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Niksirat S, Rouhani‐Tonekaboni N, Shakiba M, Kasmaei P. Preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among health care providers in Iran: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1839. [PMID: 38299211 PMCID: PMC10825499 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim During outbreaks of infectious diseases, if healthcare providers do not follow the principles of prevention, the risk of personal infection increases and they become a source of infection spread. This study aimed to determine the factors related to the preventive health behaviors of COVID-19 among Iranian healthcare providers based on protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods This analytical cross-sectional study included 346 healthcare providers. Data was collected by an online researcher-made questionnaire based on PMT. To analyze the data, independent T tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and SPSS 22 software were used. α was considered as 0.05. Results 85.3% of the healthcare providers would always wear masks, 80.7% would always refuse to kiss and touch hands with others, and 34.7% sometimes would exercise at home. The preventive behaviors were significantly correlated with protection motivation (r = 0.84), self-efficacy (r = 0.51), response efficiency (r = 0.43), perceived severity (r = 0.41) Fear (r = 0.21), perceived susceptibility (r = 0.11), response cost (r = -0.14), and reward (r = -0.15). PMT constructs were able to predict 77% of the variance of the behaviors and the protection motivation construct was the strongest predictor (β = 0.806). Income above 300 Dolars per month was significantly related to the decrease in the mean score of preventive behaviors against COVID-19. The female sex and the individual or family history of infectious diseases were significantly related to increasing the mean score of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Conclusion Based on the study results, it is suggested that some educational interventions be designed and implemented with a focus on this construct and the perceived severity construct and that more attention be given to the education of health care providers with high-income levels, male providers, and the individuals without a history of corona infection in themselves or their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souri Niksirat
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of HealthGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Nooshin Rouhani‐Tonekaboni
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of HealthGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Maryam Shakiba
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of HealthGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Parisa Kasmaei
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of HealthGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
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Karimi M, Khoramaki Z, Faradonbeh MR, Ghaedi M, Ashoori F, Asadollahi A. Predictors of hospital nursing staff's adherence to safe injection guidelines: application of the protection motivation theory in Fars province, Iran. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:25. [PMID: 38191446 PMCID: PMC10775610 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Needle stick injuries (NSI) can lead to dangerous infectious diseases for health care workers. This study aimed to determine the predictors of observance of safe injection guidelines in hospital nursing staff, based on protection motivation theory. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on the nursing staff of five randomly selected teaching and general hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars province, Iran, in 2021. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which was developed based on protection motivation theory. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 22 and Amos 24 at a significance level of < 0.05. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple linear regression, and Structural Equation Modeling were used. RESULTS The mean age of the participants (No = 280) was 32.5 ± 8.09 years. Most of the participants [80%] had encountered NSI, patients' blood, or body fluids at least once. Protection motivation was the only predictor of protective behaviors (β = 0.573), while perceived efficacy (β = 0.142) and perceived rewards (β = -0.229) were the strongest predictors of motivation. The structural equation modeling analysis showed that standardized total effects of protection motivation, perceived response costs, rewards, and efficacy on the protective behaviors were 0.573, -0.159, -.104, and 0.81, respectively. While standardized total effects of perceived rewards, efficacy, and response cost on protection motivation were -0.229, 0.142, and -0.033, respectively. The model fit indices indicated the acceptable final model fit. CONCLUSION The results suggest that perceived efficacy, perceived effectiveness, and perceived rewards were the most important predictors of adherence to Safe Injection Guidelines in nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Karimi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zakieh Khoramaki
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rabiey Faradonbeh
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashoori
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Asadollahi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Gerontology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Nagao K, Yoshiike T, Okubo R, Matsui K, Kawamura A, Izuhara M, Utsumi T, Hazumi M, Shinozaki M, Tsuru A, Sasaki Y, Takeda K, Komaki H, Oi H, Kim Y, Kuriyama K, Hidehiko Takahashi, Miyama T, Nakagome K. Association between health anxiety dimensions and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among Japanese healthcare workers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22176. [PMID: 38034695 PMCID: PMC10685365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Health anxiety (HA), defined as excessive worry about having a serious medical condition, may affect preventive behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We examined the distinct role of two dimensions of HA-perceived likelihood (probability dimension) and awfulness of illness (awfulness dimension)-in self-protection, as reflected in preventive behaviors during the pandemic. Methods Participants comprised 657 healthcare workers. Data were collected between February 24 and 26, 2021. The Short Health Anxiety Inventory determined the HA dimensions. Adherence to the government's recommendations for COVID-19 preventive behaviors was self-rated. An independent association between each HA dimension and participants' adherence to the recommendations was examined using multivariable regression. Results Within the analyzed sample of 560 subjects, severe HA was observed in 9.1 %. The more the participants felt awful, the less frequently they engaged in the recommended preventive behaviors (adjusted odds ratio = 0.993, 95 % confidence interval: 0.989, 0.998, p = 0.003) regardless of their profession, working position, psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and current physical diseases. However, the probability dimension was not associated with their preventive behaviors. Conclusion The awfulness dimension of HA could be a more sensitive marker of preventive behaviors than the probability dimension. Paying particular attention to the awfulness dimension may help optimize self-protection strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. A two-dimensional understanding of HA may be useful for the maintenance of the healthcare system and public health as well as healthcare workers' own health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nagao
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshiike
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Aoi Kawamura
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Muneto Izuhara
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Utsumi
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Megumi Hazumi
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Mio Shinozaki
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsuru
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Hideki Oi
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kuriyama
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyama
- Department of Surgery, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
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Hedayati S, Damghanian H, Farhadinejad M, Rastgar AA. Meta-analysis on application of Protection Motivation Theory in preventive behaviors against COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2023:103758. [PMID: 37359108 PMCID: PMC10278899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on quantitative conclusion and appraisal of findings from Protection Motivation Theory to predict protective behaviors against COVID-19. This meta-analysis covered the period between 2019 and 2022. Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Emerald, PubMed, Springer, Sage, Online Wiley Library, Taylor & Francis and ProQuest were searched to find related articles to the study topic. Using Effect Size of Random model, the quality of each study, homogeneous of studies and Publication bias of data were analyzed and assessed by CMA2 software. The results indicate that perceived severity (β=0.197), perceived vulnerability (β=0.160), response efficacy (β=0.251) and self-efficacy (β=0.270) are positively associated with COVID-19 disease. In addition, the results show that Response cost (β=-0.074) is a negative and weak predictor of motivation to protect against COVID-19. The results of this study regarding Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)- as a very strong and flexible theory during outbreak of COVID-19- may suggest that despite positive protection, the mean of Effect Size of total PMT elements is less than average size. Meta-analysis of studies shows that coping appraisal variables provide the strongest predictors of behavior and intention. Furthermore, self-efficacy was identified as the most important determinant in protective behaviors against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Hedayati
- Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Damghanian
- Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farhadinejad
- Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Rastgar
- Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Park M, Oh K, Kim H, Fan X, Giap TTT, Song R. Cognitive and Emotional Motivation to Explain Infection-Prevention Behaviors with Social Support as a Mediator During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Korea. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:1063-1073. [PMID: 37096161 PMCID: PMC10122465 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s404310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To predict the performance of infection-prevention behaviors among adults in Korea based on the health belief model, using social support as a mediator. Patients and Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 700 participants from the local community was conducted using both online and offline methods from 8 metropolitan cities and 9 provinces in Korea from November 2021 to March 2022. The questionnaire was composed of 4 sections: demographic information, motivational factors for behavior change, social support, and infection-prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with the AMOS program. The general least-squares method was applied to assess the fit of the model and the bootstrapping method was tested for indirect effect and the total effect. Results Motivation factors that directly affected infection-prevention behaviors were self-efficacy (γ=0.58, p<0.001), perceived barriers (γ=-.08, p=0.004), perceived benefits (γ=0.10, p=0.002), perceived threats (γ=0.08, p=0.009), and social support (γ=0.13, p<0.001), after controlling for related demographic variables. Cognitive and emotional motivation factors together explained 59% of the variance in infection-prevention behaviors. Social support exerted significant mediating effects between each cognitive and emotional motivation variable and infection-prevention behaviors, along with a significant direct effect on infection-prevention behaviors (γ=0.12, p<0.001). Conclusion The engagement of prevention behaviors among community-dwelling adults was influenced by their self-efficacy, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and perceived threats with social support as a mediator. Prevention policy approaches could include providing specific information to improve self-efficacy and build awareness of the severity of the disease while establishing a supportive social environment for promoting health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myonghwa Park
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Keunyeob Oh
- College of Economics and Management, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- School of Business, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Xing Fan
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thi-Thanh-Thnh Giap
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rhayun Song
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Gray J, AlAnazi AA, AlSumait F, Abu-Shaheen A, Bashir MS, Al Sheef M. What motivated residents of Saudi Arabia to receive the COVID-19 vaccine? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1065157. [PMID: 36825136 PMCID: PMC9941561 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1065157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acceptance of vaccination is a multifactorial issue. The unprecedented speed at which the COVID-19 disease spread globally has meant that people have had to face the idea of receiving novel vaccines for a novel disease. Purpose Studies conducted earlier in the pandemic had shown high vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia, therefore we wanted to understand the motivating factors for people living in Saudi Arabia with regards to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine, our survey was conducted when the government had already mandated vaccination to enter public spaces. Saudi society is not particularly outspoken and therefore it was of special importance to the authors to explore the motivation behind COVID-19 vaccines. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey of 802 participants living in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was distributed to staff, visitors, and patients in a hospital in Saudi Arabia and via electronic means to the general population. Results A total of 521 (65%) of the respondents were women, and 281 (35%) were men. A total of 710 (88.5%) were Saudi, and 55 (6.9%) were non-Saudi. The majority of participants (496, 65.7%) stated that they registered for the vaccine as soon as it was available, with 185 (24.5%) stating that they registered when they were mandated to do so and 74 (9.8%) registered only when they felt cases were increasing. Most participants (316, 41%) stated that the main reason for taking the vaccine was one of a self-protective nature, followed by indirect vaccination (240, 31.1%), paternalistic reasons (157, 20.4%) and altruistic reasons (58, 7.5%). Conclusions With the increased burden on healthcare that is being faced by COVID-19, other resources need to be carefully allocated. This paper may aid the Saudi government in understanding the motivation for the population to take the vaccine and therefore facilitate any future vaccination campaigns to ensure the best utilization of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Gray
- Dentistry Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Jenny Gray ✉
| | - Ahmed AlHumaidi AlAnazi
- Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad AlSumait
- Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Abu-Shaheen
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Salman Bashir
- Department of Biostatistics, Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Sheef
- Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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He M, Chen JH, Wu AMS, Tong KK. Intention to maintain and willingness to stop: Applying a dual-process model to understanding the maintenance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:315-336. [PMID: 35691935 PMCID: PMC9349392 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventive behaviors have played an essential role in coping with COVID-19 and may continue to exerting a crucial impact on pandemic control in the future. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of social-cognitive factors on maintenance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors based on a dual-process model, which encompasses a reasoned path via the intention to maintain and a social reaction path via the willingness to stop. We collected a probability sample of 472 community-dwelling adults. Social-cognitive factors, behavioral tendencies, and preventive behaviors of COVID-19 were measured. The results supported that the dual-process framework could account for individual differences in preventive behaviors. Self-efficacy and response cost significantly explained the intention to maintain preventive behaviors, while favorability of risk image and subjective norm significantly explained the willingness to stop preventive behaviors. Our findings proposed strategies for promoting individuals' maintenance of preventive behaviors during a pandemic. The development of prevention policies may focus on two paths: strengthening the intended path by enhancing self-efficacy and decreasing response cost of preventive behaviors and monitoring and improving social influences, such as risk prototype and subjective norm, which can reduce the willingness to stop preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Toghanian R, Ghasemi S, Hosseini M, Nasiri M. Protection Behaviors and Related Factors Against COVID-19 in the Healthcare Workers of the Hospitals in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2022; 27:587-592. [PMID: 36712308 PMCID: PMC9881561 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_430_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Protective behaviors play a key role in reducing the incidence of COVID-19 in HealthCare Workers (HCWs), and these behaviors are related to other factors. These related factors have not been comprehensively evaluated and determined in the literature. This study aimed to determine protection behaviors against COVID-19 and their related factors using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) among HCWs of hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. Materials and Methods For this cross-sectional study, 270 HCWs of different wards in 3 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were selected through multistage sampling (April to July 2021). The participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire which consisted of a demographic characteristics form and questions about protective behaviors against COVID-19 and other constructs of the PMT (60 items). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential methods. Results The mean score of the protective behaviors of the HCWs was 4.20 (SD = 0.56) and was significantly higher in the nurses, women, married individuals, and those with a BSc degree compared with others (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that protection behavior among HCWs could be strongly predicted by the type of profession, protection motivation/intention, and self-efficacy constructs (F14, 255 = 16.34, p < 0.001). Conclusions The protection behaviors of HCWs against COVID-19 were relatively desirable and these behaviors were related to and predicted by various factors. These results could apply to developing plans for protective behaviors against COVID-19 and possibly other infectious diseases among HCWs. Further research in this regard is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Toghanian
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Saeed Ghasemi, Vali Asr Ave., Niayesh Cross Road, Niayesh Educational Complex, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Meimanat Hosseini
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lohiniva AL, Toura S, Arifulla D, Ollgren J, Lyytikäinen O. Exploring behavioural factors influencing COVID-19-specific infection prevention and control measures in Finland: a mixed-methods study, December 2020 to March 2021. EURO SURVEILLANCE : BULLETIN EUROPEEN SUR LES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES = EUROPEAN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE BULLETIN 2022; 27. [PMID: 36205170 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.40.2100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundCompliance with infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is critical to preventing COVID-19 transmission in healthcare settings.AimTo identify and explain factors influencing compliance with COVID-19-specific IPC measures among healthcare workers (HCWs) in long-term care facilities (LTCF) in Finland.MethodsThe study included a web-based survey and qualitative study based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). The link to the anonymous survey was distributed via email to LTCFs through regional IPC experts in December 2020. Outcome was modelled using ordinary logistic regression and penalised ridge logistic regression using regrouped explanatory variables and an original, more correlated set of explanatory variables, respectively. In-depth interviews were conducted among survey participants who volunteered during January-March 2021. Data were analysed thematically using qualitative data analysis software (NVIVO12).ResultsA total of 422 HCWs from 17/20 regions responded to the survey. Three TDF domains were identified that negatively influenced IPC compliance: environmental context and resources, reinforcement and beliefs about capabilities. Twenty HCWs participated in interviews, which resulted in identification of several themes: changes in professional duties and lack of staff planning for emergencies (domain: environmental context and resources); management culture and physical absence of management (domain: reinforcement), knowledge of applying IPC measures, nature of tasks and infrastructure that supports implementation (domain: beliefs about capabilities), that explained how the domains negatively influenced their IPC behaviour.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into behavioural domains that can be used in developing evidence-based behaviour change interventions to support HCW compliance with pandemic-specific IPC measures in LTCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saija Toura
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dinah Arifulla
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Ollgren
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Su DN, Truong TM, Luu TT, Huynh HMT, O'Mahony B. Career resilience of the tourism and hospitality workforce in the COVID-19: The protection motivation theory perspective. TOURISM MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES 2022; 44:101039. [PMID: 36340594 PMCID: PMC9618435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
By applying the protection motivation theory, the study aims to investigate factors influencing tourism and hospitality (T&H) workers' career resilience when faced with health-related risks at work during a pandemic. Data were collected from 495 part-time and full-time employees in the Vietnamese tourism and hospitality sector. The study found that workers' perceived vulnerability and perceived severity of the pandemic were positively associated with career resilience. Perceived severity was positively related to self-efficacy and response efficacy, while perceived vulnerability was positively associated with self-efficacy only. Both self-efficacy and response efficacy positively influenced career resilience through the mediating role of health risk preventative behavior. Theoretically, the study advances the stream of research in resilience in general and career resilience in particular among T&H workers when faced with a health-related crisis. Practical implications are provided with recommendations on how to facilitate career resilience among T&H employees working in the current high-risk environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diep Ngoc Su
- The University of Danang - University of Economics, 71 Ngu Hanh Son, Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Minh Truong
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haizhuan Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tuan Trong Luu
- School of Business, Law & Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn 3122, Australia
| | - Hanh My Thi Huynh
- The University of Danang - University of Economics, 71 Ngu Hanh Son, Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Barry O'Mahony
- Abu Dhabi University, College of Business, Box 59111, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Upake C, Nanthamongkolchai S, Taechaboonsermsak P, Yodmai K, Suksatan W. Factors Predicting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Preventive Behaviors of Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangkok, Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10361. [PMID: 36011996 PMCID: PMC9407893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the health behaviors of older adults. Thus, the factors predicting the COVID-19 preventive behaviors of older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak should be examined. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the COVID-19 preventive behaviors of older adults and explore the factors predicting these. A cross-sectional study was performed with 400 older adults who were selected using the cluster sampling technique. The associations of all variables in preventing COVID-19 infection with COVID-19 preventive behaviors were examined using stepwise multiple regression. The study results revealed that 70.8% of the study participants had high levels of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Among these, self-efficacy in preventing COVID-19 infection (β = 0.224) showed the highest ability to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors, followed by COVID-19 response efficacy (β = 0.171), knowledge about COVID-19 (β = 0.110), and gender (β = -0.102). Older adults adopted protective behaviors at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The predictors of these behaviors should be considered while designing and developing appropriate COVID-19 preventive behavior interventions, aimed at inducing behavioral modifications to reduce further infection with and spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunphen Upake
- Department of Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sutham Nanthamongkolchai
- Department of Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Korravarn Yodmai
- Department of Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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12
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O'Brien N, Vijaykumar S, Craig M, Land E, Aquilar Jocol SM, Bedoya Mendoza XG, de la Cruz Estrada R, Najera Gonzalez EA, Nicolau Ozaeta LF. A pre- and post-intervention study testing the effect of exposure to languageless animated images communicating COVID-19 preventive behaviours on behavioural intentions and beliefs of Guatemalan adults. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05018. [PMID: 35862262 PMCID: PMC9304925 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective health communication to encourage participation in COVID-19 preventive behaviours is crucial in helping mitigate viral spread. Intentions and beliefs are known determinants of adherence to these behaviours, therefore, health communication interventions based on these constructs may be effective. Visual languageless messages can be particularly useful in multilingual countries, where text-based communications can limit message exposure. This pre- and post-intervention study sought to identify the effect of exposure to languageless animated messages, presented in the Graphic Interchange Format (GIF), communicating COVID-19 preventive behaviours (physical distancing, handwashing, and mask-wearing) on behavioural intentions and beliefs. Methods Between February and March 2021, a nationally representative sample of 308 Guatemalan adults completed this online survey experiment. Self-reported performance of preventive behaviours, understanding of COVID-19 transmission risk, as well as intentions, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy beliefs about preventive behaviours were assessed at baseline. Participants were then exposed to a random combination of three of four possible GIFs in random presentation order. Following exposure to each GIF, intentions, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy beliefs were reassessed. Results In terms of main effects, GIF exposure was significantly associated with improved intentions, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy beliefs in relation to physical distancing; intentions and outcome expectancy beliefs in relation to handwashing; and intentions and self-efficacy in relation to mask-wearing. These associations were not dependent on the combination of the three of four possible GIFs presented. Pairwise comparisons revealed that observed improvements in scores were most pronounced from baseline to the first GIF exposure and reduced thereafter. Conclusions Exposure to languageless GIFs communicating COVID-19 preventive behaviours is associated with improvements in key social-cognitive determinants of those behaviours. Dosage of GIF exposure and durability of effects are issues that warrant further attention so we can better understand the conditions and point at which benefits are maximised. Moreover, the effect on behavioural adherence is yet to be determined. GIFs provide a valuable means to widely disseminate health messages via social media during public health crises, such as COVID-19. When these messages are languageless, the potential reach of dissemination can be maximised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Santosh Vijaykumar
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Craig
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ellie Land
- Department of Arts, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sigrid M Aquilar Jocol
- The Human Rights Office of the Archbishop of Guatemala (Oficina de Derechos Humanos del Arzobispado de Guatemala, ODHAG), Guatemala
| | - Xiomara G Bedoya Mendoza
- The Human Rights Office of the Archbishop of Guatemala (Oficina de Derechos Humanos del Arzobispado de Guatemala, ODHAG), Guatemala
| | - Rony de la Cruz Estrada
- The Human Rights Office of the Archbishop of Guatemala (Oficina de Derechos Humanos del Arzobispado de Guatemala, ODHAG), Guatemala
| | - Edwin A Najera Gonzalez
- The Human Rights Office of the Archbishop of Guatemala (Oficina de Derechos Humanos del Arzobispado de Guatemala, ODHAG), Guatemala
| | - Luisa F Nicolau Ozaeta
- The Human Rights Office of the Archbishop of Guatemala (Oficina de Derechos Humanos del Arzobispado de Guatemala, ODHAG), Guatemala
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Li S, Gao Z, Zhong M, Yu Z, Li J, Bi H. Chinese University Students' Awareness and Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:845-864. [PMID: 35519502 PMCID: PMC9064172 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s360274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The emergence of the mutant virus has exacerbated the COVID-19 epidemic, and vaccines remain an effective and viable means of resistance. As a socially influential young group, university students’ awareness and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine are crucial to achieving herd immunity. This study aimed to assess the awareness and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among Chinese university students and identify possible factors associated with their awareness level and vaccine hesitancy. Patients and Methods An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted among Chinese university students between 10 and 28 June 2021. We collected information on the demographic characteristics, awareness and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, and influencing factors. Sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders were also evaluated. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Among the 721 participants (aged 18 to 23 years) with a female predominance (68.9%), 40.4% of cases exhibited moderate awareness the COVID-19 vaccine, and 87.4% of cases expressed high acceptance of the vaccine. Participants’ awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with gender, ethnicity, region of residence, grade level, satisfaction with current state of pandemic control, the perceived likelihood of a COVID-19 pandemic rebound, the source number of COVID-19 information, concerns about differences in vaccine manufacturers, acceptance of current state-approved vaccines and insomnia level. Furthermore, age, preferred channels for vaccination and the acceptance of current state-approved vaccines were significantly associated with their acceptance of the vaccine. Conclusion This study reflected Chinese university students’ high acceptance, but insufficient awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine, some students have insomnia and anxiety problems. These require the government to take measures such as individualized publicity and education, adding professional psychological counseling courses to improve the university students’ awareness of vaccines and public health events, and comprehensively promote vaccination to cope with the ever-changing situation of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihan Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Bi
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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HADIZADEH-TALASAZ FATEMEH, MOHAMMADZADEH FATEMEH, DELSHAD NOGHABI ALI. Predictors of the Social Distancing Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic using Protection Motivation Theory in Iran: A cross sectional study. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E35-E43. [PMID: 35647365 PMCID: PMC9121673 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.1.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Social distancing is a key behavior to minimize Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Since the change of behavior is the only way to prevent this pandemic, this study aimed to predict the social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic using protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted through a convenience sampling method on 796 individuals over 15 years old from urban and rural areas of different cities in Iran during 2020. The data were collected online using demographic characteristics form, PMT and social distancing behaviors questionnaires. Afterward, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) through linear correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression tests. Results The Mean ± SD score of social distancing behaviors was obtained at 4.42 ± 0.31. The results of the hierarchical linear regression model showed that after adjusting the effect of socio-demographic variables, self-efficacy (Beta = 0.238, P < 0.001) was the strongest predictor of social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by intention (Beta = 0.233, P < 0.001) and perceived severity (Beta = 0.083, P = 0.028). PMT constructs and intention was able to predict 40% of social distancing behaviors in total. Conclusions In the prevalence of infectious diseases, individuals differ in adherence to social distancing behaviors. The PMT was a useful framework for prediction social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this theory can be used as a framework in designing educational programs to increase self-efficacy and encourage individuals to observe social distancing behaviors as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- FATEMEH HADIZADEH-TALASAZ
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - FATEMEH MOHAMMADZADEH
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - ALI DELSHAD NOGHABI
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Sousa RKD, Gonçalves N, Silva TL, Echevarria-Guanilo ME. EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL NA ASSISTÊNCIA HOSPITALAR DE ENFERMAGEM: REVISÃO DE ESCOPO. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2021-0421pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre o uso de equipamento de proteção individual pelos profissionais da enfermagem durante a assistência no âmbito hospitalar. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, baseada no Manual Institute Joanna Briggs de 2020 e norteado pelo PRISMA-PCR. Utilizou-se como base de dados PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, BDENF, SCOPUS e WEB of SCIENCE, sendo o período de busca escolhido nos últimos 20 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a outubro de 2021. Protocolo de estudo disponível em Framework: https://osf.io/7d8q9/files/. Foram incluídos estudos sobre o uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual na assistência direta da equipe de enfermagem nos hospitais e excluídos aqueles que abordassem em outros cenários, revisões, teses, dissertações e estudos não disponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 26 documentos. O equipamento mais citado e com maior adesão nos estudos foram as luvas de procedimento, enquanto que o uso dos óculos foi o menor. Dos fatores que facilitam o uso dos EPIs pelos enfermeiros destacam-se as relações interpessoais, conhecimento, carga de trabalho, padronização das diretrizes e participação da equipe assistencial nas decisões gerenciais. Conclusão: a necessidade de educação dos profissionais utilizando como estratégia o conhecimento comportamental, a manutenção da comunicação nos setores para evitar a contaminação, a influência da carga de trabalho, a padronização das diretrizes são necessárias nos serviços de saúde hospitalar para aumentar o engajamento dos profissionais de saúde às práticas de biossegurança.
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Sousa RKD, Gonçalves N, Silva TL, Echevarria-Guanilo ME. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HOSPITAL NURSING CARE: A SCOPING REVIEW. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2021-0421en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the scientific production on the use of Personal Protective Equipment by Nursing professionals during the care provided in the hospital environment. Method: this is a scoping review, based on the 2020 Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and guided by PRISMA-PCR. PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, BDENF, SCOPUS and WEB of SCIENCE were used as databases, choosing a search period corresponding to the last 20 years. Data collection took place from September to October 2021. The study protocol is available in the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/7d8q9/files/. Studies on the use of Personal Protective Equipment in direct care provided by the Nursing team in hospitals were included; and those that addressed reviews, theses and dissertations in other settings were excluded, as well as studies not available in full. Results: the sample consisted of 26 documents. The items most cited and with the highest adherence in the studies were procedure gloves, while use of goggles was the least mentioned. The following stand out among the factors that facilitate PPE use by nurses: interpersonal relationships, knowledge, workload, standardization of guidelines, and participation of the care team in management decisions. Conclusion: the need to educate the professionals using behavioral knowledge as a strategy, as well as maintenance of communication in the sectors to avoid contamination, the influence of workload and the standardization of guidelines are necessary in the hospital health services to increase health professionals' engagement towards the biosafety practices.
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Mihelič A, Jelovčan L, Prislan K. Internal and external drivers for compliance with the COVID-19 preventive measures in Slovenia: The view from general deterrence and protection motivation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259675. [PMID: 34780530 PMCID: PMC8592422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a pandemic is usually accompanied by different measures-economic, social, preventive, and (self)protective. In the case of the COVID-19, several preventive measures were formally enforced by state authorities in the majority of countries worldwide. Thus, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the intertwining of formal and informal social control could be observed. Hence, in this study a cross-sectional design was chosen to explore the issue in Slovenia. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first in the current literature to empirically test the general deterrence theory in pandemic circumstances (as external factors predicting individuals' compliance with the COVID-19 preventive measures). The results suggest an important role of informal punishment, with perceived informal severity being the only statistically significant factor from the general deterrence theory. In contrast to external factors, internal factors play a significantly greater role in promoting people's self-protective behavior in pandemic circumstances. During the unknown, the uncertain and delicate situations with which people have no previous experience, both personal beliefs about the effectiveness of measures and perceived self-efficacy are more important than fear of formal sanctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anže Mihelič
- Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Jelovčan
- Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kaja Prislan
- Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Chopra K. Maslow’s theory for preventive healthcare in India – a content analysis approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijphm-10-2020-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to apply Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to understand consumer motivation for preventive health care in India using content analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
Content analysis approach which is a qualitative-based approach was adopted. The responses were collected through semi-structured interviews using purposeful sampling method, and the responses were analyzed using content analysis approach. Sub themes and main themes were derived from the data which related to concepts in Maslow’s theory.
Findings
The results indicate the following: healthy food, healthy diet and health supplements are the basic need; sustainability of health and fitness and health security relate to safety and security need; feeling of pride in being fit, being a role model of fitness for others and influence of electronic media relate to social and self-esteem need; freedom from disease and peace of mind fulfill the need for self-actualization.
Research limitations/implications
To strengthen the external validity, a mix of alternate research methodologies adopting qualitative and quantitative approach need to be adopted.
Practical implications
This study will help to better understand motivation for preventive health care. It will enable health-care companies to design health-care marketing programs based on Maslow’s theory to motivate individuals to purchase health products. The public health-care departments can issue guidelines based on Maslow’s theory to motivate citizens toward preventive health care.
Originality/value
Maslow’s theory was applied in the context of preventive health care.
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Rivera-Lozada O, Galvez CA, Castro-Alzate E, Bonilla-Asalde CA. Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-19 in health care professionals in Lima, Peru. F1000Res 2021; 10:582. [PMID: 34804498 PMCID: PMC8567687 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53689.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, we are facing a disease caused by SARS-CoV- 2, known globally as COVID-19, which is considered a threat to global health due to its high contagiousness and rapid spread. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 302 health professionals. An online questionnaire consisting of questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 was applied. Socio- demographic, occupational and comorbidities factors were explored. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with KAP. Results: Of the total, 25.2%, 31.5% and 37.4% had high levels of knowledge, preventive practices and risk perception attitudes respectively. Being married aOR=6.75 CI(1.46-31.2) p=0.014, having a master's degree aOR=0.4, CI(0.21-0.80) p=0.009, having a working day with less than ten hours ORa=0.49 CI(0.25-0.95) p=0.036 and obesity aOR=0.38 CI (0.15-0.95) p=0.039 were associated with a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. The variables associated with preventive practices were being over the age of 50 aOR=0.52 CI(0.27-0.98) p=0.007, working in the hospitalization area aOR=1.86 CI(1.08-3.18) p= 0.018 and having comorbidities such as arterial hypertension aOR=0.28 CI(0.081-0.99) p=0.02 and obesity aOR=0.35 CI(0.14-0.83) p=0.019. In relation to negative attitudes towards COVID-19, it was found that physical contact with patients with a confirmed diagnosis aOR=1.84 CI (1.14-2.97) p=0.006 and having asthma aOR=2.13 CI(1.081-4.22) p=0.029 were associated with these attitudes. Conclusion: Our study revealed that health professionals have an insufficient level of knowledge of COVID-19. This is why we recommend implementing strategies such as health literacy programs among health care workers. Thus, they can help develop positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Rivera-Lozada
- Unidad de Posgrado de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Lima, Lima 15, Peru
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, Lima 32, Peru
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Cesar Augusto Galvez
- Unidad de Posgrado de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Lima, Lima 15, Peru
| | - Elvis Castro-Alzate
- Escuela de Rehabilitaciòn Humana, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia
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Rivera-Lozada O, Galvez CA, Castro-Alzate E, Bonilla-Asalde CA. Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-19 in health care professionals in Lima, Peru. F1000Res 2021; 10:582. [PMID: 34804498 PMCID: PMC8567687 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53689.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, we are facing a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, known globally as COVID-19, which is considered a threat to global health due to its high contagiousness and rapid spread. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 302 health professionals. An online questionnaire consisting of questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 was applied. Socio-demographic, occupational and comorbidities factors were explored. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with KAP. Results: Of the total, 25.2%, 31.5% and 37.4% had high levels of knowledge, preventive practices and risk perception attitudes respectively. Being married (aOR=6.75), having a master's degree (aOR= 0.41), having a working day with less than ten hours (ORa=0.49) and obesity (aOR=0.38) were associated with a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. The variables associated with preventive practices were being over the age of 50 (aOR=0.52), working in the hospitalization area (aOR=1.86) and having comorbidities such as arterial hypertension (aOR=0.28) and obesity (aOR=0.35). In relation to negative attitudes towards COVID 19, it was found that physical contact with patients with a confirmed diagnosis (aOR=1.84) and having asthma (aOR=2.13) were associated with these attitudes. Conclusion: Being married, having a master's degree, working less than ten hours were associated with having a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. Being older than 50, working in the hospitalization area were associated with preventive practices. Physical contact with COVID-19 patients was associated with negative attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Rivera-Lozada
- Unidad de Posgrado de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Lima, Lima 15, Peru
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, Lima 32, Peru
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Cesar Augusto Galvez
- Unidad de Posgrado de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Lima, Lima 15, Peru
| | - Elvis Castro-Alzate
- Escuela de Rehabilitaciòn Humana, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia
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Rivera-Lozada O, Galvez CA, Castro-Alzate E, Bonilla-Asalde CA. Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-19 in health care professionals in Lima, Peru. F1000Res 2021; 10:582. [PMID: 34804498 PMCID: PMC8567687 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53689.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, we are facing a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, known globally as COVID-19, which is considered a threat to global health due to its high contagiousness and rapid spread. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 302 health professionals. An online questionnaire consisting of questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 was applied. Socio-demographic, occupational and comorbidities factors were explored. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with KAP. Results: Of the total, 25.2%, 31.5% and 37.4% had high levels of knowledge, preventive practices and risk perception attitudes respectively. Being married aOR=6.75 IC(1.46-31.2) p=0.014, having a master's degree aOR=0.4, IC(0.21-0.80) p=0.009, having a working day with less than ten hours ORa=0.49 IC(0.25-0.95) p=0.036 and obesity aOR=0.38 IC (0.15-0.95) p=0.039 were associated with a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. The variables associated with preventive practices were being over the age of 50 aOR=0.52 IC(0.27-0.98) p=0.007, working in the hospitalization area aOR=1.86 IC(1.08-3.18) p= 0.018 and having comorbidities such as arterial hypertension aOR=0.28 IC(0.081-0.99) p=0.02 and obesity aOR=0.35 IC(0.14-0.83) p=0.019. In relation to negative attitudes towards COVID-19, it was found that physical contact with patients with a confirmed diagnosis aOR=1.84 IC (1.14-2.97) p=0.006 and having asthma aOR=2.13 IC(1.081-4.22) p=0.029 were associated with these attitudes. Conclusion: Our study revealed that health professionals have an insufficient level of knowledge of COVID-19. This is why we recommend implementing strategies such as health literacy programs among health care workers. Thus, they can help develop positive attitudes towards the acquisition of self-care habits at work that, in turn, improve their confidence so that health care workers can provide adequate care for their patients and protect themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Rivera-Lozada
- Unidad de Posgrado de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Lima, Lima 15, Peru
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, Lima 32, Peru
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Cesar Augusto Galvez
- Unidad de Posgrado de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Lima, Lima 15, Peru
| | - Elvis Castro-Alzate
- Escuela de Rehabilitaciòn Humana, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia
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