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Brambullo T, De Lazzari A, Franchi A, Trevisson E, Garau ML, Scarmozzino F, Vindigni V, Bassetto F. A Misdiagnosed Familiar Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2240. [PMID: 38673513 PMCID: PMC11050603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim of the report: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the growth of cylindromas, spiradenomas, trichoepitheliomas, or their combination. These neoplasms usually begin in the second decade and progressively increase in number and size over the years. Diagnosis necessitates consideration of family history, clinical examination, histological findings, and genetic analysis. The aim of this paper is to explore the clinical overlap between Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). We aim to highlight the challenges associated with their differential diagnosis and emphasize the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches. Case presentation: Hereby, we introduce the case of a 28-year-old male referred for suspicion of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who initially declined the recommended surgical excision for a scalp mass. After four years, he returned with larger masses of the scalp, and underwent excision of multiple masses, revealing cylindromas, spiradenomas, and spiradenocylindromas. Family history reported similar tumors in his father, who was also diagnosed with NF1 for the presence of multiple subcutaneous lesions on the scalp. Clinical overlap led to a genetic consultation, but testing for CYLD mutations yielded no significant variations. Despite this, the strong family history and consistent findings led to a revised diagnosis of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, correcting the initial misdiagnosis of NF1 syndrome. Conclusions: Thanks to the evolving landscape of BSS research over the past two decades, its molecular underpinnings, clinical presentation, and histopathological features are now clearer. However, a thorough family history assessment is mandatory when BSS is suspected. It is our belief that a multidisciplinary approach and cooperation between specialists are essential when dealing with BSS. By sharing this case, we hope to underscore the importance of considering BSS as a differential diagnosis, especially in cases with atypical presentations or overlapping features with other syndromes like NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Brambullo
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Alberto De Lazzari
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Arianna Franchi
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa Garau
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Federico Scarmozzino
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
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Jiang G, Cai Y, Cheng D, Wang H, Deng G, Xiang D. CYLD alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in osteoporosis by deubiquitinating WNK1. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:212. [PMID: 38561786 PMCID: PMC10983667 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is the result of bone mass reduction and bone structure disorder. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the main source of osteogenic precursor cells involved in adult bone remodeling. The involvement of the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD in OP has recently been discovered. However, the detailed role and mechanism of CYLD remain unknown. METHODS The OP mouse model was established by performing ovariectomy (OVX) on mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson and Immunohistochemical staining were used to assess pathologic changes. Real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were employed to assess the expression levels of CYLD, WNK1, NLRP3 and osteogenesis-related molecules. The binding relationship between CYLD and WNK1 was validated through a co-immunoprecipitation assay. The osteogenic capacity of BMSCs was determined using Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS). Protein ubiquitination was evaluated by a ubiquitination assay. RESULTS The levels of both CYLD and WNK1 were decreased in bone tissues and BMSCs of OVX mice. Overexpression of CYLD or WNK1 induced osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Additionally, NLRP3 inflammation was activated in OVX mice, but its activation was attenuated upon overexpression of CYLD or WNK1. CYLD was observed to reduce the ubiquitination of WNK1, thereby enhancing its protein stability and leading to the inactivation of NLRP3 inflammation. However, the protective effects of CYLD on osteogenic differentiation and NLRP3 inflammation inactivation were diminished upon silencing of WNK1. CONCLUSION CYLD mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome-triggered pyroptosis in osteoporosis through its deubiquitination of WNK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyong Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 15th Floor, Surgery Building, Southern Hospital, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Duo Cheng
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 15th Floor, Surgery Building, Southern Hospital, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 15th Floor, Surgery Building, Southern Hospital, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Geyang Deng
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 15th Floor, Surgery Building, Southern Hospital, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dayong Xiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 15th Floor, Surgery Building, Southern Hospital, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Nagy N, Pal M, Kun J, Galik B, Urban P, Medvecz M, Fabos B, Neller A, Abdolreza A, Danis J, Szabo V, Yang Z, Fenske S, Biel M, Gyenesei A, Adam E, Szell M. Missing Heritability in Albinism: Deep Characterization of a Hungarian Albinism Cohort Raises the Possibility of the Digenic Genetic Background of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1271. [PMID: 38279271 PMCID: PMC10817051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Albinism is characterized by a variable degree of hypopigmentation affecting the skin and the hair, and causing ophthalmologic abnormalities. Its oculocutaneous, ocular and syndromic forms follow an autosomal or X-linked recessive mode of inheritance, and 22 disease-causing genes are implicated in their development. Our aim was to clarify the genetic background of a Hungarian albinism cohort. Using a 22-gene albinism panel, the genetic background of 11 of the 17 Hungarian patients was elucidated. In patients with unidentified genetic backgrounds (n = 6), whole exome sequencing was performed. Our investigations revealed a novel, previously unreported rare variant (N687S) of the two-pore channel two gene (TPCN2). The N687S variant of the encoded TPC2 protein is carried by a 15-year-old Hungarian male albinism patient and his clinically unaffected mother. Our segregational analysis and in vitro functional experiments suggest that the detected novel rare TPCN2 variant alone is not a disease-causing variant in albinism. Deep genetic analyses of the family revealed that the patient also carries a phenotype-modifying R305W variant of the OCA2 protein, and he is the only family member harboring this genotype. Our results raise the possibility that this digenic combination might contribute to the observed differences between the patient and the mother, and found the genetic background of the disease in his case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.P.); (A.N.); (A.A.); (E.A.); (M.S.)
- HUN-REN-SZTE Functional Clinical Genetic Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Margit Pal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.P.); (A.N.); (A.A.); (E.A.); (M.S.)
- HUN-REN-SZTE Functional Clinical Genetic Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Kun
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (J.K.); (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
| | - Bence Galik
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (J.K.); (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
| | - Peter Urban
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (J.K.); (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
| | - Marta Medvecz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1095 Budapest, Hungary;
- ERN-Skin Reference Centre, Semmelweis University, 1095 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Fabos
- Mor Kaposi Teaching Hospital of Somogy County, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary;
| | - Alexandra Neller
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.P.); (A.N.); (A.A.); (E.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Aliasgari Abdolreza
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.P.); (A.N.); (A.A.); (E.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Judit Danis
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Immunology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Szabo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Stefanie Fenske
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (J.K.); (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
| | - Eva Adam
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.P.); (A.N.); (A.A.); (E.A.); (M.S.)
- HUN-REN-SZTE Functional Clinical Genetic Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marta Szell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.P.); (A.N.); (A.A.); (E.A.); (M.S.)
- HUN-REN-SZTE Functional Clinical Genetic Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Plázár D, Meznerics FA, Pálla S, Anker P, Farkas K, Bánvölgyi A, Kiss N, Medvecz M. Dermoscopic Patterns of Genodermatoses: A Comprehensive Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2717. [PMID: 37893091 PMCID: PMC10604867 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Genodermatoses are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of inherited skin disorders. Diagnosing inherited skin diseases is a challenging task due to their rarity and diversity. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive, easily accessible, and rapid tool used in dermatology not only for diagnostic processes but also for monitoring therapeutic responses. Standardized terminologies have been published for its proper use, reproducibility, and comparability of dermoscopic terms. (2) Methods: Here, we aimed to investigate dermoscopic features in various genodermatoses by conducting a systematic review and comparing its results to our own findings, data of patients diagnosed with genodermatoses at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University. (3) Results: Our systematic search provided a total of 471 articles, of which 83 reported both descriptive and metaphoric dermoscopic terminologies of 14 genodermatoses. The literature data were then compared to the data of 119 patients with 14 genodermatoses diagnosed in our department. (4) Conclusion: Dermoscopy is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of genodermatoses, especially when symptoms are mild. To enable the use of dermoscopy as an auxiliary diagnostic method, existing standardized terminologies should be extended to more genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Márta Medvecz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (F.A.M.); (S.P.); (P.A.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (N.K.)
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Escher-Michlig V, Vlajnic T, Roma L, Marinucci M, Piscuoglio S, Matter M, Haug M, Weber WP, Muenst S. Cylindroma of the breast with CYLD gene mutation: a case report and review of the literature. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7133-7139. [PMID: 37389703 PMCID: PMC10374682 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cylindroma of the breast is a rare benign neoplasm. Since its first description in 2001, 20 cases have been reported in the literature. METHODS AND RESULTS We report another case of this rare tumor in a 60-year-old woman with demonstration of the underlying molecular alteration. Histologically, the tumor showed the typical "jigsaw" pattern of a dual population of cells with a triple-negative phenotype. The pathognomonic mutation of the CYLD gene mutation was detected by whole exome sequencing. Cylindromas show morphological overlap with the solid-basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which renders this differential diagnosis difficult. However, distinction of these two lesions is of outmost importance, since cylindromas, in contrast to solid-basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma, behave in an entirely benign fashion. CONCLUSIONS Careful evaluation of morphological features such as mitotic figures and cellular atypia is crucial in the diagnostic work-up of triple-negative breast lesions. It is important to keep cylindroma in mind as a pitfall and possible differential diagnosis for the solid-basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Molecular detection of CYLD gene mutation is helpful in cases with ambiguous histology. With this case report, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of mammary cylindroma and facilitate the diagnosis of this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Escher-Michlig
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Roma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Marinucci
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Matter
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Haug
- Breast Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter P Weber
- Breast Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Muenst
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Huang Z, Tan Y. The Potential of Cylindromatosis (CYLD) as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathologies: A Comprehensive Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098368. [PMID: 37176077 PMCID: PMC10179184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) arises as a consequence of an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanisms to neutralize them. Excessive ROS production can lead to the damage of critical biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, ultimately contributing to the onset and progression of a multitude of diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Cylindromatosis (CYLD), initially identified as a gene linked to familial cylindromatosis, has a well-established and increasingly well-characterized function in tumor inhibition and anti-inflammatory processes. Nevertheless, burgeoning evidence suggests that CYLD, as a conserved deubiquitination enzyme, also plays a pivotal role in various key signaling pathways and is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases driven by oxidative stress. In this review, we systematically examine the current research on the function and pathogenesis of CYLD in diseases instigated by oxidative stress. Therapeutic interventions targeting CYLD may hold significant promise for the treatment and management of oxidative stress-induced human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Huang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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Beatty CJ, Yousaf A, Al-Bouri A, Thompson AD, Kiavash K, Kolodney MS. Case Report of Syndromic Multiple Spiradenomas due to Biallelic Functional Loss of CYLD. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 21:106-108. [PMID: 35198713 PMCID: PMC8850552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J. Beatty
- Department of Dermatology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ahmed Yousaf
- Department of Dermatology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Abdullah Al-Bouri
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Andrew D. Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Katrin Kiavash
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael S. Kolodney
- Department of Dermatology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Correspondence to: Michael S. Kolodney, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506.
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