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Zanfardino A, Di Napoli M, Migliore F, Hay Mele B, Soriente A, De Rosa M, Notomista E, Varcamonti M. Characterization of Linezolid-Analogue L3-Resistance Mutation in Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030700. [PMID: 36985273 PMCID: PMC10054786 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, a linezolid analogue, called 10f, was synthesized. The 10f molecule has an antimicrobial activity comparable to that of the parental compound. In this study, we isolated a Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain resistant to 10f. After sequencing the 23S rRNA and the ribosomal proteins L3 (rplC) and L4 (rplD) genes, we found that the resistant phenotype was associated with a single mutation G359U in rplC bearing to the missense mutation G120V in the L3 protein. The identified mutation is far from the peptidyl transferase center, the oxazolidinone antibiotics binding site, thus suggesting that we identified a new and interesting example of a long-range effect in the ribosome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Migliore
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Elvir-Lazo OL, White PF, Cruz Eng H, Yumul F, Chua R, Yumul R. Impact of chronic medications in the perioperative period: mechanisms of action and adverse drug effects (Part I). Postgrad Med 2021; 133:939-952. [PMID: 34551662 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1982297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: This review article discusses the pharmacology of the most commonly used chronic medications in patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. The mechanism of action and adverse side effects of cardiovascular medications (e.g., beta blockers, alpha-2 agonist, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics), lipid-lowering drugs, gastrointestinal medications (H2-blockers, proton pump inhibitors), pulmonary medications (inhaled β-agonists, anticholinergics,), antibiotics (tetracyclines, clindamycin and macrolide, linezolid), opioids and non-opioids analgesics (NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, acetaminophen), gabapentanoids, erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs, and psychotropic drugs (tricyclic antidepressants [TCAs], monoamine oxidase inhibitors [MAOI], selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [SNRIs], and cannabinol-containing drugs) will be reviewed.Materials and Methods: An online search was conducted from January 2000 through February 2021 with the Medline database through PubMed and Google Scholar using the following search terms/keywords: "chronic medications in the perioperative period", and "chronic medications and anesthetic implications." In addition, we searched for anesthetic side effects associated with the major drug groups.Results and Conclusions: An understanding of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of most used chronic medications is important to avoid untoward outcomes in the perioperative period. These drug interactions may result in altered efficacy and toxicity of the anesthetic medications administered during surgery. These drug-drug interactions can also effect the morbidity, mortality, and recovery time of surgical patients. Part I of this two-part review article focuses on the mechanisms of action and adverse side effects of the chronic medications most commonly taken by surgical patients in the preoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul F White
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The White Mountain Institute, The Sea Ranch, CA, USA
| | - Hillenn Cruz Eng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Adena Health System, Chillicothe, OH, USA
| | - Firuz Yumul
- Skagit Regional Health, Family Medicine, Arlington, WA, USA
| | - Raissa Chua
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Roya Yumul
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine-UCLA, Charles R, Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kobuchi S, Kita Y, Hiramatsu Y, Sasaki K, Uno T, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. Comparison of In Vivo Transportability of Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Agents Into Intracellular and Extracellular Tissue Spaces in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:898-904. [PMID: 33164810 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus can penetrate host cells. However, intracellular S. aureus is not considered during antimicrobial agent selection in clinical chemotherapy because of the lack of information about drug transportability into cells in vivo. We focused on agents used to treat methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (vancomycin, arbekacin, linezolid, and daptomycin) and indirectly assessed the drug levels in intracellular compartment using plasma, tissue homogenates, and interstitial fluid (ISF) samples from the skin of rats using the microneedle array technique. Lower drug levels were observed in the ISF than in the plasma for daptomycin but extracellular and intracellular drug levels were comparable. In contrast, vancomycin, arbekacin, and linezolid showed higher concentrations in the ISF than in the plasma. Intracellular transport was estimated only for arbekacin. Stasis of vancomycin in the ISF was also observed. These results suggest that both low vancomycin exposure against intracellular S. aureus infection and long-term subinhibitory drug levels in the ISF contribute to the failure of treatment and emergence of antibiotic resistance. Based on its pharmacokinetic characteristics in niche extravascular tissue spaces, arbekacin may be suitable for achieving sufficient clinical outcomes for MRSA infection because the drug is widely distributed in extracellular and intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kita
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kenji Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uno
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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Olufunmiso O, Tolulope I, Roger C. Multidrug and vancomycin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different teaching hospitals in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:797-807. [PMID: 29085408 PMCID: PMC5656204 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a major public health concern because of the occurrence of multi-drug resistant strains. This study aimed at investigating the multi-drug and vancomycin resistance profile of S. aureus from different infection sites in some teaching hospitals in Nigeria. METHODS Swabs were collected from different infection sites from out-patients in three teaching hospitals from October 2015 to May, 2016. The antibiotic-susceptibility test was carried out with selected antibiotics usually administered anti-microbials in the treatment of infections in these hospitals. The prevalence of multi-drug and vancomycin resistance strains of S. aureus from clinical samples was determined using disk diffusion and agar dilution methods respectively. RESULTS The result showed (165)82.5% of the isolates were resistant to ≥3 antibiotics tested. They were highly resistant to ceftazidime 180(90%), cloxacillin 171(85.6%) and augmentin 167(83.3%), but susceptible to ofloxacin 150(75%), gentamicin 142(71.7%), erythromycin 122(61.1%), ceftriaxone 111(55.6%) and cefuroxime 103(51.7%). All the isolates from the HVS were all multidrug resistant strains. While (56)90.16% were multidrug resistant (MDR) in urine samples, followed by (8)88.89% MDR strains in sputum, (37)88.81% MDR strains in semen, (49)71.64% MDR strains in wounds and (6)60% MDR strains in ear swabs samples. Although (147)73.5% of the isolates were vancomycin susceptible S. aureus (VSSA), (30)15% were vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) and (89)44.5% of the isolates were considered vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). CONCLUSIONS The high percentage of the VRSA could have resulted from compromising treatment options and inadequate antimicrobial therapy. The implication, infections caused by VRSA would be difficult to treat with vancomycin and other effective antibiotics of clinical importance. Ensuring proper monitoring of drug administration will, therefore, enhance the legitimate role of vancomycin as an empiric choice for both prophylaxis against and treatment of staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajuyigbe Olufunmiso
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences and Technology, Babcock University, PMB 4005, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ikpehae Tolulope
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences and Technology, Babcock University, PMB 4005, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Coopoosamy Roger
- Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Pompilio A, De Nicola S, Crocetta V, Guarnieri S, Savini V, Carretto E, Di Bonaventura G. New insights in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pathogenicity: antibiotic-resistant biofilm formation by a human wound-associated strain. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:109. [PMID: 25994406 PMCID: PMC4440327 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen recognized as the leading cause of skin, ear, and post-operative bacterial infections in dogs and cats. Zoonotic infections have also recently been reported causing endocarditis, infection of surgical wounds, rhinosinusitis, and catheter-related bacteremia. The aim of the present study is to evaluate, for the first time, the pathogenic potential of S. pseudintermedius isolated from a human infection. To this end, strain DSM 25713, which was recently isolated from a wound of a leukemic patient who underwent a bone marrow transplantation, was investigated for biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistance under conditions relevant for wound infection. RESULTS The effect of pH (5.5, 7.1, and 8.7) and the presence of serum (diluted at 1:2, 1:10, and 1:100) on biofilm formation was assessed through a crystal violet assay. The presence of serum significantly reduced the ability to form biofilm, regardless of the pH value tested. In vitro activity of eight antibiotics against biofilm formation and mature 48 h-old biofilms was comparatively assessed by crystal violet assay and viable cell count, respectively. Antibiotics at sub-inhibitory concentrations reduced biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, although cefoxitin was the most active, causing a significant reduction already at 1/8xMIC. Rifampicin showed the highest activity against preformed biofilms (MBEC90: 2xMIC). None of the antibiotics completely eradicated the preformed biofilms, regardless of tested concentrations. Confocal and electron microscopy analyses of mature biofilm revealed a complex "mushroom-like" architecture consisting of microcolonies embedded in a fibrillar extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our results show that human wound-associated S. pseudintermedius is able to form inherently antibiotic-resistant biofilms, suggestive of its pathogenic potential, and consistent with recent reports of zoonotic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy. .,Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Serena De Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy. .,Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy. .,Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Savini
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology, "Spirito Santo" Hospital, Pescara, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy. .,Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
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Young MJ, Hodges G, McCardle JE. Cost avoidance using linezolid for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a specialist diabetes foot clinic. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2974-5. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Duplessis C, Crum-Cianflone NF. Ceftaroline: A New Cephalosporin with Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). CLINICAL MEDICINE REVIEWS IN THERAPEUTICS 2011; 3:a2466. [PMID: 21785568 PMCID: PMC3140339 DOI: 10.4137/cmrt.s1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance has reached alarming levels, threatening to outpace the ability to counter with more potent antimicrobial agents. In particular, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a leading cause of skin and soft-tissue infections and PVL-positive strains have been associated with necrotizing pneumonia. Increasing reports of growing resistance to glycopeptides have been noted, further limiting the efficacy of standard antibiotics, such as vancomycin. Ceftaroline is a novel fifth-generation cephalosporin, which exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA and extensively-resistant strains, such as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), heteroresistant VISA (hVISA), and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). In addition to being an exciting new agent in the anti-MRSA armamentarium, ceftaroline provides efficacy against many respiratory pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Ceftaroline (600 mg intravenously every 12 hours) has been shown effective in phase III studies in the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia. To date, this unique antibiotic exhibits a low propensity for inducing resistance and has a good safety profile, although further post-marketing data and clinical experience are needed. In summary, ceftaroline provides an additional option for the management of complex multidrug resistant infections, including MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Duplessis
- Infectious Disease Division, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA United States
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8
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Estes KS, Derendorf H. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic properties of vancomycin, linezolid, tigecyclin, and daptomycin. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15:533-43. [PMID: 21163728 PMCID: PMC3352102 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-12-533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid antibiotic resistance development has created a major demand for new antimicrobial agents that can combat resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Until a short time ago, the glycopeptide vancomycin was the only therapeutic choice in this situation. However, in recent years some newer agents with different mechanisms of actions have been added to the arsenal, and more are on the horizon. For a successful therapy it is of vital importance that these compounds are used judiciously and dosed appropriately. The present article reviews the pharmacokinetic properties of vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin. The first major difference between these compounds is their oral bioavailability. Only linezolid can be administered orally, whereas vancomycin, daptomycin and tigecycline are limited to parenteral use. Once in the body, they show very different disposition. Daptomycin has a very small volume of distribution of 7L indicating very little tissue distribution whereas tigecycline has a very large volume of distribution of 350-500 L. Vancomycin and linezolid are in-between with volumes of distribution of approximately 30 and 50 L, close to total body water. However, studies have shown that linezolid shows better tissue penetration than vancomycin. Newer studies using microdialysis, a new technique that allows direct monitoring of unbound tissue levels, support this finding. As far as drug elimination, daptomycin and vancomycin are mainly eliminated into the urine and require dosing adjustments in renally impaired patients, whereas tigecycline is eliminated into the bile and linezolid is metabolized so that in renal patients no dosing adjustments are needed for these compounds. Although the elimination pathways are very different, the resulting half-lives of linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin are not greatly different and vary from 4-8 h. Tigecycline, however, has a much longer half-life of up to 1-2 days due to the slow redistribution from tissue binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Derendorf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Moschovi M, Trimis G, Tsotra M, Chatzi F, Karamolegou K, Santou A, Tourkantoni N, Chrousos G. Efficacy and safety of linezolid in immunocompromised children with cancer. Pediatr Int 2010; 52:694-8. [PMID: 20149126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the safety, tolerance and efficacy of linezolid for the treatment of infections from Gram-positive bacteria in immunocompromised children with cancer. METHODS This was a prospective non-comparative unblinded study in the Hematology/Oncology Unit over a two-year period, administering linezolid as monotherapy in children with cancer. RESULTS Seventeen children received linezolid (30 mg/kgr: 3 i.v. per day). Mean duration of linezolid administration was 12.2 days (range, 6-38 days), while the median age of the evaluable patients was 2.2 years (range, 6 months-11.2 years). Primary diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (nine patients), brain tumor (three patients), multi-organ Langerhans cell histiocytosis (two patients), rhabdomyosarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and ovarian tumor (one patient each). All patients were in the midst of chemotherapy cycles. Ten out of 17 children had positive blood cultures (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, four patients; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, three patients; penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, three patients), while seven of the 17 had fever and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in stool cultures. All patients were considered clinically cured after the end of the linezolid regimen (100% efficacy). The main adverse events were thrombocytopenia grade 1-3 and anemia grade 2-3 (four and two patients, respectively). Chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity (six patients) was not worsened during linezolid therapy. No bleeding episodes were presented. Self-limited diarrhea grade 1-2 was presented in four patients (mean duration 2 days). The total adverse event rate was 23.5%; however, there was no premature cessation of linezolid in any patient. CONCLUSIONS Linezolid may be another effective and safe therapy to treat infections from resistant Gram-positive bacteria in immunocompromised children, even in young ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moschovi
- First Department of Paediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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De Bus L, Depuydt P, Libbrecht L, Vandekerckhove L, Nollet J, Benoit D, Vogelaers D, Van Vlierberghe H. Severe drug-induced liver injury associated with prolonged use of linezolid. J Med Toxicol 2010; 6:322-6. [PMID: 20358416 PMCID: PMC3550492 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-010-0047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe a patient developing concomitant severe liver failure and lactic acidosis after long-term treatment with linezolid. A 55-year-old Caucasian woman developed concomitant severe liver failure and lactic acidosis after a treatment with linezolid for 50 days because of infected hip prosthesis. Other causes of liver failure and lactic acidosis were excluded by extensive diagnostic workup. A liver biopsy showed microvesicular steatosis. As linezolid toxicity was considered to be the cause of the lactic acidosis and the severe hepatic failure, the antibiotic was withdrawn. After 4 days of supportive therapy and hemodialysis, the serum lactate level returned within normal limits. The prothrombin time ratio and thrombocytes recovered within 2 weeks. Bilirubin levels normalized within 14 weeks. Since no other cause could be identified, liver injury was considered to be drug-related. Resolution of the hepatotoxicity occurred after discontinuation of linezolid, supportive treatment measures, and hemodialysis. Both lactic acidosis and microvesicular steatosis after the use of linezolid are related to mitochondrial dysfunction. The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences/Roussel Ucalf Causality Assessment Method scale revealed that the adverse drug event was probable. Prolonged exposure to linezolid may induce severe hepatotoxicity. Clinicians should be aware of this possible adverse effect especially in case of long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet De Bus
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital, 12K12IB, 185 De Pintelaan, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Imai A, Suzuki N. Topical non-barrier agents for postoperative adhesion prevention in animal models. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 149:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A Rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method to Measure Linezolid and Daptomycin Concentrations in Human Plasma. Ther Drug Monit 2010; 32:200-5. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181d3f5cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Pournaras S, Iosifidis E, Roilides E. Advances in Antibacterial Therapy Against Emerging Bacterial Pathogens. Semin Hematol 2009; 46:198-211. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Oxazolidinonas, glucopéptidos y lipopéptidos cíclicos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2009; 27:236-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Linezolid alone or combined with rifampin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in experimental foreign-body infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 53:1142-8. [PMID: 19075065 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00775-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the activity of linezolid, alone and in combination with rifampin (rifampicin), against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain in vitro and in a guinea pig model of foreign-body infection. The MIC, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) in logarithmic phase, and MBC in stationary growth phase were 2.5, >20, and >20 microg/ml, respectively, for linezolid; 0.01, 0.08, and 2.5 microg/ml, respectively, for rifampin; and 0.16, 0.63, >20 microg/ml, respectively, for levofloxacin. In time-kill studies, bacterial regrowth and the development of rifampin resistance were observed after 24 h with rifampin alone at 1x or 4x the MIC and were prevented by the addition of linezolid. After the administration of single intraperitoneal doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg of body weight, linezolid peak concentrations of 6.8, 12.7, and 18.1 microg/ml, respectively, were achieved in sterile cage fluid at approximately 3 h. The linezolid concentration remained above the MIC of the test organism for 12 h with all doses. Antimicrobial treatments of animals with cage implant infections were given twice daily for 4 days. Linezolid alone at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg reduced the planktonic bacteria in cage fluid during treatment by 1.2 to 1.7 log(10) CFU/ml; only linezolid at 75 mg/kg prevented bacterial regrowth 5 days after the end of treatment. Linezolid used in combination with rifampin (12.5 mg/kg) was more effective than linezolid used as monotherapy, reducing the planktonic bacteria by >or=3 log(10) CFU (P < 0.05). Efficacy in the eradication of cage-associated infection was achieved only when linezolid was combined with rifampin, with cure rates being between 50% and 60%, whereas the levofloxacin-rifampin combination demonstrated the highest cure rate (91%) against the strain tested. The linezolid-rifampin combination is a treatment option for implant-associated infections caused by quinolone-resistant MRSA.
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Blanc V, Bohic JY, Lerousseau L, Del Giudice P, Rodríguez-Nava V, Boiron P. Nocardia spp. wound infection in a tsunami survivor from Thailand, 2004. J Mycol Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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