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Sharma A, Virmani T, Kumar G, Sharma A, Virmani R, Gugulothu D, Singh K, Misra SK, Pathak K, Chitranshi N, Coutinho HDM, Jain D. Mitochondrial signaling pathways and their role in cancer drug resistance. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111329. [PMID: 39098704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, traditionally known as cellular powerhouses, now emerge as critical signaling centers influencing cancer progression and drug resistance. The review highlights the role that apoptotic signaling, DNA mutations, mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism play in the development of resistance mechanisms and the advancement of cancer. Targeted approaches are discussed, with an emphasis on managing mitophagy, fusion, and fission of the mitochondria to make resistant cancer cells more susceptible to traditional treatments. Additionally, metabolic reprogramming can be used to effectively target metabolic enzymes such GLUT1, HKII, PDK, and PKM2 in order to avoid resistance mechanisms. Although there are potential possibilities for therapy, the complex structure of mitochondria and their subtle role in tumor development hamper clinical translation. Novel targeted medicines are put forth, providing fresh insights on combating drug resistance in cancer. The study also emphasizes the significance of glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and apoptotic pathways as potential targets to improve treatment effectiveness against drug-resistant cancers. Combining complementary and nanoparticle-based techniques to target mitochondria has demonstrated encouraging results in the treatment of cancer, opening doors to reduce resistance and enable individualized treatment plans catered to the unique characteristics of each patient. Suggesting innovative approaches such as drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery to enhance the efficacy of mitochondria-targeting therapies, presenting a pathway for advancements in cancer treatment. This thorough investigation is a major step forward in the treatment of cancer and has the potential to influence clinical practice and enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Sharma
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana 121105, India.
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana 121105, India.
| | - Anjali Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana 121105, India
| | - Reshu Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana 121105, India.
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shashi Kiran Misra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CSJM University Kanpur, Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah 206130, India
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia; School of Science and Technology, the University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | - Divya Jain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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Sazonova MA, Kirichenko TV, Ryzhkova AI, Sazonova MD, Doroschuk NA, Omelchenko AV, Nikiforov NG, Ragino YI, Postnov AY. Variability of Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy: Association with Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1868. [PMID: 39200332 PMCID: PMC11351276 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Atherosclerosis is one of the main reasons for cardiovascular disease development. This study aimed to analyze the association of mtDNA mutations and atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries of patients with atherosclerosis and conditionally healthy study participants from the Novosibirsk region. Methods: PCR fragments of DNA containing the regions of 10 investigated mtDNA mutations were pyrosequenced. The heteroplasmy levels of mtDNA mutations were analyzed using a quantitative method based on pyrosequencing technology developed by M. A. Sazonova and colleagues. Results: In the analysis of samples of patients with atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries and conditionally healthy study participants from the Novosibirsk region, four proatherogenic mutations in the mitochondrial genome (m.5178C>A, m.652delG, m.12315G>A and m.3256C>T) and three antiatherogenic mutations in mtDNA (m.13513G>A, m.652insG, and m.14846G>A) were detected. A west-east gradient was found in the distribution of the mtDNA mutations m.5178C>A, m.3256C>T, m.652insG, and m.13513G>A. Conclusions: Therefore, four proatherogenic mutations in the mitochondrial genome (m.5178C>A, m.652delG, m.12315G>A, and m.3256C>T) and three antiatherogenic mutations in mtDNA (m.13513G>A, m.652insG, and m.14846G>A) were detected in patients with atherosclerotic plaques in their carotid arteries from the Novosibirsk region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (N.A.D.); (A.V.O.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15a, 3rd Cherepkovskaya Str., Moscow 121552, Russia;
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow 117418, Russia; (T.V.K.); (N.G.N.)
| | - Anastasia I. Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (N.A.D.); (A.V.O.)
| | - Marina D. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (N.A.D.); (A.V.O.)
| | - Natalya A. Doroschuk
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (N.A.D.); (A.V.O.)
| | - Andrey V. Omelchenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (N.A.D.); (A.V.O.)
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow 117418, Russia; (T.V.K.); (N.G.N.)
| | - Yulia I. Ragino
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia;
| | - Anton Yu. Postnov
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15a, 3rd Cherepkovskaya Str., Moscow 121552, Russia;
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow 117418, Russia; (T.V.K.); (N.G.N.)
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3
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Gu Y, Qiu Y, Li Y, Wen W. Research progress on the regulatory mechanism of cell senescence in arsenic toxicity: a systematic review. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae136. [PMID: 39184219 PMCID: PMC11339171 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As an element with metalloid properties, arsenic is pervasively present in the environment and is recognized as a potent carcinogen. Consequently, the issue of human arsenic exposure has become a significant concern within the global public health sector. Numerous studies have indicated that arsenic induces cellular senescence through various mechanisms, including triggering epigenetic alterations, inducing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), promoting telomere shortening, and causing mitochondrial dysfunction. This article collates and summarizes the latest research advancements on the involvement of cellular senescence in arsenic toxicity and explores the mechanisms of arsenic-induced toxicity. This study aims to provide new perspectives and directions for future research on arsenic toxicity and the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gu
- The School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yujian Li
- The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weihua Wen
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
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Yazdani M. Cellular and Molecular Responses to Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: Some Underlying Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5665-5679. [PMID: 38224444 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare multisystem mitochondrial disorder. It is caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements, mostly large-scale deletions of 1.1-10 kb. These deletions primarily affect energy supply through impaired oxidative phosphorylation and reduced ATP production. This impairment gives rise to dysfunction of several tissues, in particular those with high energy demand like brain and muscles. Over the past decades, changes in respiratory chain complexes and energy metabolism have been emphasized, whereas little attention has been paid to other reports on ROS overproduction, protein synthesis inhibition, myelin vacuolation, demyelination, autophagy, apoptosis, and involvement of lipid raft and oligodendrocytes in KSS. Therefore, this paper draws attention towards these relatively underemphasized findings that might further clarify the pathologic cascades following deletions in the mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, 0027, Norway.
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Ansari MM, Ghosh M, Lee DS, Son YO. Senolytic therapeutics: An emerging treatment modality for osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102275. [PMID: 38494091 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease affecting millions of people aged over 65 years, is the main musculoskeletal cause of diminished joint mobility in the elderly. It is characterized by lingering pain and increasing deterioration of articular cartilage. Aging and accumulation of senescent cells (SCs) in the joints are frequently associated with OA. Apoptosis resistance; irreversible cell cycle arrest; increased p16INK4a expression, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, senescence-associated β-galactosidase levels, secretion of extracellular vesicles, and levels of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; and mitochondrial dysregulation are some common changes in cellular senescence in joint tissues. Development of OA correlates with an increase in the density of SCs in joint tissues. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype has been linked to OA and cartilage breakdown. Senolytics and therapeutic pharmaceuticals are being focused upon for OA management. SCs can be selectively eliminated or killed by senolytics to halt the pathogenesis and progression of OA. Comprehensive understanding of how aging affects joint dysfunction will benefit OA patients. Here, we discuss age-related mechanisms associated with OA pathogenesis and senolytics as an emerging modality in the management of age-related SCs and pathogenesis of OA in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Meraj Ansari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Liu X, Zhang X, Zhao L, Long J, Feng Z, Su J, Gao F, Liu J. Mitochondria as a sensor, a central hub and a biological clock in psychological stress-accelerated aging. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102145. [PMID: 38030089 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The theory that oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial free radicals leads to aging has brought mitochondria into the forefront of aging research. Psychological stress that encompasses many different experiences and exposures across the lifespan has been identified as a catalyst for accelerated aging. Mitochondria, known for their dynamic nature and adaptability, function as a highly sensitive stress sensor and central hub in the process of accelerated aging. In this review, we explore how mitochondria as sensors respond to psychological stress and contribute to the molecular processes in accelerated aging by viewing mitochondria as hormonal, mechanosensitive and immune suborganelles. This understanding of the key role played by mitochondria and their close association with accelerated aging helps us to distinguish normal aging from accelerated aging, correct misconceptions in aging studies, and develop strategies such as exercise and mitochondria-targeted nutrients and drugs for slowing down accelerated aging, and also hold promise for prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyun Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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7
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Bhattacharya D, Slavin MB, Hood DA. Muscle mitochondrial transplantation can rescue and maintain cellular homeostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C862-C884. [PMID: 37575060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00212.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria control cellular functions through their metabolic role. Recent research that has gained considerable attention is their ability to transfer between cells. This has the potential of improving cellular functions in pathological or energy-deficit conditions, but little is known about the role of mitochondrial transfer in sustaining cellular homeostasis. Few studies have investigated the potential of skeletal muscle as a source of healthy mitochondria that can be transferred to other cell types. Thus, we isolated intermyofibrillar mitochondria from murine skeletal muscle and incubated them with host cells. We observed dose- and time-dependent increases in mitochondrial incorporation into myoblasts. This resulted in elongated mitochondrial networks and an enhancement of bioenergetic profile of the host cells. Mitochondrial donation also rejuvenated the functional capacities of the myoblasts when respiration efficiency and lysosomal function were inhibited by complex I inhibitor rotenone and bafilomycin A, respectively. Mitochondrial transfer was accomplished via tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, gap junctions, and by macropinocytosis internalization. Murine muscle mitochondria were also effectively transferred to human fibroblast cells having mitochondrial DNA mutations, resulting in augmented mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic functions. This improved cell function by diminishing reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission in the diseased cells. Our findings suggest that mitochondria from donor skeletal muscle can be integrated in both healthy and functionally compromised host cells leading to mitochondrial structural refinement and respiratory boost. This mitochondrial trafficking and bioenergetic reprogramming to maintain and revitalize tissue homeostasis could be a useful therapeutic strategy in treating diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In our study, we have shown the potential of mouse skeletal muscle intermyofibrillar mitochondria to be transplanted in myoblasts and human fibroblast cells having mitochondrial DNA mutations. This resulted in an augmentation of mitochondrial dynamics and enhancement of bioenergetic profile in the host cells. Our findings suggest that mitochondria from donor skeletal muscle can be integrated into both healthy and functionally compromised host cells leading to mitochondrial structural refinement and respiratory boost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Bhattacharya
- Muscle Health Research Center, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikhaela B Slavin
- Muscle Health Research Center, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Center, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lin D, Yu J, Lin L, Ou Q, Quan H. MRPS6 modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse islet cells through mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16173. [PMID: 37758822 PMCID: PMC10533529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of efficient insulin secretion from the pancreas can lead to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), prediabetes, and diabetes. We have previously identified two IGT-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs62212118 and rs13052524 located at two overlapping genes: MRPS6 and SLC5A3. In this study, we show that MRPS6 but not SLC5A3 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in primary human β-cell and a mouse pancreatic insulinoma β-cell line. Data mining and biochemical studies reveal that MRPS6 is positively regulated by the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), but feedback inhibits UPRmt. Disruption of such feedback by MRPS6 knockdown causes UPRmt hyperactivation in high glucose conditions, hence elevated ROS levels, increased apoptosis, and impaired GSIS. Conversely, MRPS6 overexpression reduces UPRmt, mitigates high glucose-induced ROS levels and apoptosis, and enhances GSIS in an ATF5-dependent manner. Consistently, UPRmt up-regulation or down-regulation by modulating ATF5 expression is sufficient to decrease or increase GSIS. The negative role of UPRmt in GSIS is further supported by analysis of public transcriptomic data from murine islets. In all, our studies identify MRPS6 and UPRmt as novel modulators of GSIS and apoptosis in β-cells, contributing to our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of IGT, prediabetes, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Leweihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Qianying Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
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Lee Y, Han J, Hwang SB, Kang SS, Son HB, Jin C, Kim JE, Lee BH, Kang E. Selection of iPSCs without mtDNA deletion for autologous cell therapy in a patient with Pearson syndrome. BMB Rep 2023; 56:463-468. [PMID: 37156631 PMCID: PMC10471463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening for genetic defects in the cells should be examined for clinical application. The Pearson syndrome (PS) patient harbored nuclear mutations in the POLG and SSBP1 genes, which could induce systemic large-scale mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) deletion. We investigated iPSCs with mtDNA deletions in PS patient and whether deletion levels could be maintained during differentiation. The iPSC clones derived from skin fibroblasts (9% deletion) and blood mononuclear cells (24% deletion) were measured for mtDNA deletion levels. Of the 13 skin-derived iPSC clones, only 3 were found to be free of mtDNA deletions, whereas all blood-derived iPSC clones were found to be free of deletions. The iPSC clones with (27%) and without mtDNA deletion (0%) were selected and performed in vitro and in vivo differentiation, such as embryonic body (EB) and teratoma formation. After differentiation, the level of deletion was retained or increased in EBs (24%) or teratoma (45%) from deletion iPSC clone, while, the absence of deletions showed in all EBs and teratomas from deletion-free iPSC clones. These results demonstrated that non-deletion in iPSCs was maintained during in vitro and in vivo differentiation, even in the presence of nuclear mutations, suggesting that deletion-free iPSC clones could be candidates for autologous cell therapy in patients. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(8): 463-468].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jongsuk Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Sae-Byeok Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Soon-Suk Kang
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Bin Son
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Chaeyeon Jin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eunju Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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Abstract
With the advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, the idea of using gene therapies to treat human genetic diseases captured the interest and imagination of scientists around the world. Years later, enabled largely by the development of CRISPR-based genome editing tools, the field has exploded, with academic labs, startup biotechnology companies, and large pharmaceutical corporations working in concert to develop life-changing therapeutics. In this Essay, we highlight base editing technologies and their development from bench to bedside. Base editing, first reported in 2016, is capable of installing C•G to T•A and A•T to G•C point mutations, while largely circumventing some of the pitfalls of traditional CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Despite their youth, these technologies have been widely used by both academic labs and therapeutics-based companies. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanics of base editing and its use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Porto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alexis C. Komor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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11
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Kar B, Castillo SR, Sabharwal A, Clark KJ, Ekker SC. Mitochondrial Base Editing: Recent Advances towards Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065798. [PMID: 36982871 PMCID: PMC10056815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical organelles that form networks within our cells, generate energy dynamically, contribute to diverse cell and organ function, and produce a variety of critical signaling molecules, such as cortisol. This intracellular microbiome can differ between cells, tissues, and organs. Mitochondria can change with disease, age, and in response to the environment. Single nucleotide variants in the circular genomes of human mitochondrial DNA are associated with many different life-threatening diseases. Mitochondrial DNA base editing tools have established novel disease models and represent a new possibility toward personalized gene therapies for the treatment of mtDNA-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibekananda Kar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Santiago R Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ankit Sabharwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism in HV1 and HV2 Regions and 12S rDNA in Perimenopausal Hypertensive Women. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030823. [PMID: 36979802 PMCID: PMC10044999 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens enhance cellular mitochondrial activity. The diminution of female hormones during menopause may have an effect on the mitochondrial genome and the expression of mitochondrial proteins. Hence, oxidative stress and the pro-inflammatory state contribute to the formation of systemic illnesses including arterial hypertension (AH). This study aimed to determine the types and frequency of mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) nucleotide sequence in the hypervariable regions 1 and 2 (HV1 and HV2) and the 12S RNA coding sequence of the D-loop in postmenopausal women with hypertension. In our study, 100 women were investigated, 53 of whom were postmenopausal and 47 of whom were premenopausal (53.9 ± 3.7 years vs. 47.7 ± 4.2 years, respectively). Of those studied, 35 premenopausal and 40 postmenopausal women were diagnosed with AH. A medical checkup with 24 h monitoring of blood pressure (RR) and heart rate was undertaken (HR). The polymorphism of the D-loop and 12S rDNA region of mtDNA was examined. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of mtDNA were observed in 23% of the group of 100 women. The changes were identified in 91.3% of HV1 and HV2 regions, 60.9% of HV1 segments, 47.5% of HV2 regions, and 43.5% of 12S rDNA regions. The frequency of nucleotide sequence alterations in mtDNA was substantially higher in postmenopausal women (34%) than in premenopausal women (10.6%), p = 0.016. A higher frequency of changes in HV1 + HV2 sections in postmenopausal women (30.2%) compared to the premenopausal group (10.6%) was detected, p = 0.011. Only postmenopausal women were found to have modifications to the HV2 segment and the 12S rDNA region. After menopause, polymorphism in the mtDNA region was substantially more frequent in women with arterial hypertension than before menopause (p = 0.030; 37.5% vs. 11.5%). Comparable findings were observed in the HV2 and HV1 regions of the AH group (35% vs. 11.5%), p = 0.015, in the HV1 segment (25% vs. 11.5%), p = 0.529, and in the HV2 segment, 12S rDNA (25% vs. 0%). More than 80% of all changes in nucleotide sequence were homoplasmic. The mtDNA polymorphisms of the nucleotide sequence in the HV1 and HV2 regions, the HV2 region alone, and the 12S RNA coding sequence were associated with estrogen deficiency and a more severe course of arterial hypertension, accompanied by symptoms of adrenergic stimulation.
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Salvador CL, Oppebøen M, Vassli AØ, Pfeiffer HCV, Varhaug KN, Elgstøen KBP, Yazdani M. Increased Sphingomyelin and Free Sialic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: New Findings Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:68-76. [PMID: 37018879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is caused by duplications and/or deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is typically diagnosed based on a classic triad of symptoms with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), retinitis pigmentosa, and onset before age 20 years. The present study aimed to diagnose two patients, on suspicion of KSS. METHODS One of the patients went through a diagnostic odyssey, with normal results from several mtDNA analyses, both in blood and muscle, before the diagnosis was confirmed genetically. RESULTS Two patients presented increased tau protein and low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Untargeted metabolomics on CSF samples also showed an increase in the levels of free sialic acid and sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), compared with four control groups (patients with mitochondrial disorders, nonmitochondrial disorders, low 5-MTHF, or increased tau proteins). CONCLUSIONS It is the first time that elevated sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0) and tau protein in KSS are reported. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach and standard laboratory methods, the study could shed new light on metabolism in KSS to better understand its complexity. In addition, the findings may suggest the combination of elevated free sialic acid, sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), and tau protein as well as low 5-MTHF as new biomarkers in the diagnostics of KSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Oppebøen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Østeby Vassli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Cecilie Viekilde Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristin Nielsen Varhaug
- The Mitochondrial Medicine and Neurogenetics (MMN) Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Chou CW, Hsu YC. Current development of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring mitochondrial gene mutations and their applications in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. Hear Res 2023; 429:108689. [PMID: 36649664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Of all the human body's sensory systems, the auditory system is perhaps its most intricate. Hearing loss can result from even modest damage or cell death in the inner ear, and is the most common form of sensory loss. Human hearing is made possible by the sensory epithelium, the lateral wall, and auditory nerves. The most prominent functional cells in the sensory epithelium are outer hair cells (OHCs), inner hair cells (IHCs), and supporting cells. Different sound frequencies are processed by OHCs and IHCs in different cochlear regions, with those in the apex responsible for low frequencies and those in the basal region responsible for high frequencies. Hair cells can be damaged or destroyed by loud noise, aging process, genetic mutations, ototoxicity, infection, and illness. As such, they are a primary target for treating sensorineural hearing loss. Other areas known to affect hearing include spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the auditory nerve. Age-related degradation of HCs and SGNs can also cause hearing loss. The aim of this review is to introduce the roles of mitochondria in human auditory system and the inner ear's main cell types and cellular functions, before going on to detail the likely health benefits of iPSC technology. We posit that patient-specific iPSCs with mitochondrial gene mutations will be an important aspect of regenerative medicine and will lead to significant progress in the treatment of SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Chou
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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15
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Oliveira VCD, Roballo KCS, Mariano Junior CG, Ambrósio CE. Gene Editing Technologies Targeting TFAM and Its Relation to Mitochondrial Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:173-189. [PMID: 37486522 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; they play a key role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria have their own DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), keeping the function of the mitochondria. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a member of the HMGB subfamily that binds to mtDNA promoters is and considered essential in mtDNA replication and transcription. More recently, TFAM has been shown to play a central role in the maintenance and regulation of mitochondrial copy number, inflammatory response, expression regulation, and mitochondrial genome activity. Gene editing tools such as the CRISPR-Cas 9 technique, TALENs, and other gene editing tools have been used to investigate the role of TFAM in mitochondrial mechanics and biogenesis as well as its correlation to mitochondrial disorders. Thus this chapter brings a summary of mitochondria function, dysfunction, the importance of TFAM in the maintenance of mitochondria, and state of the art of gene editing tools involving TFAM and mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Clesio Gomes Mariano Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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16
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Willis JCW, Silva-Pinheiro P, Widdup L, Minczuk M, Liu DR. Compact zinc finger base editors that edit mitochondrial or nuclear DNA in vitro and in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7204. [PMID: 36418298 PMCID: PMC9684478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DddA-derived cytosine base editors (DdCBEs) use programmable DNA-binding TALE repeat arrays, rather than CRISPR proteins, a split double-stranded DNA cytidine deaminase (DddA), and a uracil glycosylase inhibitor to mediate C•G-to-T•A editing in nuclear and organelle DNA. Here we report the development of zinc finger DdCBEs (ZF-DdCBEs) and the improvement of their editing performance through engineering their architectures, defining improved ZF scaffolds, and installing DddA activity-enhancing mutations. We engineer variants with improved DNA specificity by integrating four strategies to reduce off-target editing. We use optimized ZF-DdCBEs to install or correct disease-associated mutations in mitochondria and in the nucleus. Leveraging their small size, we use a single AAV9 to deliver into heart, liver, and skeletal muscle in post-natal mice ZF-DdCBEs that efficiently install disease-associated mutations. While off-target editing of ZF-DdCBEs is likely too high for therapeutic applications, these findings demonstrate a compact, all-protein base editing research tool for precise editing of organelle or nuclear DNA without double-strand DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C W Willis
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lily Widdup
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The human brain consumes five orders of magnitude more energy than the sun by unit of mass and time. This staggering bioenergetic cost serves mostly synaptic transmission and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The peak of both brain bioenergetic demands and the age of onset for neurodevelopmental disorders is approximately 5 years of age. This correlation suggests that defects in the machinery that provides cellular energy would be causative and/or consequence of neurodevelopmental disorders. We explore this hypothesis from the perspective of the machinery required for the synthesis of the electron transport chain, an ATP-producing and NADH-consuming enzymatic cascade. The electron transport chain is constituted by nuclear- and mitochondrial-genome-encoded subunits. These subunits are synthesized by the 80S and the 55S ribosomes, which are segregated to the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix, correspondingly. Mitochondrial protein synthesis by the 55S ribosome is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of electron transport chain components, suggesting that mitochondrial protein synthesis is a bottleneck for tissues with high bionergetic demands. We discuss genetic defects in the human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that affect these protein synthesis machineries and cause a phenotypic spectrum spanning autism spectrum disorders to neurodegeneration during neurodevelopment. We propose that dysregulated mitochondrial protein synthesis is a chief, yet understudied, causative mechanism of neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders.
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18
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Liew SH, Lim JY, Yahya HM, Rajikan R. Knowledge and perception of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) among healthcare students at a selected public university in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022; 11:125-132. [PMID: 36200028 PMCID: PMC9437999 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare providers play an important role in improving the health of Inborn Error of Metabolism (IEM) patients. However, IEM knowledge level among local healthcare students has yet to be determined. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and perception of IEM among local healthcare students. An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 378 students across the Faculty of Health Science, Pharmacy and Dentistry from a selected public university in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. For knowledge, a score of 1 is assigned to each correct answer with a maximum total score of 14. Likert scale was used to determine their perception of IEM. The total mean score of IEM knowledge among healthcare students is 5.8. There was no significant difference of mean score of IEM knowledge among the students from the Faculty of Health Science (6.1 ± 2.7), Pharmacy (5.5 ± 2.6) and Dentistry (5.8 ± 2.8). However, the score of knowledge is observed to be significantly different by ethnicity, religion and family history of IEM (p < 0.05). Furthermore, students with experience of meeting an IEM patient and attending IEM classes scored higher than those with no experience (p < 0.05). Most of the healthcare students (89.5%) perceived their knowledge to be insufficient and very poor. Majority of the students from faculty of pharmacy (70.8%) agreed that the IEM course should be mandatory compared to health sciences and dentistry (p < 0.05). This study identified an overall inadequacy of knowledge of IEM among healthcare students. There is a pressing need to improve the IEM-related knowledge and awareness of Malaysian healthcare students. This can be accomplished by incorporating online classes that emphasizes the treatment and management of IEMs in the university curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hui Liew
- Nutritional Science Program, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing Ying Lim
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Hanis Mastura Yahya
- Nutritional Science Program, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Roslee Rajikan
- Nutritional Science Program, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Address correspondence to:Roslee Rajikan, Dietetics Programme & Centre of Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail:
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19
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Mendoza A, Karch J. Keeping the beat against time: Mitochondrial fitness in the aging heart. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:951417. [PMID: 35958271 PMCID: PMC9360554 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.951417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging strongly correlates with maladaptive architectural, mechanical, and biochemical alterations that contribute to the decline in cardiac function. Consequently, aging is a major risk factor for the development of heart disease, the leading cause of death in the developed world. In this review, we will summarize the classic and recently uncovered pathological changes within the aged heart with an emphasis on the mitochondria. Specifically, we describe the metabolic changes that occur in the aging heart as well as the loss of mitochondrial fitness and function and how these factors contribute to the decline in cardiomyocyte number. In addition, we highlight recent pharmacological, genetic, or behavioral therapeutic intervention advancements that may alleviate age-related cardiac decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielys Mendoza
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Miwa S, Kashyap S, Chini E, von Zglinicki T. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cell senescence and aging. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158447. [PMID: 35775483 PMCID: PMC9246372 DOI: 10.1172/jci158447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell senescence are hallmarks of aging and are closely interconnected. Mitochondrial dysfunction, operationally defined as a decreased respiratory capacity per mitochondrion together with a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, typically accompanied by increased production of oxygen free radicals, is a cause and a consequence of cellular senescence and figures prominently in multiple feedback loops that induce and maintain the senescent phenotype. Here, we summarize pathways that cause mitochondrial dysfunction in senescence and aging and discuss the major consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction and how these consequences contribute to senescence and aging. We also highlight the potential of senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction as an antiaging and antisenescence intervention target, proposing the combination of multiple interventions converging onto mitochondrial dysfunction as novel, potent senolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Miwa
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Ageing Biology Laboratories, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eduardo Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Ageing Biology Laboratories, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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21
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Amor H, Hammadeh ME. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Mitochondrial Variations on Male Infertility. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071182. [PMID: 35885965 PMCID: PMC9325252 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to current estimates, infertility affects one in four couples trying to conceive. Primary or secondary infertility can be due either to both partners or only to the man or the woman. Up to 15% of infertility cases in men can be attributed to genetic factors that can lead to irreversible partial or complete spermatogenic arrest. The increased use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has provided not only insights into the causes of male infertility but also afforded a diagnostic tool to detect and manage this condition among couples. Genes control a variety of physiological attributes, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, development, and germ cell differentiation. In the era of ART, it is important to understand the genetic basis of infertility so as to provide the most tailored therapy and counseling to couples. Genetic factors involved in male infertility can be chromosome abnormalities or single-gene disorders, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, Y-chromosome deletions, multifactorial disorders, imprinting disorders, or endocrine disorders of genetic origin. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome as an indicator of sperm quality and fertility.
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22
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Cerebral Polymorphisms for Lateralisation: Modelling the Genetic and Phenotypic Architectures of Multiple Functional Modules. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent fMRI and fTCD studies have found that functional modules for aspects of language, praxis, and visuo-spatial functioning, while typically left, left and right hemispheric respectively, frequently show atypical lateralisation. Studies with increasing numbers of modules and participants are finding increasing numbers of module combinations, which here are termed cerebral polymorphisms—qualitatively different lateral organisations of cognitive functions. Polymorphisms are more frequent in left-handers than right-handers, but it is far from the case that right-handers all show the lateral organisation of modules described in introductory textbooks. In computational terms, this paper extends the original, monogenic McManus DC (dextral-chance) model of handedness and language dominance to multiple functional modules, and to a polygenic DC model compatible with the molecular genetics of handedness, and with the biology of visceral asymmetries found in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Distributions of cerebral polymorphisms are calculated for families and twins, and consequences and implications of cerebral polymorphisms are explored for explaining aphasia due to cerebral damage, as well as possible talents and deficits arising from atypical inter- and intra-hemispheric modular connections. The model is set in the broader context of the testing of psychological theories, of issues of laterality measurement, of mutation-selection balance, and the evolution of brain and visceral asymmetries.
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23
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Dorji J, Vander Jagt CJ, Chamberlain AJ, Cocks BG, MacLeod IM, Daetwyler HD. Recovery of mitogenomes from whole genome sequences to infer maternal diversity in 1883 modern taurine and indicine cattle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5582. [PMID: 35379858 PMCID: PMC8980051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diversity based on a sub-region of mitochondrial genome or variants were commonly used to understand past demographic events in livestock. Additionally, there is growing evidence of direct association of mitochondrial genetic variants with a range of phenotypes. Therefore, this study used complete bovine mitogenomes from a large sequence database to explore the full spectrum of maternal diversity. Mitogenome diversity was evaluated among 1883 animals representing 156 globally important cattle breeds. Overall, the mitogenomes were diverse: presenting 11 major haplogroups, expanding to 1309 unique haplotypes, with nucleotide diversity 0.011 and haplotype diversity 0.999. A small proportion of African taurine (3.5%) and indicine (1.3%) haplogroups were found among the European taurine breeds and composites. The haplogrouping was largely consistent with the population structure derived from alternate clustering methods (e.g. PCA and hierarchical clustering). Further, we present evidence confirming a new indicine subgroup (I1a, 64 animals) mainly consisting of breeds originating from China and characterised by two private mutations within the I1 haplogroup. The total genetic variation was attributed mainly to within-breed variance (96.9%). The accuracy of the imputation of missing genotypes was high (99.8%) except for the relatively rare heteroplasmic genotypes, suggesting the potential for trait association studies within a breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigme Dorji
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Christy J Vander Jagt
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Amanda J Chamberlain
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Benjamin G Cocks
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Iona M MacLeod
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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24
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Therapeutic applications of mitochondrial transplantation. Biochimie 2022; 195:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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de Oliveira VC, Santos Roballo KC, Mariano Junior CG, Santos SIP, Bressan FF, Chiaratti MR, Tucker EJ, Davis EE, Concordet JP, Ambrósio CE. HEK293T Cells with TFAM Disruption by CRISPR-Cas9 as a Model for Mitochondrial Regulation. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:22. [PMID: 35054416 PMCID: PMC8779421 DOI: 10.3390/life12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is considered a key factor in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Given that the regulation of active copies of mtDNA is still not fully understood, we investigated the effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of TFAM in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells on mtDNA copy number. The aim of this study was to generate a new in vitro model by CRISPR-Cas9 system by editing the TFAM locus in HEK293T cells. Among the resulting single-cell clones, seven had high mutation rates (67-96%) and showed a decrease in mtDNA copy number compared to control. Cell staining with Mitotracker Red showed a reduction in fluorescence in the edited cells compared to the non-edited cells. Our findings suggest that the mtDNA copy number is directly related to TFAM control and its disruption results in interference with mitochondrial stability and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Clésio Gomes Mariano Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Sarah Ingrid Pinto Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Elena J. Tucker
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Erica E. Davis
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 1900, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 1900, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, 75231 Paris, France;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
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McKnight CL, Low YC, Elliott DA, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE. Modelling Mitochondrial Disease in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: What Have We Learned? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7730. [PMID: 34299348 PMCID: PMC8306397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases disrupt cellular energy production and are among the most complex group of inherited genetic disorders. Affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births, they are both clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and can be highly tissue specific, but most often affect cell types with high energy demands in the brain, heart, and kidneys. There are currently no clinically validated treatment options available, despite several agents showing therapeutic promise. However, modelling these disorders is challenging as many non-human models of mitochondrial disease do not completely recapitulate human phenotypes for known disease genes. Additionally, access to disease-relevant cell or tissue types from patients is often limited. To overcome these difficulties, many groups have turned to human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to model mitochondrial disease for both nuclear-DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) contexts. Leveraging the capacity of hPSCs to differentiate into clinically relevant cell types, these models permit both detailed investigation of cellular pathomechanisms and validation of promising treatment options. Here we catalogue hPSC models of mitochondrial disease that have been generated to date, summarise approaches and key outcomes of phenotypic profiling using these models, and discuss key criteria to guide future investigations using hPSC models of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L. McKnight
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yau Chung Low
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David A. Elliott
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Senthilvelan S, Sekar SS, Kesavadas C, Thomas B. Neuromitochondrial Disorders : Genomic Basis and an Algorithmic Approach to Imaging Diagnostics. Clin Neuroradiol 2021; 31:559-574. [PMID: 34106285 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-01030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders have been an enigma for a long time due to the varied clinical presentations. Although a genetic confirmation will be mandatory most of the time, half the number of Leigh syndrome would be negative for genetic mutations. There are a growing number of mutations in clinical practice, which escape detection on routine clinical exome sequencing. Imaging would render help in pointing towards a mitochondrial disorder. There are a few case reports which brief about specific mitochondrial mutations and their specific imaging appearance. This article tries to provide a comprehensive review on the imaging-genomic correlation of mitochondrial disorders with an objective of performing a specific genetic testing to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhakumar Senthilvelan
- Department of IS&IR, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Sabarish S Sekar
- Department of IS&IR, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Kesavadas
- Department of IS&IR, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of IS&IR, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, Trivandrum, India.
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Sazonova MA, Ryzhkova AI, Sinyov VV, Sazonova MD, Kirichenko TV, Doroschuk NA, Karagodin VP, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA. Mutations of mtDNA in some Vascular and Metabolic Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:177-184. [PMID: 32867647 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999200820162154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present review article considers some chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, the causes of which may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Very often, in the long course of the disease, complications may occur, leading to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke and, as a result, death. In particular, a large percentage of human deaths nowadays belongs to cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review was the analysis of literature sources, devoted to an investigation of a link of mitochondrial DNA mutations with chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis. RESULTS The analysis of literature indicates the association of the mitochondrial genome mutations with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and various types of cardiomyopathies. CONCLUSION The detected mutations can be used to analyze the predisposition to chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis. They can also be used to create molecular-cell models necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs developed for the treatment of these pathologies. MtDNA mutations associated with the absence of diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis could be potential candidates for gene therapy of the said diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A Sazonova
- Laboratory of angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia I Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily V Sinyov
- Laboratory of angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina D Sazonova
- Laboratory of angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya A Doroschuk
- Laboratory of angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily P Karagodin
- Laboratory of angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 0
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Hanson BM, Seli E. Preimplantation genetic testing to evaluate for mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid disease and aneuploidy: a two-birds-with-one-stone approach. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1439-1440. [PMID: 33795137 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Hanson
- IVI-Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey, Basking Ridge, New Jersey; Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emre Seli
- IVI-Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey, Basking Ridge, New Jersey; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Transcriptional Regulation of Postnatal Cardiomyocyte Maturation and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063288. [PMID: 33807107 PMCID: PMC8004589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period, mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo numerous maturational changes associated with increased cardiac function and output, including hypertrophic growth, cell cycle exit, sarcomeric protein isoform switching, and mitochondrial maturation. These changes come at the expense of loss of regenerative capacity of the heart, contributing to heart failure after cardiac injury in adults. While most studies focus on the transcriptional regulation of embryonic or adult cardiomyocytes, the transcriptional changes that occur during the postnatal period are relatively unknown. In this review, we focus on the transcriptional regulators responsible for these aspects of cardiomyocyte maturation during the postnatal period in mammals. By specifically highlighting this transitional period, we draw attention to critical processes in cardiomyocyte maturation with potential therapeutic implications in cardiovascular disease.
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An original biomarker for the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and their complications: Telomere length. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:499-504. [PMID: 33732625 PMCID: PMC7941069 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied a sample of patients with coronary heart disease. We analyzed the telomere length in this sample. We compared telomere length in patients and conventionally healthy study participants. Patients with coronary heart disease had shorter telomerestelomeres. These patients had an increased risk of cardiovascular complication.
Aim The aim of this work was to study the effect of telomere length in the chromosomes of nuclear blood cells in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) on the development of cardiovascular complications (CVC). Materials and methods DNA was isolated from nuclear blood cells of 498 study participants. The telomere length was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The investigation of each sample was repeated three times. Five years after the end of this study, a telephone survey of 119 patients with CHD was conducted in order to obtain data on the presence of CVC. Results According to the results obtained, a decrease in telomere length in patients with coronary heart disease increases the risk of subsequent development of cardiovascular complications. Conclusion Patients with coronary heart disease with shorter telomeres compared with conventionally healthy study participants had an increased risk of cardiovascular complications within 5 years after telomere analysis.
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Sazonova MA, Sinyov VV, Ryzhkova AI, Sazonova MD, Kirichenko TV, Khotina VA, Khasanova ZB, Doroschuk NA, Karagodin VP, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA. Some Molecular and Cellular Stress Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E699. [PMID: 33445687 PMCID: PMC7828120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a combination of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body to the influence of various adverse stress factors which disrupt its homeostasis, and it is also a corresponding state of the organism's nervous system (or the body in general). We hypothesized that chronic stress may be one of the causes occurence of several molecular and cellular types of stress. We analyzed literary sources and considered most of these types of stress in our review article. We examined genes and mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and also molecular variants which lead to various types of stress. The end result of chronic stress can be metabolic disturbance in humans and animals, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, energy deficiency in cells (due to a decrease in ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can last for the lifetime and lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. The analysis of literature allowed us to conclude that under the influence of chronic stress, metabolism in the human body can be disrupted, mutations of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and dysfunction of cells and their compartments can occur. As a result of these processes, oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular stress can occur. Therefore, chronic stress can be one of the causes forthe occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic stress can play a large role in the occurrence and development of oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular types of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Vasily V. Sinyov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Anastasia I. Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Marina D. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Khotina
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zukhra B. Khasanova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Natalya A. Doroschuk
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Vasily P. Karagodin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Department of Commodity Science and Expertise, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Centre, 143024 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
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Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolaki NE, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Katsiki N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Current status of translational research/clinical and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:275-313. [PMID: 32959403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy to the cell during aerobic respiration by supplying ~95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules via oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles have various other functions, all carried out by numerous proteins, with the majority of them being encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondria occupy ~1/3 of the volume of myocardial cells in adults, and function at levels of high-efficiency to promptly meet the energy requirements of the myocardial contractile units. Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which contains 37 genes and is maternally inherited. Over the last several years, a variety of functions of these organelles have been discovered and this has led to a growing interest in their involvement in various diseases, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction relates to the status where mitochondria cannot meet the demands of a cell for ATP and there is an enhanced formation of reactive-oxygen species. This dysfunction may occur as a result of mtDNA and/or nDNA mutations, but also as a response to aging and various disease and environmental stresses, leading to the development of cardiomyopathies and other CV diseases. Designing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to maintain or restore mitochondrial function has been a great challenge as a result of variable responses according to the etiology of the disorder. There have been several preclinical data on such therapies, but clinical studies are scarce. A major challenge relates to the techniques needed to eclectically deliver the therapeutic agents to cardiac tissues and to damaged mitochondria for successful clinical outcomes. All these issues and progress made over the last several years are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mitochondria: Aging, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases. Formation of a New Paradigm. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2020. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the major causes of mortality among aged people in most developed countries. Oxidative stress, which causes mutations of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial dysfunctions, was considered as the main mechanism of heart failure and other pathologies of old age. However, in recent years the prior paradigm of mechanisms of aging, oxidative stress and antioxidative defense was questioned and in some aspects even turned out to be wrong. In this review, we discuss the new data that led to the need to reconsider paradigms. We show that although the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging remains valid, the radical responsible for the aging is the protonated form of the superoxide radical, namely perhydroxyl radical, which was largely ignored all previous years. Perhydroxyl radical initiates the isoprostane pathway of lipid peroxidation (IPLP) of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are part of the phospholipid core of the mitochondrial inner membrane. IPLP was discovered 30 years ago by Roberts and Morrow at the Vanderbilt University, but the mechanism of its initiation remained unknown. The IPLP causes formation of the racemic mixture of hundreds of biologically active products, named isoprostanes, and highly toxic molecules, first of all isolevuglandins. We distinguish two types of damages caused by IPLP during aging. The first one is associated with oxidative damages to cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine (PEA), which result in disruption of polyenzymatic complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation system. The second type of dysfunctions is caused by the direct actions of toxic products on the lysine-containing proteins and PEA. To this type of mitochondrial damages evidently belongs the oxidative damage of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase, which results in a 20-fold increase in mutations of mitochondrial mtDNA.
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Kerr M, Hume S, Omar F, Koo D, Barnes H, Khan M, Aman S, Wei XC, Alfuhaid H, McDonald R, McDonald L, Newell C, Sparkes R, Hittel D, Khan A. MITO-FIND: A study in 390 patients to determine a diagnostic strategy for mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:66-82. [PMID: 32980267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases, due to nuclear or mitochondrial genome mutations causing mitochondrial dysfunction, have a wide range of clinical features involving neurologic, muscular, cardiac, hepatic, visual, and auditory symptoms. Making a diagnosis of a mitochondrial disease is often challenging since there is no gold standard and traditional testing methods have required tissue biopsy which presents technical challenges and most patients prefer a non-invasive approach. Since a diagnosis invariably involves finding a disease-causing DNA variant, new approaches such as next generation sequencing (NGS) have the potential to make it easier to make a diagnosis. We evaluated the ability of our traditional diagnostic pathway (metabolite analysis, tissue neuropathology and respiratory chain enzyme activity) in 390 patients. The traditional diagnostic pathway provided a diagnosis of mitochondrial disease in 115 patients (29.50%). Analysis of mtDNA, tissue neuropathology, skin electron microscopy, respiratory chain enzyme analysis using inhibitor assays, blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were all statistically significant in distinguishing patients between a mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial diagnosis. From these 390 patients who underwent traditional analysis, we recruited 116 patients for the NGS part of the study (36 patients who had a mitochondrial diagnosis (MITO) and 80 patients who had no diagnosis (No-Dx)). In the group of 36 MITO patients, nuclear whole exome sequencing (nWES) provided a second diagnosis in 2 cases who already had a pathogenic variant in mtDNA, and a revised diagnosis (GLUL) in one case that had abnormal pathology but no pathogenic mtDNA variant. In the 80 NO-Dx patients, nWES found non-mitochondrial diagnosis in 26 patients and a mitochondrial diagnosis in 1 patient. A genetic diagnosis was obtained in 53/116 (45.70%) cases that were recruited for NGS, but not in 11/116 (9.48%) of cases with abnormal mitochondrial neuropathology. Our results show that a non-invasive, bigenomic sequencing (BGS) approach (using both a nWES and optimized mtDNA analysis to include large deletions) should be the first step in investigating for mitochondrial diseases. There may still be a role for tissue biopsy in unsolved cases or when the diagnosis is still not clear after NGS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kerr
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacey Hume
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Fadya Omar
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Desmond Koo
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Barnes
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maida Khan
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suhaib Aman
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xing-Chang Wei
- Department of Radiology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hanen Alfuhaid
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman McDonald
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liam McDonald
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Newell
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Sparkes
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dustin Hittel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Bhattacharya D, Scimè A. Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:480. [PMID: 32612995 PMCID: PMC7308489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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37
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Dhar R. Role of Mitochondria in Generation of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Yeast. J Indian Inst Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Peres de Oliveira A, Basei FL, Slepicka PF, de Castro Ferezin C, Melo-Hanchuk TD, de Souza EE, Lima TI, Dos Santos VT, Mendes D, Silveira LR, Menck CFM, Kobarg J. NEK10 interactome and depletion reveal new roles in mitochondria. Proteome Sci 2020; 18:4. [PMID: 32368190 PMCID: PMC7189645 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-020-00160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the family of NEK protein kinases (NIMA-related kinases) were described to have crucial roles in regulating different aspects of the cell cycle. NEK10 was reported to take part in the maintenance of the G2/M checkpoint after exposure to ultraviolet light. NEK1, NEK5, NEK2 and NEK4 proteins on the other hand have been linked to mitochondrial functions. Methods HEK293T cells were transfected with FLAG empty vector or FLAG-NEK10 and treated or not with Zeocin. For proteomic analysis, proteins co-precipitated with the FLAG constructs were digested by trypsin, and then analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Proteomic data retrieved were next submitted to Integrated Interactome System analysis and differentially expressed proteins were attributed to Gene Ontology biological processes and assembled in protein networks by Cytoscape. For functional, cellular and molecular analyses two stable Nek10 silenced HeLa cell clones were established. Results Here, we discovered the following possible new NEK10 protein interactors, related to mitochondrial functions: SIRT3, ATAD3A, ATAD3B, and OAT. After zeocin treatment, the spectrum of mitochondrial interactors increased by the proteins: FKBP4, TXN, PFDN2, ATAD3B, MRPL12, ATP5J, DUT, YWHAE, CS, SIRT3, HSPA9, PDHB, GLUD1, DDX3X, and APEX1. We confirmed the interaction of NEK10 and GLUD1 by proximity ligation assay and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NEK10-depleted cells showed more fragmented mitochondria compared to the control cells. The knock down of NEK10 resulted further in changes in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decreased citrate synthase activity, and culminated in inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, affecting particularly ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate and spare capacity. NEK10 depletion also decreased the ratio of mtDNA amplification, possibly due to DNA damage. However, the total mtDNA content increased, suggesting that NEK10 may be involved in the control of mtDNA content. Conclusions Taken together these data place NEK10 as a novel regulatory player in mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Peres de Oliveira
- 1Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,2Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Luisa Basei
- 1Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,3Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Cândido Portinari, 200; Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz; Campinas-SP; CEP, São Paulo, 13083-871 Brazil
| | - Priscila Ferreira Slepicka
- 4Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila de Castro Ferezin
- 1Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,3Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Cândido Portinari, 200; Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz; Campinas-SP; CEP, São Paulo, 13083-871 Brazil
| | - Talita D Melo-Hanchuk
- 1Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmarcia Elisa de Souza
- 4Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tanes I Lima
- 5Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,6Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Tiago Dos Santos
- 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Reis Silveira
- 5Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jörg Kobarg
- 1Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,3Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Cândido Portinari, 200; Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz; Campinas-SP; CEP, São Paulo, 13083-871 Brazil
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Sazonova MA, Ryzhkova AI, Sinyov VV, Sazonova MD, Khasanova ZB, Nikitina NA, Karagodin VP, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA. Creation of Cultures Containing Mutations Linked with Cardiovascular Diseases using Transfection and Genome Editing. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:693-699. [PMID: 30931844 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this review article, we analyzed the literature on the creation of cultures containing mutations associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome. METHODS We described different methods of transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome, used in the literature. RESULTS We reviewed the researches in which the creation of сell cultures containing mutations was described. According to the literature, system CRISPR/Cas9 proved to be the most preferred method for editing the genome. We found rather promising and interesting a practically undeveloped direction of mitochondria transfection using a gene gun. Such a gun can direct a genetically-engineered construct containing human DNA mutations to the mitochondria using heavy metal particles. However, in human molecular genetics, the transfection method using a gene gun is unfairly forgotten and is almost never used. Ethical problems arising from editing the human genome were also discussed in our review. We came to a conclusion that it is impossible to stop scientific and technical progress. It is important that the editing of the genome takes place under the strict control of society and does not bear dangerous consequences for humanity. To achieve this, the constant interaction of science with society, culture and business is necessary. CONCLUSION The most promising methods for the creation of cell cultures containing mutations linked with cardiovascular diseases, were system CRISPR/Cas9 and the gene gun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A Sazonova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia I Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily V Sinyov
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina D Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zukhra B Khasanova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A Nikitina
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ayyub SA, Gao F, Lightowlers RN, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZM. Rescuing stalled mammalian mitoribosomes - what can we learn from bacteria? J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/1/jcs231811. [PMID: 31896602 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the canonical process of translation, newly completed proteins escape from the ribosome following cleavage of the ester bond that anchors the polypeptide to the P-site tRNA, after which the ribosome can be recycled to initiate a new round of translation. Not all protein synthesis runs to completion as various factors can impede the progression of ribosomes. Rescuing of stalled ribosomes in mammalian mitochondria, however, does not share the same mechanisms that many bacteria use. The classic method for rescuing bacterial ribosomes is trans-translation. The key components of this system are absent from mammalian mitochondria; however, four members of a translation termination factor family are present, with some evidence of homology to members of a bacterial back-up rescue system. To date, there is no definitive demonstration of any other member of this family functioning in mitoribosome rescue. Here, we provide an overview of the processes and key players of canonical translation termination in both bacteria and mammalian mitochondria, followed by a perspective of the bacterial systems used to rescue stalled ribosomes. We highlight any similarities or differences with the mitochondrial translation release factors, and suggest potential roles for these proteins in ribosome rescue in mammalian mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ahana Ayyub
- The Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Fei Gao
- The Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert N Lightowlers
- The Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Zofia M Chrzanowska-Lightowlers
- The Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Quantitative multi-omics analysis of the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1211-1226. [PMID: 31832712 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, combined genome, transcriptome, and metabolome analysis was performed for eight Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial respiration-deficient mutants. Each mutant exhibited a unique nuclear genome mutation pattern; the nuclear genome mutations, and thus potentially affected genes and metabolic pathways, showed a co-occurrence frequency of ≤ 3 among the eight mutants. For example, only a lipid metabolism-related pathway was likely to be affected by the nuclear genome mutations in one of the mutants. However, large deletions in the mitochondrial genome were the shared characteristic among the eight mutants. At the transcriptomic level, lipid metabolism was the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) co-occurring in both ≥ 4 and ≥ 5 mutants. Any identified DEG enriched in lipid metabolism showed the same up-/down-regulated pattern among nearly all eight mutants. Further, 126 differentially expressed lipid species (DELS) were identified, which also showed the same up-/down-regulated pattern among nearly all investigated mutants. It was conservatively demonstrated that the similar change pattern of lipid metabolism in the entire investigated mutant population was attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. The change spectrum of lipid species was presented, suggesting that the number and change degree of up-regulated lipid species were higher than those of down-regulated lipid species. Additionally, energy storage lipids increased in content and plasma-membrane phospholipid compositions varied in the relative proposition. The results for the genome, transcriptome, and lipidome were mutually validated, which provides quantitative data revealing the roles of mitochondria from a global cellular perspective.
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Melchinger H, Jain K, Tyagi T, Hwa J. Role of Platelet Mitochondria: Life in a Nucleus-Free Zone. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:153. [PMID: 31737646 PMCID: PMC6828734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are abundant, small, anucleate circulating cells, serving many emerging pathophysiological roles beyond hemostasis; including active critical roles in thrombosis, injury response, and immunoregulation. In the absence of genomic DNA transcriptional regulation (no nucleus), platelets require strategic prepackaging of all the needed RNA and organelles from megakaryocytes, to sense stress (e.g., hyperglycemia), to protect themselves from stress (e.g., mitophagy), and to communicate a stress response to other cells (e.g., granule and microparticle release). Distinct from avian thrombocytes that have a nucleus, the absence of a nucleus allows the mammalian platelet to maintain its small size, permits morphological flexibility, and may improve speed and efficiency of protein expression in response to stress. In the absence of a nucleus, platelet lifespan of 7–10 days, is largely determined by the mitochondria. The packaging of 5–8 mitochondria is critical in aerobic respiration and yielding metabolic substrates needed for function and survival. Mitochondria damage or dysfunction, as observed with several disease processes, results in greatly attenuated platelet survival and increased risk for thrombovascular events. Here we provide insights into the emerging roles of platelets despite the lack of a nucleus, and the key role played by mitochondria in platelet function and survival both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Melchinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kanika Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tarun Tyagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John Hwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Dierckxsens N, Mardulyn P, Smits G. Unraveling heteroplasmy patterns with NOVOPlasty. NAR Genom Bioinform 2019; 2:lqz011. [PMID: 33575563 PMCID: PMC7671380 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroplasmy, the existence of multiple mitochondrial haplotypes within an individual, has been studied across different scientific fields. Mitochondrial genome polymorphisms have been linked to multiple severe disorders and are of interest to evolutionary studies and forensic science. Before the development of massive parallel sequencing (MPS), most studies of mitochondrial genome variation were limited to short fragments and to heteroplasmic variants associated with a relatively high frequency (>10%). By utilizing ultra-deep sequencing, it has now become possible to uncover previously undiscovered patterns of intra-individual polymorphisms. Despite these technological advances, it is still challenging to determine the origin of the observed intra-individual polymorphisms. We therefore developed a new method that not only detects intra-individual polymorphisms within mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes more accurately, but also looks for linkage among polymorphic sites by assembling the sequence around each detected polymorphic site. Our benchmark study shows that this method is capable of detecting heteroplasmy more accurately than any method previously available and is the first tool that is able to completely or partially reconstruct the sequence for each mitochondrial haplotype (allele). The method is implemented in our open source software NOVOPlasty that can be downloaded at https://github.com/ndierckx/NOVOPlasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dierckxsens
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Triomflaan CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Mardulyn
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Triomflaan CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, CP 160/12, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Triomflaan CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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