University, School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donatilla Mukamana
- Sandy Hatoum, MSc-GH, BScN, is a Graduate of the Master of Science, Global Health program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor, the School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD in Nursing Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Wei Pan, PhD, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Michael Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is a Professor of Nursing and Global Health, Duke University, School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darius Gishoma
- Sandy Hatoum, MSc-GH, BScN, is a Graduate of the Master of Science, Global Health program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor, the School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD in Nursing Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Wei Pan, PhD, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Michael Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is a Professor of Nursing and Global Health, Duke University, School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dieudonne Kayiranga
- Sandy Hatoum, MSc-GH, BScN, is a Graduate of the Master of Science, Global Health program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor, the School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD in Nursing Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Wei Pan, PhD, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Michael Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is a Professor of Nursing and Global Health, Duke University, School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- Sandy Hatoum, MSc-GH, BScN, is a Graduate of the Master of Science, Global Health program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor, the School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD in Nursing Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Wei Pan, PhD, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Michael Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is a Professor of Nursing and Global Health, Duke University, School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael V Relf
- Sandy Hatoum, MSc-GH, BScN, is a Graduate of the Master of Science, Global Health program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor, the School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD in Nursing Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
- Wei Pan, PhD, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Michael Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is a Professor of Nursing and Global Health, Duke University, School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Abdel-Salam DM, ALruwaili B, Osman DM, Alazmi MMM, ALghayyadh SAM, Al-sharari RGZ, Mohamed RA. Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Attending Different Primary Health Centers in Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010598. [PMID: 35010864 PMCID: PMC8744963 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious and widespread problem worldwide. IPV can seriously influence the physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health of women as well as the welfare of their children. In the Middle East, IPV is pervasive and widely acceptable. The present study was done to determine the prevalence and correlates of IPV among women attending different primary health centers in the Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 Saudi women attending different primary health centers in the Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. A structured anonymous questionnaire was distributed to the targeted population during a face-to-face interview. Data analysis was done using the SPSS program, version 24. Results: The present study showed that 30.3% of the participants had been exposed to IPV over the last year. Concerning the types of violence, the present study revealed that emotional violence is the highest followed by physical and then sexual violence representing 92.6%, 67.2%, and 44.3%, respectively. The significant predictors of IPV were women with one to three children (OR = 7.322, p-value = 0.006), women with four children or more (OR = 13.463, p-value = 0.006), and women married to husbands with aggressive behavior (OR = 98.703, p-value < 0.001). Not taking the approval on marriage was significantly associated with more exposure to violence (OR = 3.190, p-value = 0.042). In addition, husband smoking status was a significant predictor for IPV (OR = 2.774, p-value = 0.012). However, women married to alcoholic drinkers had a significantly lower risk for exposure to IPV (OR = 0.108, p-value = 0.040). On the other hand, women’s age, marital status, women’s educational level, monthly income in RS, perception of income sufficiency, marriage duration, the age difference between women and their husband, and drug abuse status of the husband were not significant predictors of IPV (p-value ≥ 0.05). Sociocultural effects were the most frequent reason for IPV as reported by the participants (57.4%). The most common consequences of IPV were psychological problems (75.4%) and injuries (42.6%). Women’s reactions to IPV were leaving home (32.8%) or no reaction (36.8%) to retain their marriage. Conclusions: IPV remains an important public health problem among married women in this study area. Urgent interventions including educational and screening programs for Saudi women are required to mitigate the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M. Abdel-Salam
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bashayer ALruwaili
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Doaa Mohamed Osman
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Maha Mamluh M. Alazmi
- College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.M.A.); (S.A.M.A.); (R.G.Z.A.-s.)
| | | | | | - Rehab A. Mohamed
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
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