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Thambiraj S, Vijayalakshmi R, Ravi Shankaran D. An effective strategy for development of docetaxel encapsulated gold nanoformulations for treatment of prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2808. [PMID: 33531521 PMCID: PMC7854673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoformulation based drug delivery is one of the most important research areas in the field of nanomedicine, which provides promising alternatives to the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Nano drug delivery enables improved pharmacokinetic profile, bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency compared to the regular chemotherapeutic drugs. Herein, we have established a simple method for the synthesis of docetaxel (Dtx) encapsulated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for targeted drug delivery to prostate cancer. AuNPs were synthesized by the citrate ion reduction method followed by functionalization with thiol-PEG-amine (SH-PEG-NH2). SH-PEG-NH2 functionalized AuNPs were conjugated with the targeting vehicle, folic acid (FA). The anticancer drug, Dtx was encapsulated within AuNPs by the non-covalent linkage method. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanoformulations were extensively characterized by various spectral and microscopic studies. HR-TEM indicates the average size of the AuNPs is 16 nm and the nanoformulations is 18 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the Dtx is ~ 96% which is confirmed by the elemental mapping analysis. The in vitro drug release profile of Dtx and AuNPs nanoformulations were studied by the dialysis membrane method. The anticancer activity of docetaxel encapsulated AuNPs were evaluated with prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). The drug encapsulated nanoformulations reduced the cell viability to about 40% (40 µM concentration at 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment). The optical microscopy observation reveals that the damage of prostate cancer cells after exposure to Dtx encapsulated AuNPs. The good cytotoxic activity of the present nanoformulation against prostate cancer cell lines enables its application for targeted drug delivery to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thambiraj
- Nano-Bio Materials and Sensors Laboratory, National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - R Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - D Ravi Shankaran
- Nano-Bio Materials and Sensors Laboratory, National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India.
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Subramanian S, Majumdar SKD, Biswas G, Joshi N, Bunger D, Khan MA, Ahmad I. Efficacy and safety of nanosomal docetaxel lipid suspension based chemotherapy in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:14. [PMID: 32754328 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current retrospective multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nanosomal docetaxel lipid suspension (NDLS; DoceAqualip) based chemotherapy in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. The medical charts of patients with gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma, who were treated with NDLS (50-75 mg/m2; 3 weekly cycles) based chemotherapy and followed-up from April 2014 to September 2018, were analyzed. The study endpoints included overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in neoadjuvant and metastatic settings. Overall survival (OS) and safety were also evaluated. Of the 43 patients with gastric (n=39) and GEJ (n=4) adenocarcinoma, efficacy evaluation was available in 35 (neoadjuvant, 17/18 patients; metastatic, 18/25 patients). In the neoadjuvant setting, an ORR of 58.82% and a DCR of 94.11% were observed, whereas in the metastatic setting, the ORR was 77.77% and the DCR was 83.33%. In the neoadjuvant setting, at a follow-up ranging from 0.7 to 41.2 months, the median OS was not reached. In the metastatic setting, the median OS was 31.9 months at a follow-up ranging from 0.2 to 50.3 months. At least one adverse event (AE) was reported in 24 patients. Anemia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were the most common hematological AEs, while nausea, vomiting and weakness were the most common non-hematological AEs. NDLS based treatment was well-tolerated without any new safety concerns. Overall, NDLS-based chemotherapy was effective and well-tolerated in the management of gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Subramanian
- Department of Medical Oncology, VS Hospital, Madras Cancer Institute, Advanced Cancer Care, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600031, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das Majumdar
- Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Ghanashyam Biswas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sparsh Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751007, India
| | - Nisarg Joshi
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Development, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| | - Deepak Bunger
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Development, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| | - Mujtaba Ali Khan
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Development, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Jina Pharmaceuticals Inc., Libertyville, IL 60048, USA
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In Search of Panacea-Review of Recent Studies Concerning Nature-Derived Anticancer Agents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061426. [PMID: 31242602 PMCID: PMC6627480 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are one of the leading causes of deaths affecting millions of people around the world, therefore they are currently a major public health problem. The treatment of cancer is based on surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, much of which is often insufficient and cause serious, burdensome and undesirable side effects. For many years, assorted secondary metabolites derived from plants have been used as antitumor agents. Recently, researchers have discovered a large number of new natural substances which can effectively interfere with cancer cells’ metabolism. The most famous groups of these compounds are topoisomerase and mitotic inhibitors. The aim of the latest research is to characterize natural compounds found in many common foods, especially by means of their abilities to regulate cell cycle, growth and differentiation, as well as epigenetic modulation. In this paper, we focus on a review of recent discoveries regarding nature-derived anticancer agents.
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Vidaurre-Agut C, Rivero-Buceta E, Romaní-Cubells E, Clemments AM, Vera-Donoso CD, Landry CC, Botella P. Protein Corona over Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Influence of the Pore Diameter on Competitive Adsorption and Application to Prostate Cancer Diagnostics. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8852-8861. [PMID: 31459973 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic tests based on proteomics analysis can have significant advantages over more traditional biochemical tests. However, low molecular weight (MW) protein biomarkers are difficult to identify by standard mass spectrometric analysis, as they are usually present at low concentrations and are masked by more abundant resident proteins. We have previously shown that mesoporous silica nanoparticles are able to capture a predominantly low MW protein fraction from the serum, as compared to the protein corona (PC) adsorbed onto dense silica nanoparticles. In this study, we begin by further investigating this effect using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to compare the MW of the proteins in the coronas of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with the same particle size but different pore diameters. Next, we examine the process by which two proteins, one small and one large, adsorb onto these mesoporous silica nanoparticles to establish a theory of why the corona becomes enriched in low MW proteins. Finally, we use this information to develop a novel system for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. An elastic net statistical model was applied to LC-MS/MS protein coronas from the serum of 22 cancer patients, identifying proteins specific to each patient group. These studies help to explain why low MW proteins predominate in the coronas of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and they illustrate the ability of this information to supplement more traditional diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vidaurre-Agut
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Rivero-Buceta
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Romaní-Cubells
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alden M Clemments
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - César David Vera-Donoso
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Christopher C Landry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Pablo Botella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Qu N, Sun Y, Li Y, Hao F, Qiu P, Teng L, Xie J, Gao Y. Docetaxel-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:11. [PMID: 30704488 PMCID: PMC6357434 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Docetaxel (DTX) is an anticancer drug that is currently formulated with polysorbate 80 and ethanol (50:50, v/v) in clinical use. Unfortunately, this formulation causes hypersensitivity reactions, leading to severe side-effects, which have been primarily attributed to polysorbate 80. Methods In this study, a DTX-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticle (DTX-NP) was designed to overcome the hypersensitivity reactions that are induced by polysorbate 80. The methods of preparing the DTX-NPs have been optimized based on factors including the drug-to-HSA weight ratio, the duration of HSA incubation, and the choice of using a stabilizer. Synthesized DTX-NPs were characterized with regard to their particle diameters, drug loading capacities, and drug release kinetics. The morphology of the DTX-NPs was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the successful preparation of DTX-NPs was confirmed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of DTX-NPs were investigated in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of DTX-NPs was evaluated via investigations with BALB/c mice. Results The study showed that the loading capacity and the encapsulation efficiency of DTX-NPs prepared under the optimal conditions was 11.2 wt% and 63.1 wt%, respectively and the mean diameter was less than 200 nm, resulting in higher permeability and controlled release. Similar cytotoxicity against A549 cells was exhibited by the DTX-NPs in comparison to DTX alone while higher maximum tolerated dose (MTD) with the DTX-NPs (75 mg/kg) than with DTX (30 mg/kg) was demonstrated in mice, suggesting that the DTX-NPs prepared with HSA yielded similar anti-tumor activity but were accompanied by less systemic toxicity than solvent formulated DTX. Conclusions DTX-NPs warrant further investigation and are promising candidates for clinical applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No.2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yating Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No.2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yujing Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No.2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No.2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Pengyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No.2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No.2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeted Drug Delivery System, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No.2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No.2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Wu YY, Jiang JN, Fang XD, Ji FJ. STEAP1 Regulates Tumorigenesis and Chemoresistance During Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1132. [PMID: 30246786 PMCID: PMC6110897 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, majority of the mortality in gastric cancer are associated with peritoneal metastasis. Since most gastric tumors are metastatic at initial diagnosis, the treatment of gastric cancer is limited to radical resection. Therefore, it is imperative to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. From 2014 to 2015, 20 patients were enrolled in the study. To search translationally upregulated genes in the context of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), polysome profiling was performed. The MTT, migration, and invasion assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability respectively. Experiments of gain and loss of function were performed using the overexpression plasmid, siRNA, and shRNA. Xenograft assay was established using nude mice to explore the role of targets translationally upregulated gene in vivo. Polysome profiling defined the landscape of translationally regulated gene products with differential expression between non-metastatic and metastatic cohorts. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) was found to be the most translationally upregulated gene product in either experimental groups. STEAP1 was found to be required for cell proliferation, in vitro migration and invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis. RNAi-mediated silencing of STEAP1 potentiated chemosensitivity of the MKN45 cells to docetaxel treatment, highlighting the importance of STEAP1 as a novel biomarker in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. STEAP1 is thus induced translationally and its expression promotes proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity of gastric cancer. STEAP1 can be a potent candidate for designing of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xue-Dong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fu-Jian Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein 1 is associated with poor prognosis of late-stage gastric Cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:508. [PMID: 29720137 PMCID: PMC5930761 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is the eighth most common cancer in Taiwan, with a 40% 5-year survival rate. Approximately 40% of patients are refractory to chemotherapy. Currently, the anti-HER2 therapy is the only clinically employed targeted therapy. However, only 7% patients in Taiwan are HER2-positive. Identifying candidate target genes will facilitate the development of adjuvant targeted therapy to increase the efficacy of gastric cancer treatment. Methods Clinical specimens were analyzed by targeted RNA sequencing to assess the expression levels of target genes. Statistical significance of differential expression and correlation between specimens was evaluated. The correlation with patient survival was analyzed as well. In vitro cell mobility was determined using wound-healing and transwell mobility assays. Results Expression of BMP1, COL1A1, STAT3, SOX2, FOXA2, and GATA6 was progressively dysregulated through the stages of gastric oncogenesis. The expression profile of these six genes forms an ubiquitously biomarker signature that is sufficient to differentiate cancer from non-cancerous specimens. High expression status of BMP1 correlates with poor long-term survival of late-stage patients. In vitro, suppression of BMP1 inhibits the mobility of the gastric cancer cell lines, indicating a role of BMP1 in metastasis. Conclusions BMP1 is upregulated in gastric cancer and is correlated with poor patient survival. Suppression of BMP1 reduced gastric cancer mobility in vitro. Our finding suggests that anti-BMP1 therapy will likely augment the efficacy of standard chemotherapy and improve the treatment outcome.
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Codelivery of salinomycin and docetaxel using poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles to target both gastric cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:989-1001. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sun J, Ren Z, Sun X, Hou H, Li K, Ge Q. Efficacy and safety comparison of chemotherapies for advanced gastric cancer: A network meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:39673-39682. [PMID: 28562333 PMCID: PMC5503642 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemotherapy is one of the commonly used therapies for advanced gastric cancer. In this study, we performed a network meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of common treatments to give evidences of their relative benefits. RESULTS 32 trials with 8550 patients and 20 regimens were included in this study. According to the results of primary outcomes, 5-FU plus OXA, 5-FU plus DOC, CAP plus CIS, CAP plus OXA, S-1 plus OXA and S-1 plus PAC performed well in improving OS and ORR. As for the adverse events, S-1 had a safer effect than other treatments, conversely, 5-FU plus CIS ranked the last. However, there was no regimen with outstanding performances in both efficacy and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were searched from database and screened with criteria. The Bayesian framework based network meta-analysis was performed with software R and STATA. Overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR) were considered as primary outcomes while adverse events as secondary outcomes. The outcomes were represented by hazard ratios or odd ratios with 95% corresponding credible intervals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The network meta-analysis suggested that 5-FU plus OXA and 5-FU plus DOC were recommended when efficacy was stressed. S-1 was safest but poorly effective. A regimen, as an excellent combination of efficacy and safety, is still waiting to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Sun
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Ren
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xinfang Sun
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Hongtao Hou
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Quanxing Ge
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
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Hajimoradi M, Mohammad Hassan Z, Ebrahimi M, Soleimani M, Bakhshi M, Firouzi J, Samani FS. STAT3 is Overactivated in Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 17:617-28. [PMID: 26862521 PMCID: PMC4746412 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Gastric cancer (GC) is widely associated with chronic inflammation. The
pro inflammatory microenvironment provides conditions that disrupt stem/progenitor
cell proliferation and differentiation. The signal transducer and activator of transcrip-
tion-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is involved in inflammation and also contributes to
the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESCs) pluripotency. Here, we have investi-
gated the activation status of STAT3 in GC stem-like cells (GCSLCs).
Materials and Methods In this experimental research, CSLCs derived from the human
GC cell line MKN-45 and patient specimens, through spheroid body formation, character-
ized and then assayed for the STAT3 transcription factor expression in mRNA and protein
level further to its activation.
Results Spheroid cells showed higher potential for spheroid formation than the pa-
rental cells. Furthemore, stemness genes NANOG, c-MYC and SOX-2 were over
expressed in spheroids of MKN-45 and in patient samples. In MKN-45 spheroid cells,
epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers CDH2, SNAIL2, TWIST and
VIMENTIN were upregulated (P<0.05), but we observed no change in expression of
the E-cadherin epithelial marker. These cells exhibited more resistance to docetaxel
(DTX) when compared with parental cells (P<0.05) according to the MTS assay. Al-
though immunostaining and Western blotting showed expression of the STAT3 pro-
tein in both spheroids and parents, the mRNA level of STAT3 in spheroids was higher
than the parents. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 was accompanied by more intensive
phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) in spheroid structures relative to the parent cells accord-
ing to flow cytometry analysis (P<0.05).
Conclusion The present findings point to STAT3 over activation in GCSLCs. Com-
plementary experiments are required to extend the role of STAT3 in stemness fea-
tures and invasion properties of GCSCs and to consider the STAT3 pathway for CSC
targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Hajimoradi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair Mohammad Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Bakhshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Javad Firouzi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Sahraneshin Samani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Vincenzi B, Imperatori M, Silletta M, Marrucci E, Santini D, Tonini G. Emerging kinase inhibitors of the treatment of gastric cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:479-93. [PMID: 26021342 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1051467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. In the last years, for the first time in literature, the addition of a targeted therapy to standard chemotherapy has proved to prolong median overall survival. In this scenario, kinase inhibitors (KIs), smaller intracellular agents, could be an interesting and novel type of targeted treatment of metastatic GC both in first and further lines of therapy. AREAS COVERED Several KI have been evaluated in the preclinical setting. This review will underline the most relevant targeted pathways involved in GC tumorigenesis and disease progression including EGFR, VEGFR, c-MET, mTOR, fibroblast growth factor receptor, Src and Aurora kinases. EXPERT OPINION Despite the good results of TOGA, RAINBOW and REGARD trials about the addition of monoclonal antibodies to standard of care in GC, the addition of KI seems not to achieve comparable interesting results in management of GC. However, an improved patient selection before and during treatment according to molecular characteristics, as well as combination studies evaluating the synergistic effect of combination schedules of different KIs and standard chemotherapy, or KI plus KI or KI plus antibodies-based therapy may reveal interesting results and lead to understand mechanisms of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzi
- a University Campus Biomedico - Medical Oncology , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome 00128, Italy
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Zhu H, Wu Y, Zheng W, Lu S. CO-029 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and mediates the effects of EGF on gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:798-802. [PMID: 25592989 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are cell-surface glycoproteins and have received attention recently as both suppressors and promoters of metastasis. CO-029 is a member of the tetraspanin family and is implicated to be a metastasis-promoting tetraspanin in some cancers. However, the role of CO-029 in gastric cancer remains unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of CO-029 in gastric cancer tissues and to determine whether CO-029 is involved in the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion. We collected clinical samples and found that the expression of CO-029 was increased both at the mRNA level and protein level in gastric cancer tissues in comparison to normal and tumor-adjacent tissues, as demonstrated by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Furthermore, we performed an in vitro experiment using AGS cells and observed that EGF promoted AGS cell proliferation and enhanced the invasion ability of the AGS cells, as shown by MTT assay and cell invasion assay, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, our results reveal for the first time, that CO-029 expression was affected by EGF in a concentration- time-dependent manner. The knockdown of CO-029 attenuated the effects of EGF on gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion. These findings suggest that CO-029 is an oncogene in human gastric cancer and that CO-029 at least partially mediates the effects of EGF on gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Our data may provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yulian Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shiliu Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Ojima I, Kamath A, Seitz JD. Taxol, Taxoids, and Related Taxanes. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527676545.ch04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wu H, Xin Y, Xiao Y, Zhao J. Low-dose docetaxel combined with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in nude mice with gastric cancer xenografts. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:204-9. [PMID: 22283637 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy represents a new strategy to treat solid tumors by stronger antiangiogenic activity and less side-effects, especially in combination with other antiangiogenic agents. The aim of the study is to investigate the antiangiogenic effect of docetaxel alone and combined with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in preclinical settings of gastric cancer. BGC-823 human gastric cancer xenograft model was used, and tumor growth, side-effects of mice were closely monitored. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and CD31 were observed by immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density of the tumor tissues was assessed by CD31 immunohistochemical analysis. Our results indicated that LDM docetaxel inhibited angiogenesis and growth of gastric cancer with less toxicity, and the effects were further enhanced by the concurrent administration of EGCG. Our study, for the first time, rationally demonstrated that LDM docetaxel treatment used alone or combined with EGCG is effective and safe in preclinical settings of gastric cancer. Our data suggest that LDM docetaxel used alone or combined with EGCG may be an innovative and promising therapeutic strategy in the experimental treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Wu
- Fourth Laboratory of Cancer Institute, Department of Tumor Pathology of General Surgery Institute, Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Wu H, Xin Y, Zhao J, Sun D, Li W, Hu Y, Wang S. Metronomic docetaxel chemotherapy inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in a gastric cancer model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 68:879-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nishiyama M, Wada S. Docetaxel: its role in current and future treatments for advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2010; 12:132-41. [PMID: 19890692 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-009-0521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A globally accepted standard chemotherapy remains undetermined in gastric cancer, but the recent introduction of active "new-generation agents" such as taxanes, irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin, S-1, and capecitabine, offers hope for markedly improving patient outcomes. Docetaxel, as well as the other new-generation agents, plays a key role in the development of the new-era chemotherapy, and the incorporation of taxanes has provided several regimens, such as docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (DCF), that could become standard treatment. The DCF regimen is now regarded as a standard treatment option in advanced gastric cancer in selected patients in good condition. Many institutions and cooperative groups continue to study a variety of docetaxel-based combinations with "new-generation cytotoxic agents" in various treatment settings, and recent attention has been focused on the incorporation of biological agents, such as cetuximab, bevacizumab, everolimus, and sunitinib, into docetaxel-containing combinations as another innovative approach. The ongoing clinical trials of a number of new regimens will clarify their clinical benefits in gastric cancer treatment. Along with the development of more active docetaxel combination regimens, the identification of predictive biomarkers for each regimen has been intensively studied recently. This review focuses on docetaxel as a key agent in gastric cancer chemotherapy, and discusses the role of this taxane in current and future treatments for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Nishiyama
- Translational Research Center, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
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Yildiz R, Kalender ME, Dane F, Sevinc A, Gumus M, Camci C, Alici S, Kaya AO, Yaman E, Ozturk B, Coskun U, Benekli M, Uncu D, Buyukberber S. Docetaxel combined with oral etoposide as second-line treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma after failure of platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based regimens. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2009; 16:173-8. [PMID: 19833685 DOI: 10.1177/1078155209347402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum, antracyline, and fluoropyrimidine combination chemotherapy has been widely used as a first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). In the present study, we determined the efficacy and the safety of docetaxel and oral etoposide as second-line combination chemotherapy after failure of commonly used combination regimens in AGC. METHODS Patients with histologically proven gastric cancer and measurable metastatic disease received docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) as a 1-h intravenous infusion on day 1, and oral etoposide 50 mg/m(2) once daily on days 1-5, every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. RESULTS Between June 2006 and September 2008, 32 patients, of median age 60 years (range 32-77 years) were included in the study. Overall response rate was 9.4% and 31.3% of patients achieved a stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 3 months (95% CI, 2.5-3.5). Median overall survival was 6 months (95% CI, 3.8-8.2) with 16.9% 1-year survival rate. Grade 3-4 toxicities included neutropenia (28.8%), febrile neutropenia (18.8%), thrombocytopenia (3.1%), nausea and vomiting (15.6%), diarrhea (9.4%), and mucositis (6.2%). CONCLUSION Docetaxel and oral etoposide combination was moderately effective and safe in appropriately selected AGC patients after failure of platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Yildiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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