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Rosa LP, da Silva FC, Viana MS, Meira GA. In vitro effectiveness of 455-nm blue LED to reduce the load of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans biofilms in compact bone tissue. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:27-32. [PMID: 26498601 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 455-nm blue light-emitting diode (LED), at different application times, to reduce the load of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans biofilms applied to compact bone tissue. The microorganisms S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and C. albicans (ATCC 18804) were used to form biofilms on 160 specimens of compact bones that had been divided into eight experimental groups (n = 10) for each microorganism, according to the times of application of the 455-nm blue LED (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10 min) with an irradiance of 75 mW/cm2. After LED application, decimal dilutions of microorganisms were performed, plated on BHI or Sabouraud agar and incubated for 24 h/35 °C to obtain CFU/mL counts. The findings were statistically analyzed using a ANOVA 5 %. For the group of S. aureus biofilms, all groups of 455-nm LED application differ compared with the control group (p < 0.05), in which no treatment was given. The largest reduction was obtained in the group receiving LED for 10 min (p = 0.00); within this group, a 3.2 log reduction was observed. For the C. albicans biofilms, only those samples receiving 3, 7, and 10 min of LED application presented a significant difference compared with the control group (p < 0.00), indicating that longer application times are required to achieve efficacy. The results of this study show that 455-nm LED light was effective to reduce the load of S. aureus and C. albicans biofilms, especially during 10 min of application.
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Chuan J, Zhang Y, He X, Zhu Y, Zhong L, Yu D, Xiao H. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Telavancin for Treatment of Infectious Disease: Are We Clearer? Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:330. [PMID: 27721793 PMCID: PMC5033967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Telavancin is approved to treat complicated skin and skin structure infections, hospital-acquired, and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. A previous meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggested that it might be an alternative to vancomycin in cases of difficult-to-treat meticillin-resistant S. aureus infections. We did a meta-analysis including one new trial to access the efficacy and safety of telavancin. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov up to December 30, 2015 to identify randomized controlled trials that assessed the clinical efficacy, eradication efficiency, adverse events and laboratory abnormalities of telavancin vs. other antibiotic agents for bacterial infection. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.0. Results: Five studies (3790 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in treatment success with telavancin than with control antibiotic agents. The pooled pathogen eradication for the telavancin group was numerically higher than that for the control groups, but there was no significant difference. While all-cause mortalities and serious adverse events were comparable between telavancin and control antibiotic agents, adverse event-related withdrawals (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13-1.91) were higher in telavancin group. The total number adverse events were more in the telavancin group than in the control groups, especially in the digestive system (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.37-1.79), nervous system (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.86-2.47) and urogenital system (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.99-3.25). Serum creatinine increase (OR 2.25, 95% Cl 1.78-2.85) and hypokalemia (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.19-2.53) occurred more frequently in telavancin group compared to control groups. Conclusion: Telavancin may be as effective as but no better than the comparison therapy for S. aureus infection. However, because of the high risk of adverse event-related withdrawals and potential nephrotoxicity, prudence with the clinical use of telavancin in infections is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Chuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
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Henson KER, Levine MT, Wong EAH, Levine DP. Glycopeptide antibiotics: evolving resistance, pharmacology and adverse event profile. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:1265-78. [PMID: 26165756 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1068118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The first glycopeptide antibiotic was vancomycin, isolated from the soil in the 1950s; since then, the class has expanded to include teicoplanin and the new semisynthetic glycopeptides dalbavancin, oritavancin and telavancin. They are bactericidal, active against most Gram-positive organisms, and in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibit cell wall synthesis. Resistance to vancomycin has emerged, especially among enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus through a variety of mechanisms. This emerging resistance to vancomycin makes proper dosing and monitoring of the area under the curve/MIC critically important. The chief adverse effect of vancomycin is nephrotoxicity, which is also intricately related to its dose. The efficacy of the semisynthetic glycopeptides has been demonstrated in skin and soft-tissue infections, but remains to be seen in serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Evans R Henson
- a 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St Antoine St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Miriam T Levine
- a 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St Antoine St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eunice Ann H Wong
- a 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St Antoine St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Donald P Levine
- a 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St Antoine St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,b 2 Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a 660 nm laser and methyline blue dye for inactivating Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in compact and cancellous bones: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:276-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mishra B, Lushnikova T, Wang G. Small lipopeptides possess anti-biofilm capability comparable to daptomycin and vancomycin. RSC Adv 2015; 5:59758-59769. [PMID: 26257894 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07896b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, to a large extent, is related to the formation of bacterial biofilms. Thus, compounds with anti-biofilm capability are of practical importance. Inspired by the recent discovery of two amino acid lipopeptides from marine bacteria, we constructed a family of small lipopeptides with 2-3 amino acids. While no antimicrobial activity was found for anionic lipopeptides, cationic candidates are potent against Staphylococcus strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA200, USA300, USA400, UAMS-1, Newman, and Mu50. In the simplest design, two lysines (C14-KK) or three arginines (C14-RRR) attached to an acyl chain of 14 carbons were sufficient to make the compounds antimicrobial. These simple lipopeptides are inherently stable towards S. aureus V8 proteinase and fungal proteinase K, more soluble in water, and more selective than other lipopeptides containing a mixture of hydrophobic and cationic amino acids. Furthermore, the activity of C14-RRR was not compromised by salts, serum, or a change in pH. Live cell experiments revealed that these lipopeptides, with a detergent-like structure, killed bacteria rapidly by targeting cell membranes. Importantly, these compounds were also able to inhibit biofilm formation and could even disrupt preformed biofilms of clinically relevant MRSA strains with an in vitro efficacy comparable to daptomycin and vancomycin. These results indicate that small lipopeptides are potentially useful candidates for preventing or eliminating bacterial biofilms alone or in combination with daptomycin or vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - Tamara Lushnikova
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
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In vitro effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) using a 660 nm laser and malachite green dye in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms arranged on compact and cancellous bone specimens. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1959-65. [PMID: 24935702 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) using a 660 nm visible laser combined with malachite green (MG) dye in the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) biofilms formed within compact and cancellous bone specimens. Specimens of 80 compact bones and 80 cancellous bones were contaminated with a standard suspension of S. aureus and incubated for 14 days at 37 °C to allow for the formation of biofilms. The specimens were divided into the following groups (n = 10) according to the treatment conditions: PS-L - (control - no treatment), PS+L - (only MG for 5 min), PS-L + 90 (only laser irradiation for 90 s), PS-L + 180 (only laser irradiation for 180 s), PS-L + 300 (only laser irradiation for 300 s), APDT90 (APDT for 90 s), APDT180 (APDT for 180 s), and APDT300 (APDT for 300 s). The findings were statistically analyzed using an ANOVA 5%. All of the experimental groups were significantly different from the control group for both the compact and cancellous bone specimens. The compact bone specimens that received APDT treatment (for either 90, 180, or 300 s) showed reductions in the log10 CFU/ml of S. aureus by a magnitude of 4 log10. Cancellous bone specimens treated with 300 s of APDT showed the highest efficacy, and these specimens had a reduction in S. aureus CFU/ml by a factor of 3 log10. APDT treatment using these proposed parameters in combination with MG was effective at inactivating S. aureus biofilms in compact and cancellous bone specimens.
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Millan X, Muggia V, Ostrowsky B. Antimicrobial agents, drug adverse reactions and interactions, and cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 161:413-62. [PMID: 24706233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04220-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The intent of this chapter is to review the types of adverse drug reactions and interactions associated with antimicrobial agents, specifically in the setting of patients with malignancies. The initial sections will discuss categorizing and describing the mechanisms of adverse reactions and interactions. The later sections include a detailed discussion about adverse reactions and drug interactions associated with commonly used antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents in this subpopulation. Where relevant, the clinical use and indication for the drugs will be reviewed. The antibacterial section will specifically address the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and drugs of last resort (newer agents, such as linezolid and daptomycin and novel uses of older previously retired agents, such as polymyxin B). The antifungal section will address the ramification of pharmacokinetic interactions and the need to measure drug levels. The chapter is not meant to be exhaustive and as such will not extensively address all antimicrobials or all interactions for each of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Millan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467-2790, USA
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Yu X, Sun D. Macrocyclic drugs and synthetic methodologies toward macrocycles. Molecules 2013; 18:6230-68. [PMID: 23708234 PMCID: PMC4374646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic scaffolds are commonly found in bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. So far, a large number of macrocyclic natural products have been isolated and synthesized. The construction of macrocycles is generally considered as a crucial and challenging step in the synthesis of macrocyclic natural products. Over the last several decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken toward the synthesis of complex naturally occurring macrocycles and great progresses have been made to advance the field of total synthesis. The commonly used synthetic methodologies toward macrocyclization include macrolactonization, macrolactamization, transition metal-catalyzed cross coupling, ring-closing metathesis, and click reaction, among others. Selected recent examples of macrocyclic synthesis of natural products and druglike macrocycles with significant biological relevance are highlighted in each class. The primary goal of this review is to summarize currently used macrocyclic drugs, highlight the therapeutic potential of this underexplored drug class and outline the general synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; E-Mail:
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Paknikar SS, Narayana S. Newer antibacterials in therapy and clinical trials. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012. [PMID: 23181224 PMCID: PMC3503371 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to deal with the rising problem of antibiotic resistance, newer antibacterials are being discovered and added to existing pool. Since the year 2000, however, only four new classes of antibacterials have been discovered. These include the oxazolidinones, glycolipopeptides, glycolipodepepsipeptide and pleuromutilins. Newer drugs were added to existing classes of antibiotics, such as streptogramins, quinolones, beta-lactam antibiotics, and macrolide-, tetracycline- and trimethoprim-related drugs. Most of the antibacterials are directed against resistant S. aureus infections, with very few against resistant gram-negative infections. The following article reviews the antibacterials approved by the FDA after the year 2000 as well as some of those in clinical trials. Data was obtained through a literature search via Pubmed and google as well as a detailed search of our library database.
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Vilela SFG, Junqueira JC, Barbosa JO, Majewski M, Munin E, Jorge AOC. Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms by malachite green and phenothiazine dyes: An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:704-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mendes RE, Sader HS, Farrell DJ, Jones RN. Update on the telavancin activity tested against European staphylococcal clinical isolates (2009-2010). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 71:93-7. [PMID: 21851873 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated telavancin activity against 3868 Staphylococcus aureus and 1003 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) collected from 33 European hospitals (2009-2010). Studies of telavancin potency included analysis of strains with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides. Telavancin (MIC(50/90), 0.12/0.25 μg/mL) showed high activity against S. aureus and CoNS, regardless of the stratification analysis performed (year sampled, infection source, or methicillin susceptibility). In addition, telavancin (MIC(50/90), 0.25/0.5 μg/mL) retained activity against S. aureus isolates with higher vancomycin (MIC, 2 μg/mL) or teicoplanin (MIC, 2-8 μg/mL) MIC results. Overall, telavancin exhibited higher potency (at least 2-fold greater) than tested comparators (vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid) against European staphylococci. Alongside published clinical data, the telavancin in vitro activity observed against these pathogens supports this drug as an option for treating S. aureus infections in Europe, including those infections caused by strains with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin and/or teicoplanin.
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Pfaller MA, Rhomberg PR, Sader HS, Mendes RE, Jones RN. Telavancin Activity against gram-positive bacteria isolated from patients with skin and skin-structure infections. J Chemother 2011; 22:304-11. [PMID: 21123152 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2010.22.5.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Telavancin is approved in the United States and Canada for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) in adults caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms. The antimicrobial activity of telavancin and comparators was evaluated against 5,027 (2007-2008) Gram-positive bacteria responsible for SSSI in medical centers in Asia-Pacific, European, Latin American, and North American regions. Telavancin was active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC₅₀(/)₉₀, 0.12/0.25 mg/l; 100.0% susceptible) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC₅₀(/)₉₀, 0.12/0.25 mg/l). telavancin inhibited all Enterococcus faecalis, including four strains displaying a VanB phenotype, at ≤ 1 mg/L (MIC₅₀(/)₉₀, 0.25/0.5 mg/l), except for two isolates with a VanA phenotype (MIC, >2 mg/l). Vancomycin-susceptible and VanB vancomycin-resistant E. faecium were inhibited by telavancin at ≤ 0.25 mg/L, while this drug exhibited elevated MIC values (≥ 0.5 mg/l) against E. faecium of VanA phenotype (MIC₅₀(/)₉₀, 2/>2 mg/l). Telavancin was potent against β-haemolytic streptococci (MIC₅₀(/)₉₀, 0.03/0.12 mg/l; 100.0% susceptible) and viridans group streptococci (MIC₅₀(/)₉₀, 0.03/0.06 mg/l; 100.0% susceptible). These in vitro data document the activity of telavancin against contemporary Gram-positive isolates and support its clinical use for the treatment of cSSSI caused by the indicated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pfaller
- JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA 52317, USA
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Jafari Saraf L, Wilson SE. Telavancin, a new lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial, in complicated skin and soft tissue infections. Infect Drug Resist 2011; 4:87-95. [PMID: 21694912 PMCID: PMC3108747 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Telavancin, a novel lipoglycopeptide with rapid concentration-dependent bactericidal effects, is a semisynthetic derivative of the glycopeptide, vancomycin. Telavancin has a dual mechanism of action, ie, inhibition of peptidoglycan polymerization and disruption of the bacterial membrane. It has linear pharmacokinetics, rapid bactericidal killing, and broad spectrum activity against Gram positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. Phase II and III clinical trials for complicated skin and skin structure infections have shown telavancin to have similar efficacy and tolerability to that of vancomycin and standard anti-staphylococcal β-lactams plus vancomycin. In Phase II trials, there was a significant difference in eradication of MRSA between groups, ie, telavancin therapy 92% and standard therapy (vancomycin, nafcillin, oxacillin, or cloxacillin) 68% (P < 0.05). In Phase III trials, among clinically evaluable patients who had MRSA isolated at baseline, the overall therapeutic response was higher in patients treated with telavancin than in patients treated with vancomycin (89.9% versus 84.7%; 95% CI −0.3, 10.5). Also, the efficacy of telavancin was not inferior to that of vancomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections in the clinical trials.
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Putnam SD, Sader HS, Moet GJ, Mendes RE, Jones RN. Worldwide summary of telavancin spectrum and potency against Gram-positive pathogens: 2007 to 2008 surveillance results. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 67:359-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Belavic JM. Vibativ another weapon in the fight against antibiotic resistance. Nurse Pract 2010; 35:7-9. [PMID: 20644442 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000383951.56477.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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In vitro activity of telavancin against a contemporary worldwide collection of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:2704-6. [PMID: 20385851 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00301-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of telavancin and comparators was assessed against a contemporary (2007 and 2008) global collection of 10,000 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Telavancin was very active against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively; MIC(50/90) for both, 0.12/0.25 microg/ml; 100.0% susceptible). This agent was 2-, 4-, and 8-fold more potent than daptomycin (MIC(90), 0.5 microg/ml), vancomycin or quinupristin-dalfopristin (MIC(90), 1 microg/ml), and linezolid (MIC(90), 2 microg/ml) against MRSA, respectively. These data show a potent activity of telavancin tested against a current global collection of S. aureus.
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Koomanachai P, Crandon JL, Nicolau DP. Newer developments in the treatment of Gram-positive infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 10:2829-43. [PMID: 19929705 DOI: 10.1517/14656560903357491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gram-positive organisms are continually a major cause of infection. These organisms are ever-evolving and exhibit resistance to nearly all available agents. Historically, vancomycin was crowned the drug of choice for many of these organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and penicillin-resistant Enterococcus spp. Many of these organisms have exhibited reduced susceptibility or frank resistance to vancomycin which has resulted in treatment failure. For this reason, new strategies in treating Gram-positive infections are a hot topic. There are two general approaches to waging this war: i) development of new antimicrobial agents; and ii) reinvigorating old antibiotics that still retain appreciable activity against Gram-positives. We review both antibiotic groupings with a focus on S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and Enterococcus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpan Koomanachai
- Hartford Hospital, Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
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Abstract
Timely provision of adequate antimicrobial coverage in an initial anti-infective treatment regimen results in optimal outcomes for bacterial and fungal infections. However, selection of appropriate antimicrobial regimens for treatment of infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) can be challenging due to expansion of resistance, which typically requires use of multidrug anti-infective regimens to provide adequate coverage of important pathogens commonly seen in the ICU setting. Indeed, a recent additional call to action by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has enforced the impact that antimicrobial-resistant pathogens can have on patient care. The term ESKAPE has been coined by this IDSA group to refer to Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, the etiologic causes of the majority of hospital-acquired infections in the United States that are able to effectively "escape" our antibiotic arsenal and that also mandate discovery of new antimicrobial agents. This article reviews select antibacterial agents and an antifungal agent in late stages of clinical development that appear to have potential for treatment of infections in the ICU.
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Walsh GM. [Not Available]. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008; 4:i-ii. [PMID: 18728827 PMCID: PMC2503672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Garry M Walsh
- Asthmatic and Allergy Inflammation Group, School of Medicine, University of AberdeenUK
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