Explaining Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among Chinese Nurses Combating COVID-19

Work engagement among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Despite nurses receiving education on how to respond during crises, the stress and demands arising from unprecedented situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may affect their work engagement.

AIM

To appraise and synthesize studies examining work engagement among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

It is a systematic review in which three databases were searched. Critical appraisal tools and PRISMA guidelines were used. Content analysis was performed.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Ethical approval was not required for this systematic review.

FINDINGS

A total of 21 studies were included. The results were classified into three categories: (1) levels and meanings of work engagement, (2) the relationship of work engagement with various factors, and (3) measures to enhance work engagement.

CONCLUSION

The review revealed that nurses' work engagement varied from moderate to high. Factors such as education level and work schedule flexibility influenced their engagement. Positive associations were found between work engagement and job satisfaction, intention to stay, and organizational support, while stress and workload showed negative relationships. The crucial role of health policymakers, hospital administrators, and nurse managers in acting ethically, creating favorable working conditions and fostering nurses' work engagement was emphasized.

Nurses' experiences of the attributes of the organizational citizenship behavior: a qualitative content analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among nurses, as the key human resources in healthcare systems, is of paramount importance to nursing care quality and patient outcomes. The present study was to reflect on Iranian nurses' experiences of OCB.

METHODS

This qualitative study was completed in Iran from December 2022 to October 2023. In total, 20 nurses involved in hospitals, meeting the inclusion criteria, were recruited by purposive sampling with maximum variation. The data were then collected using 20 semi-structured interviews, each one lasting 30-60 min, and finally analyzed through qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS

The data analysis revealed the nurses' experiences of OCB under nine subcategories and three main categories, including (i) "helping behavior", comprised of four subcategories of helping colleagues at work, helping colleagues outside of work, boosting morale, and creating a culture of support and appreciation, (ii) "extra-role behavior" with two subcategories of cooperation in advancing tasks, and creativity and efforts to promote services, and (iii) "contribution to professional growth and development", consisting of two subcategories of individual professional development and support for colleagues' professional development.

CONCLUSION

Nursing managers and instructors can use the study results to enhance nurses' OCB by evaluating and employing nurses, and incorporating OCB into nursing curricula and continuous training programs.

Psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic: mediation of organizational commitment

BACKGROUND

Nurses' organizational citizenship behavior, a spontaneous "altruistic work behavior", may be affected by psychological capital and organizational commitment, but its mechanism is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and distribution of psychological capital, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic, and explore the mediating role of organizational commitment in psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 746 nurses from 6 designated hospitals for COVID-19 treatment in China. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and structural equation model were used in this study.

RESULTS

Nurses' psychological capital, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior scores were 103.12 ± 15.57, 46.53 ± 7.14 and 101.47 ± 12.14, respectively. Additionally, organizational commitment partially mediates between psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses' psychological capital, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior were found to be at an upper-middle level, influenced by various social-demographic factors. Furthermore, the results illustrated that psychological capital can affect organizational citizenship behavior through the mediating role of organizational commitment. Therefore, the findings emphasize the importance of nursing administration to monitor and prioritize the mental health and organizational behavior of nurses during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. It is crucial to focus on developing and nurturing nurses' psychological capital, strengthening their organizational commitment, and ultimately promoting their organizational citizenship behavior.

Requested to do right things excessively: how citizenship pressure/future focus influence health-related work outcomes in health organizations during the pandemic

PURPOSE

Public health practitioners face citizenship pressure when requested to engage in more extra-roles behaviors during the pandemic. The purpose of the study is to reveal the potential influence mechanism of citizenship pressure on the health and work outcomes of practitioners.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH

The authors completed a three-wave survey from a public healthcare organization during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) delta-variant epidemic.

FINDINGS

Results of polynomial regression and response surface showed that increased (versus decreased) and consistently high (versus low) level of citizenship pressure induced citizenship fatigue, which in turn increases negative affect/turnover intention. These negative effects of citizenship pressure are weaker among practitioners with a higher level of future focus.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Providing counseling service to health care practitioners in adopting a future time perspective of citizenship behaviors is important for public health organizations.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE

This study is among the earliest attempts to reveal the potential dark side of excessive request of conducting organization citizenship behavior which is more commonly seen within public health organizations in the context of pandemic.

Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on OCB in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic in Hungary: Employee Engagement and Affective Commitment as Mediators

The performance of the employees and productivity of each individual, in general, have been badly affected because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizational citizenship behavior is regarded as an interpretation of the performance of the employee which is essential to contribute more to the organization’s processes and success. Therefore, to increase the organizational effectiveness and achieve its goals, it is crucial to understand the factors affecting the organizational citizenship behavior of the employees. This study aims to examine the impact of perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of employee engagement and affective commitment. To collect the data for this study, a linear snowball sampling method was used, and 380 foreign employees working in different service companies in Hungary participated in the survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed hypothesis. The results of the study revealed that perceived organizational support positively associated with organizational citizenship behavior and this relationship is also strongly mediated by employee engagement. On the other hand, employee engagement and affective commitment pose a direct positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior. This study has theoretical and practical implications as it will provide a comprehensive framework to better understand the factors influencing the organizational citizenship behavior of the employees.

Nursing Scheduling Mode and Experience from the Medical Teams in Aiding Hubei Province During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Systematic Scoping Review of 17 Studies

Introduction

Due to COVID-19 outbreak, since January 24, 2020, national medical teams from across the country and the armed forces have been dispatched to aid Hubei. The present review was designed to timely summarize the existing frontline information about nursing scheduling mode with special focus on the length of shifts with the aim to contribute to improve the nurses' job satisfaction and the quality of nursing services.

Methods

Articles from Jan 2020 to October 2020 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and Weipu Information, with the terms "COVID-19", "designated hospital", "Hubei-assisted", "makeshift hospital", "nursing", "nursing shift", "whole-system takeover" and variations of these, in the title and abstract fields and the Boolean combinations of these words as the retrieval strategy.

Results

Seventeen journal articles have been included in the target field, from the nurses in aiding Hubei Province, four kinds of shift length, 2-hour (h), 3-h, 4-h and 6-h shift have been considered, the main nursing scheduling mode adopted in designated hospitals for COVID-19 patients was dynamic scheduling based on workload, flexible scheduling based on working hours, workload and the number of critically ill patients admitted, humanized scheduling based on the daily reported health status of the nurses, and professional-integrated scheduling according to the professional distribution of nurses on the basis of four-hour shift length, and in makeshift hospitals for mild patients, the scheduling mode was 6-h based correspondingly.

Conclusion

The descriptive results of the present systematic review shed light on the challenges and practical solutions of nursing scheduling mode in the context of cross-regional medical assistance. Additionally, the present systematic review could provide the academic community of nurses, nurse managers and administrators with baseline information and scientific productions from the content's points of view in the target field.