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Ezan J, Moreau MM, Mamo TM, Shimbo M, Decroo M, Sans N, Montcouquiol M. Neuron-Specific Deletion of Scrib in Mice Leads to Neuroanatomical and Locomotor Deficits. Front Genet 2022; 13:872700. [PMID: 35692812 PMCID: PMC9174639 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.872700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib) is a conserved polarity protein acting as a scaffold involved in multiple cellular and developmental processes. Recent evidence from our group indicates that Scrib is also essential for brain development as early global deletion of Scrib in the dorsal telencephalon induced cortical thickness reduction and alteration of interhemispheric connectivity. In addition, Scrib conditional knockout (cKO) mice have behavioral deficits such as locomotor activity impairment and memory alterations. Given Scrib broad expression in multiple cell types in the brain, we decided to determine the neuronal contribution of Scrib for these phenotypes. In the present study, we further investigate the function of Scrib specifically in excitatory neurons on the forebrain formation and the control of locomotor behavior. To do so, we generated a novel neuronal glutamatergic specific Scrib cKO mouse line called Nex-Scrib−/− cKO. Remarkably, cortical layering and commissures were impaired in these mice and reproduced to some extent the previously described phenotype in global Scrib cKO. In addition and in contrast to our previous results using Emx1-Scrib−/− cKO, the Nex-Scrib−/− cKO mutant mice exhibited significantly reduced locomotion. Altogether, the novel cKO model described in this study further highlights an essential role for Scrib in forebrain development and locomotor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Ezan
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- *Correspondence: Jerome Ezan,
| | - Maité M. Moreau
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tamrat M. Mamo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miki Shimbo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maureen Decroo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Sans
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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Lopez-Martín S, Albert J, Peña Vila-Belda MDM, Liu X, Zhang ZC, Han J, Jiménez de Domingo A, Fernández-Mayoralas DM, Fernández-Perrone AL, Calleja-Pérez B, Álvarez S, Fernández-Jaén A. A mild clinical and neuropsychological phenotype of Renpenning syndrome: A new case report with a maternally inherited PQBP1 missense mutation. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2021; 11:921-927. [PMID: 34470565 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2021.1970551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the PQBP1 gene are associated with Renpenning syndrome (RENS1, MIM# 309500). Most cases are characterized by intellectual disability, but a detailed neuropsychological profile has not yet been established. The present case study of a 8.5 years-old male child with a missense novel mutation in the PQBP1 gene expands existing understanding of this syndrome by presenting a milder clinical and neuropsychological phenotype. Whole exome trio analysis sequencing revealed a maternally inherited PQBP1 missense mutation in chromosome X [NM_001032383.1, c.727C > T (p.Arg243Trp)]. Variant functional studies demonstrated a significant reduction in the interaction between PQBP1 and the component of the nuclear pre-mRNA splicing machinery, U5-15KD. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment revealed marked deficits in processing speed, attention and executive functioning (including planning, inhibitory control and working memory) without intellectual disability. Several components of language processing were also impaired. These results support that this mutation partially disrupts the function of this gene, which is known to play critical roles in embryonic and neural development. As most of the genomic PQBP1 abnormalities associated with intellectual disability have been found to be loss-of-function mutations, we hypothesize that a partial loss-of-function of this variant is associated with a mild behavioral and neuropsychological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopez-Martín
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromottiva, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Albert
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Xian Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhai Han
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Álvarez
- Genomics and Medicine, NIMGenetics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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Ezan J, Moreau MM, Mamo TM, Shimbo M, Decroo M, Richter M, Peyroutou R, Rachel R, Tissir F, de Anda FC, Sans N, Montcouquiol M. Early loss of Scribble affects cortical development, interhemispheric connectivity and psychomotor activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9106. [PMID: 33907211 PMCID: PMC8079449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from combined defects in processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and commissure formation. The evolutionarily conserved tumor-suppressor protein Scribble (Scrib) serves as a nexus to transduce signals for the establishment of apicobasal and planar cell polarity during these processes. Human SCRIB gene mutations are associated with neural tube defects and this gene is located in the minimal critical region deleted in the rare Verheij syndrome. In this study, we generated brain-specific conditional cKO mouse mutants and assessed the impact of the Scrib deletion on brain morphogenesis and behavior. We showed that embryonic deletion of Scrib in the telencephalon leads to cortical thickness reduction (microcephaly) and partial corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure agenesis. We correlated these phenotypes with a disruption in various developmental mechanisms of corticogenesis including neurogenesis, neuronal migration and axonal connectivity. Finally, we show that Scrib cKO mice have psychomotor deficits such as locomotor activity impairment and memory alterations. Altogether, our results show that Scrib is essential for early brain development due to its role in several developmental cellular mechanisms that could underlie some of the deficits observed in complex neurodevelopmental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Ezan
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Maité M Moreau
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tamrat M Mamo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miki Shimbo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maureen Decroo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melanie Richter
- Germany Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronan Peyroutou
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rivka Rachel
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, Box B1.73.16, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- Germany Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France.
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LaBianca S, Pagsberg AK, Jakobsen KD, Demur AB, Bartalan M, LaBianca J, Werge T. Brief Report: Clusters and Trajectories Across the Autism and/or ADHD Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:3629-3636. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wade M, Prime H, Madigan S. Using Sibling Designs to Understand Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Genes and Environments to Prevention Programming. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:672784. [PMID: 26258141 PMCID: PMC4518166 DOI: 10.1155/2015/672784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders represent a broad class of childhood neurological conditions that have a significant bearing on the wellbeing of children, families, and communities. In this review, we draw on evidence from two common and widely studied neurodevelopmental disorders-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-to demonstrate the utility of genetically informed sibling designs in uncovering the nature and pathogenesis of these conditions. Specifically, we examine how twin, recurrence risk, and infant prospective tracking studies have contributed to our understanding of genetic and environmental liabilities towards neurodevelopmental morbidity through their impact on neurocognitive processes and structural/functional neuroanatomy. It is suggested that the siblings of children with ASD and ADHD are at risk not only of clinically elevated problems in these areas, but also of subthreshold symptoms and/or subtle impairments in various neurocognitive skills and other domains of psychosocial health. Finally, we close with a discussion on the practical relevance of sibling designs and how these might be used in the service of early screening, prevention, and intervention efforts that aim to alleviate the negative downstream consequences associated with disorders of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street W., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1V6
| | - Heather Prime
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street W., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1V6
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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Mahajan R, Dirlikov B, Crocetti D, Mostofsky SH. Motor Circuit Anatomy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder With or Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Autism Res 2015; 9:67-81. [PMID: 25962921 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the morphology of frontal-parietal regions relevant to motor functions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We also explored its associations with autism severity and motor skills, and the impact of comorbid ADHD on these associations. Participants included 126 school-age children: 30 had ASD only, 33 had ASD with ADHD, and 63 were typically developing. High resolution 3T MPRAGE images were acquired to examine the cortical morphology (gray matter volume, GMV, surface area, SA, and cortical thickness, CT) in three regions of interest (ROI): precentral gyrus (M1), postcentral gyrus (S1), and inferior parietal cortex (IPC). Children with ASD showed abnormal increases in GMV and SA in all three ROIs: (a) increased GMV in S1 bilaterally and in right M1 was specific to children with ASD without ADHD; (b) all children with ASD (with or without ADHD) showed increases in the left IPC SA. Furthermore, on measures of motor function, impaired praxis was associated with increased GMV in right S1 in the ASD group with ADHD. Children with ASD with ADHD showed a positive relationship between bilateral S1 GMV and manual dexterity, whereas children with ASD without ADHD showed a negative relationship. Our findings suggest that (a) ASD is associated with abnormal morphology of cortical circuits crucial to motor control and learning; (b) anomalous overgrowth of these regions, particularly S1, may contribute to impaired motor skill development, and (c) functional and morphological differences are apparent between children with ASD with or without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Mahajan
- From Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benjamin Dirlikov
- From Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deana Crocetti
- From Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- From Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Quantitative profiling of brain lipid raft proteome in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121464. [PMID: 25849048 PMCID: PMC4388542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome, a leading cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism, arises from transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene encoding an RNA-binding protein, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). FMRP can regulate the expression of approximately 4% of brain transcripts through its role in regulation of mRNA transport, stability and translation, thus providing a molecular rationale for its potential pleiotropic effects on neuronal and brain circuitry function. Several intracellular signaling pathways are dysregulated in the absence of FMRP suggesting that cellular deficits may be broad and could result in homeostatic changes. Lipid rafts are specialized regions of the plasma membrane, enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, involved in regulation of intracellular signaling. Among transcripts targeted by FMRP, a subset encodes proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis and homeostasis, dysregulation of which could affect the integrity and function of lipid rafts. Using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach we analyzed the lipid raft proteome of Fmr1 knockout mice, an animal model of Fragile X syndrome, and identified candidate proteins that are differentially represented in Fmr1 knockout mice lipid rafts. Furthermore, network analysis of these candidate proteins reveals connectivity between them and predicts functional connectivity with genes encoding components of myelin sheath, axonal processes and growth cones. Our findings provide insight to aid identification of molecular and cellular dysfunctions arising from Fmr1 silencing and for uncovering shared pathologies between Fragile X syndrome and other autism spectrum disorders.
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Genetics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Recent Updates and Future Prospects. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-013-0004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Developmental disorders, including intellectual disability, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are neuropsychiatric disorders that manifest in early childhood as deviations from the normal development. At present, in the majority of cases a cause cannot be found. However, in the past 5 years major advances have been made in the identification of specific genetic causes of these disorders. Here, we review these findings and discuss possible implications for our current understanding of the cause of developmental disorders. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to the disorders with known genetic cause that are associated with intellectual disability, autism and ADHD, an increasing number of novel recurrent structural variants are identified in association with these developmental disorders. These variants, as well as the genetic variants identified through sequencing approaches indicate the involvement of a large number of genes. SUMMARY Similar to what is the case for intellectual disability, recent genetic studies indicate a large degree of genetic heterogeneity for autism and ADHD. Many of the disease risk variants display incomplete penetrance, indicating that additional genetic, and possibly nongenetic, factors are relevant. Despite the high number of causative or contributing genes, functional studies of these genes indicate a large degree of convergence into a smaller number of neurobiological pathways. Elucidating these shared biological mechanisms is a crucial step towards the rational development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Johnston K, Madden AK, Bramham J, Russell AJ. Response inhibition in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2011; 41:903-12. [PMID: 21116700 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are hypothesised to involve core deficits in executive function. Previous studies have found evidence of a double dissociation between the disorders on specific executive functions (planning and response inhibition). To date most research has been conducted with children. No studies have directly compared the stable cognitive profile of adults. It was hypothesised that adults with ASD would show generally intact response inhibition whereas those with ADHD would show more global impairment. Participants were 24 adults aged 18-55 with high functioning ASD, 24 with ADHD, and 14 age and IQ matched controls. Participants completed three standardised measures of response inhibition. Participants with ASD had generally intact response inhibition but slow response latencies, possibly due to deficits in response initiation. Adults with ADHD did not show the more global impairments hypothesised. There were some significant differences between the clinical groups across measures of inhibition. In terms of performance style, adults with ASD were slow and accurate whilst those with ADHD showed an impulsive style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Johnston
- Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry/South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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