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Saita E, Kishimoto Y, Aoyama M, Ohmori R, Kondo K, Momiyama Y. Low Plasma Levels of Soluble Endoglin and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2975. [PMID: 38001975 PMCID: PMC10669441 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is recognized as playing a protective role against atherosclerosis. Endoglin is a receptor for TGF-β, and its expression is upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques. Endoglin is secreted from the cell membrane into the circulation as a soluble form (sEng). We previously reported that plasma sEng levels were low in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the prognostic value of sEng levels has not been clarified. We investigated the association between plasma sEng levels and cardiovascular events in 403 patients who had an elective coronary angiography and were then followed up. Cardiovascular events were defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke, or coronary revascularization. Of the 403 patients, 209 (52%) had CAD. Plasma sEng levels were lower in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (median 4.26 vs. 4.41 ng/mL, p < 0.025). During a mean follow-up period of 7.5 ± 4.5 years, cardiovascular events occurred in 79 patients. Compared with 324 patients without events, 79 with events had lower sEng levels (3.95 vs. 4.39 ng/mL) and more often had an sEng level < 3.9 ng/mL (47% vs. 28%) (p < 0.02). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed lower event-free survival in patients with sEng < 3.9 ng/mL than in those with ≥3.9 ng/mL (p < 0.02). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, the sEng level (<3.9 ng/mL) was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 1.59; 95%CI: 1.01-2.49). Furthermore, only among the 209 patients with CAD, the sEng level was also a predictor of further cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.24-3.45). Thus, low plasma sEng levels were found to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD and patients undergoing coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Saita
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kishimoto
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Na-gaotouge-cho, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masayuki Aoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Reiko Ohmori
- Faculty of Regional Design, Utsunomiya University, 350 Minecho, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kondo
- Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Momiyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
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2
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Rossi E, Bernabeu C. Novel vascular roles of human endoglin in pathophysiology. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2327-2338. [PMID: 37315795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoglin, alias CD105, is a human membrane glycoprotein highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. It is involved in angiogenesis and angiogenesis-related diseases, including the rare vascular pathology known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. Although endoglin acts as an accessory receptor for members of the transforming growth factor-β family, in recent years, emerging evidence has shown a novel functional role for this protein beyond the transforming growth factor-β system. In fact, endoglin has been found to be an integrin counterreceptor involved in endothelial cell adhesion processes during pathological inflammatory conditions and primary hemostasis. Furthermore, a circulating form of endoglin, also named as soluble endoglin, whose levels are abnormally increased in different pathological conditions, such as preeclampsia, seems to act as an antagonist of membrane-bound endoglin and as a competitor of the fibrinogen-integrin interaction in platelet-dependent thrombus formation. These studies suggest that membrane-bound endoglin and circulating endoglin are important components involved in vascular homeostasis and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France.
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Pérez Rodríguez MDP, Alarcón-Torrecillas C, Pericacho M, Rodríguez-Escolar I, Carretón E, Morchón R. Effect of somatic antigens of Dirofilaria repens adult worms on angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration and pseudo-capillary formation in human endothelial cells. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:105. [PMID: 36927633 PMCID: PMC10022164 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new vessels by sprouting of endothelial cells from pre-existing vessels in response to stimuli, such as hypoxia or inflammation. Subcutaneous dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria repens, is a zoonotic disease characterized by the formation of subcutaneous nodules with the presence of at least one encapsulated worm, showing perivascular vascularization around it. The aim of this study is to analyze whether the somatic antigen of adult D. repens worms interacts with and modulates the angiogenic mechanism, cell proliferation and migration, and formation of pseudo-capillaries. METHODS The expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1/sFlt, VEGFR-2, mEnd and sEnd in cultures of human vascular endothelial cells stimulated with somatic antigen of adult worms of D. repens (DrSA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and DrSA + VEGF were evaluated by using ELISA commercial kits. Cellular viability was analyzed by live cell count, cytotoxicity assays by using a commercial kit, cell proliferation by MTT-based assay, cell migration by wound-healing assay carried out by scratching wounds and capacity of formation of pseudo-capillaries analyzing cell connections and cell groups in Matrigel cell cultures. In all cases unstimulated cultures were used as controls. RESULTS DrSA + VEGF significantly increased the expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and mEndoglin compared to other groups and unstimulated cultures. Moreover, DrSA + VEGF produced cell proliferation and migration and increased the formation of pseudo-capillaries. CONCLUSIONS Somatic antigen of adult D. repens worms activated the proangiogenic mechanism, cell proliferation and cell migration as well as formation of pseudo-capillaries in this in vitro human endothelial cell model. These processes could be related to the survival of adult D. repens in subcutaneous nodules in infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Pérez Rodríguez
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Group, IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Research Centre for Tropical Diseases), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Claudia Alarcón-Torrecillas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iván Rodríguez-Escolar
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Group, IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Research Centre for Tropical Diseases), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Carretón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35413, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Group, IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Research Centre for Tropical Diseases), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35413, Las Palmas, Spain.
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4
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Blann AD, Brown JE, Heitmar R. Angiogenesis, Metabolism, Endothelial and Platelet Markers in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10313. [PMID: 35996503 PMCID: PMC9302542 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2022.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the pathophysiology of both being linked to metabolic, endothelial, renal, angiogenic and platelet abnormalities. We hypothesised that abnormalities in these systems are more adverse in those whose CVD is compounded by diabetes, compared to those with diabetes or CVD alone. Materials and methods: Serum or plasma from 66 patients with diabetes alone, 76 with CVD alone, and 70 with both diabetes and CVD i.e. diabetic cardiovascular disease, was probed for markers of angiogenesis [angiopoietin 1 and 2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin], metabolic [soluble receptor for advanced glycation products (sRAGE), leptin, lipocalin-2, interleukin-8, and cystatin-C], the endothelium (von Willebrand factor, endothelial microparticles and soluble E selectin)], and the platelet (platelet microparticles and soluble P selectin) by ELISA, Luminex or flow cytometry. Results: VEGF (p = 0.04), von Willebrand factor (p = 0.001) and endothelial microparticles (p = 0.042) were all higher in diabetic cardiovascular disease than in diabetes alone and cardiovascular disease alone. Soluble E selectin was higher in diabetic cardiovascular disease than in diabetes alone (p = 0.045), whilst cystatin-C (p = 0.004) and soluble P selectin (p < 0.001) were higher in diabetes and diabetic cardiovascular disease than in cardiovascular disease alone. There were no differences in angiopoietin 1 or 2, endoglin, sRAGE, leptin, lipocalin-2, or interleukin-8. Conclusion: Angiopoietin 1 or 2, endoglin, sRAGE, leptin, lipocalin-2, interleukin-8, and cystatin-c cannot differentiate diabetes from cardiovascular disease, or both conditions combined. Our data point to a more adverse endothelial (von Willebrand factor, endothelial microparticles), and angiogenic profile (VEGF) in those with diabetic cardiovascular disease, supporting the view that this group should be targeted more aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Blann
- School of Applied Sciences, Huddersfield University, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: A. D. Blann,
| | - J. E. Brown
- Department of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R. Heitmar
- School of Applied Sciences, Huddersfield University, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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5
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Ruiz-Llorente L, Vega MC, Fernández FJ, Langa C, Morrell NW, Upton PD, Bernabeu C. Generation of a Soluble Form of Human Endoglin Fused to Green Fluorescent Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011282. [PMID: 34681942 PMCID: PMC8539536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (Eng, CD105) is a type I membrane glycoprotein that functions in endothelial cells as an auxiliary receptor for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family members and as an integrin ligand, modulating the vascular pathophysiology. Besides the membrane-bound endoglin, there is a soluble form of endoglin (sEng) that can be generated by the action of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 or -12 on the juxtamembrane region of its ectodomain. High levels of sEng have been reported in patients with preeclampsia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and cancer. In addition, sEng is a marker of cardiovascular damage in patients with hypertension and diabetes, plays a pathogenic role in preeclampsia, and inhibits angiogenesis and tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion in cancer. However, the mechanisms of action of sEng have not yet been elucidated, and new tools and experimental approaches are necessary to advance in this field. To this end, we aimed to obtain a fluorescent form of sEng as a new tool for biological imaging. Thus, we cloned the extracellular domain of endoglin in the pEGFP-N1 plasmid to generate a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein (GFP), giving rise to pEGFP-N1/Eng.EC. The recombinant fusion protein was characterized by transient and stable transfections in CHO-K1 cells using fluorescence microscopy, SDS-PAGE, immunodetection, and ELISA techniques. Upon transfection with pEGFP-N1/Eng.EC, fluorescence was readily detected in cells, indicating that the GFP contained in the recombinant protein was properly folded into the cytosol. Furthermore, as evidenced by Western blot analysis, the secreted fusion protein yielded the expected molecular mass and displayed a specific fluorescent signal. The fusion protein was also able to bind to BMP9 and BMP10 in vitro. Therefore, the construct described here could be used as a tool for functional in vitro studies of the extracellular domain of endoglin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ruiz-Llorente
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of System Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Cristina Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Francisco J. Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Carmen Langa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (N.W.M.); (P.D.U.)
| | - Paul D. Upton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (N.W.M.); (P.D.U.)
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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6
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Lugo-Gavidia LM, Burger D, Matthews VB, Nolde JM, Galindo Kiuchi M, Carnagarin R, Kannenkeril D, Chan J, Joyson A, Herat LY, Azzam O, Schlaich MP. Role of Microparticles in Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Endothelial Dysfunction, Thrombosis, and Inflammation. HYPERTENSION (DALLAS, TEX. : 1979) 2021; 77:1825-1844. [PMID: 33979187 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa (D.B.)
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Márcio Galindo Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Dennis Kannenkeril
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany (D.K.)
| | - Justine Chan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Anu Joyson
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Lakshini Y Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Department of Internal Medicine (O.A.), Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology (M.P.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia.,Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.P.S.)
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7
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Deshpande JS, Sundrani DP, Sahay AS, Gupte SA, Joshi SR. Unravelling the potential of angiogenic factors for the early prediction of preeclampsia. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:756-769. [PMID: 33795844 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystem, multiorgan hypertensive disorder of pregnancy responsible for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The classic diagnostic features hold less specificity for preeclampsia and its associated adverse outcomes, suggesting a need for specific and reliable biomarkers for the early prediction of preeclampsia. The imbalance of pro- and antiangiogenic circulatory factors contributes to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Several studies have examined the profile of angiogenic factors in preeclampsia to search for a biomarker that will improve the diagnostic ability of preeclampsia and associated adverse outcomes. This may help in more efficient patient management and the reduction of associated health care costs. This article reviews the findings from previous studies published to date on angiogenic factors and suggests a need to apply a multivariable model from the beginning of pregnancy and continuing throughout gestation for the early and specific prediction of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juilee S Deshpande
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Deepali P Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Akriti S Sahay
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | | | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India.
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8
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Jeng KS, Sheen IS, Lin SS, Leu CM, Chang CF. The Role of Endoglin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063208. [PMID: 33809908 PMCID: PMC8004096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (CD105) is a type-1 integral transmembrane glycoprotein and coreceptor for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands. The endoglin/TGF-β signaling pathway regulates hemostasis, cell proliferation/migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis contributes to early progression, invasion, postoperative recurrence, and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most widespread malignancies globally. Endoglin is overexpressed in newly formed HCC microvessels. It increases microvessel density in cirrhotic and regenerative HCC nodules. In addition, circulating endoglin is present in HCC patients, suggesting potential for use as a diagnostic or prognostic factor. HCC angiogenesis is dynamic and endoglin expression varies by stage. TRC105 (carotuximab) is an antibody against endoglin, and three of its clinical trials were related to liver diseases. A partial response was achieved when combining TRC105 with sorafenib. Although antiangiogenic therapy still carries some risks, combination therapy with endoglin inhibitors or other targeted therapies holds promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - I-Shyan Sheen
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan city 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Sheng Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Chuen-Miin Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei city 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Chiung-Fang Chang
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7728-4564
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9
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Endoglin in the Spotlight to Treat Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063186. [PMID: 33804796 PMCID: PMC8003971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A spotlight has been shone on endoglin in recent years due to that fact of its potential to serve as both a reliable disease biomarker and a therapeutic target. Indeed, endoglin has now been assigned many roles in both physiological and pathological processes. From a molecular point of view, endoglin mainly acts as a co-receptor in the canonical TGFβ pathway, but also it may be shed and released from the membrane, giving rise to the soluble form, which also plays important roles in cell signaling. In cancer, in particular, endoglin may contribute to either an oncogenic or a non-oncogenic phenotype depending on the cell context. The fact that endoglin is expressed by neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment suggests new possibilities for targeted therapies. Here, we aimed to review and discuss the many roles played by endoglin in different tumor types, as well as the strong evidence provided by pre-clinical and clinical studies that supports the therapeutic targeting of endoglin as a novel clinical strategy.
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10
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Vicen M, Igreja Sá IC, Tripská K, Vitverová B, Najmanová I, Eissazadeh S, Micuda S, Nachtigal P. Membrane and soluble endoglin role in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders related to metabolic syndrome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2405-2418. [PMID: 33185696 PMCID: PMC11072708 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane endoglin (Eng, CD105) is a transmembrane glycoprotein essential for the proper function of vascular endothelium. It might be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases to form soluble endoglin (sEng), which is released into the circulation. Metabolic syndrome comprises conditions/symptoms that usually coincide (endothelial dysfunction, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity-related insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia), and are considered risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, type II diabetes mellitus, and liver disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge about the role of Eng and sEng in the disorders mentioned above, in vivo and in vitro extent, where we can find a wide range of contradictory results. We propose that reduced Eng expression is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction development in chronic pathologies related to metabolic syndrome. Eng expression is also essential for leukocyte transmigration and acute inflammation, suggesting that Eng is crucial for the regulation of endothelial function during the acute phase of vascular defense reaction to harmful conditions. sEng was shown to be a circulating biomarker of preeclampsia, and we propose that it might be a biomarker of metabolic syndrome-related symptoms and pathologies, including hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus as well, despite the fact that some contradictory findings have been reported. Besides, sEng can participate in the development of endothelial dysfunction and promote the development of arterial hypertension, suggesting that high levels of sEng promote metabolic syndrome symptoms and complications. Therefore, we suggest that the treatment of metabolic syndrome should take into account the importance of Eng in the endothelial function and levels of sEng as a biomarker and risk factor of related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vicen
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Ivone Cristina Igreja Sá
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Tripská
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitverová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Najmanová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Samira Eissazadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic.
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11
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Calvo-Sánchez MI, Fernández-Martos S, Carrasco E, Moreno-Bueno G, Bernabéu C, Quintanilla M, Espada J. A role for the Tgf-β/Bmp co-receptor Endoglin in the molecular oscillator that regulates the hair follicle cycle. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:39-52. [PMID: 30239775 PMCID: PMC6359924 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle is a biological oscillator that alternates growth, regression, and rest phases driven by the sequential activation of the proliferation/differentiation programs of resident stem cell populations. The activation of hair follicle stem cell niches and subsequent entry into the growing phase is mainly regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signalling, while regression and resting phases are mainly regulated by Tgf-β/Bmp/Smad activity. A major question still unresolved is the nature of the molecular switch that dictates the coordinated transition between both signalling pathways. Here we have focused on the role of Endoglin (Eng), a key co-receptor for members of the Tgf-β/Bmp family of growth factors. Using an Eng haploinsufficient mouse model, we report that Eng is required to maintain a correct follicle cycling pattern and for an adequate stimulation of hair follicle stem cell niches. We further report that β-catenin binds to the Eng promoter depending on Bmp signalling. Moreover, we show that β-catenin interacts with Smad4 in a Bmp/Eng-dependent context and both proteins act synergistically to activate Eng promoter transcription. These observations point to the existence of a growth/rest switching mechanism in the hair follicle that is based on an Eng-dependent feedback cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and Bmp/Smad signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Calvo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Carrasco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Carmelo Bernabéu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Espada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O´Higgins, Santiago, Chile
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12
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The Role of NFκB in Healthy and Preeclamptic Placenta: Trophoblasts in the Spotlight. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051775. [PMID: 32150832 PMCID: PMC7084575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The NFκB protein family regulates numerous pathways within the cell-including inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis and oxidative stress-all of which are implicated in placental development. The placenta is a critical organ that develops during pregnancy that primarily functions to supply and transport the nutrients required for fetal growth and development. Abnormal placental development can be observed in numerous disorders during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction, miscarriage, and preeclampsia (PE). NFκB is highly expressed in the placentas of women with PE, however its contributions to the syndrome are not fully understood. In this review we discuss the molecular actions and related pathways of NFκB in the placenta and highlight areas of research that need attention.
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13
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Rat Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (OM-MSCs): A Characterization Study. Int J Cell Biol 2020; 2020:2938258. [PMID: 32411249 PMCID: PMC7212324 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2938258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem/stromal cell-based therapies are a branch of regenerative medicine and stand as an attractive option to promote the repair of damaged or dysfunctional tissues and organs. Olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have been regarded as a promising tool in regenerative therapies because of their several favorable properties such as multipotency, high proliferation rate, helpful location, and few associated ethical issues. These cells are easily accessible in the nasal cavity of most mammals, including the rat, can be easily applied in autologous treatments, and do not cope with most of the obstacles associated with the use of other stem cells. Despite this, its application in preclinical trials and in both human and animal patients is still limited because of the small number of studies performed so far and to the nonexistence of a standard and unambiguous protocol for collection, isolation, and therapeutic application. In the present work a validation of a protocol for isolation, culture, expansion, freezing, and thawing of olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells was performed, applied to the rat model, as well as a biological characterization of these cells. To investigate the therapeutic potential of OM-MSCs and their eventual safe application in preclinical trials, the main characteristics of OMSC stemness were addressed.
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14
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Placencio-Hickok VR, Madhav A, Kim S, Duong F, Angara B, Liu Z, Bhowmick NA. Soluble CD105 is prognostic of disease recurrence in prostate cancer patients. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:1-9. [PMID: 31648185 PMCID: PMC7002242 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While the overall 5-year survival rate for prostate cancer is near 100%, up to 35% of patients will develop recurrent disease. At the time of prostatectomy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to guide primary therapy with the goal of curative intervention. It can be valuable to know when primary therapy may not in fact be curative, so that subsequent adjuvant therapy can be administered at an early stage to limit progression. We examined prostate cancer patients with PSA ≤10 ng/mL that were all subjected to prostatectomy with at least 5 years of follow-up (n = 181). Based on data that endoglin (CD105) signaling in the tumor can contribute to prostate cancer progression, we examined the expression of soluble CD105 (sCD105) in the patient plasma. To determine the relation of plasma sCD105 measures to cellular CD105 in tissues, we tested an independent set of prostate cancer tissues and paired plasma (n = 31). Elevated sCD105 was found to be associated with recurrence-free survival of prostate cancer patients. Further, sCD105 levels in patient plasma were inversely correlated with cellular CD105 expression. This translational study supported preclinical data demonstrating the pro-tumorigenic capacity of cellular CD105 and provide a blood-based biomarker, sCD105, for prostate cancer recurrence in prostatectomy patients with PSA levels ≤10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anisha Madhav
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Duong
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Angara
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Buda V, Andor M, Baibata DE, Cozlac R, Radu G, Coricovac D, Danciu C, Ledeti I, Cheveresan A, Nica C, Tuduce P, Tomescu MC. Decreased sEng plasma levels in hypertensive patients with endothelial dysfunction under chronic treatment with Perindopril. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1915-1925. [PMID: 31239642 PMCID: PMC6556213 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s186378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Endoglin is a transmembrane glycoprotein which plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. One of its forms, soluble endoglin (sEng), a molecule with antiangiogenic properties, has been found overexpressed in patients suffering from hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and is proposed as a marker of endothelial damage. Accordingly, we aimed to quantify the efficacy of various antihypertensive regimens on sEng levels, in hypertensive patients with endothelial dysfunction. Patients and methods: 323 patients were enrolled, and there were 99 patients with normal blood pressure values, 106 hypertensive patients under chronic treatment with different types of antihypertensive molecules (beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics) in monotherapy, and 118 hypertensive patients under chronic treatment with perindopril. sEng plasma levels were quantified and were correlated with classical methods of assessing the endothelial damage. Results: Patients under chronic treatment with perindopril had lower sEng plasma levels compared with the other group of hypertensive patients under different regimens of antihypertensive treatment (sEng: 4.73±1.39 versus 5.63±2.33, p<0.01). Conclusion: Decreased sEng plasma levels were found in patients under chronic treatment with perindopril, when compared with other antihypertensive regimens of treatment (beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and/or diuretics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Buda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Minodora Andor
- Department of Medical Semiotics, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Emilia Baibata
- Department of Cardiology VI, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ramona Cozlac
- Department of Cardiology VI, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriela Radu
- Department of Medical Semiotics, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ionut Ledeti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Cheveresan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Nica
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paul Tuduce
- Department of Balneophysiotherapy, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - Mirela Cleopatra Tomescu
- Department of Medical Semiotics, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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16
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Alahakoon TI, Medbury H, Williams H, Fewings N, Wang X, Lee V. Maternal Flt-1 and endoglin expression by circulating monocyte subtype and polarization in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2019; 3:100024. [PMID: 31403116 PMCID: PMC6687375 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2019.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Circulating levels of the anti-angiogenic factors sFlt-1 and sEndoglin are elevated in preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR), mainly secreted from placental trophoblast. This study aims to identify the contributory role of monocyte Flt-1 and endoglin expression in PE and FGR. Study design A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted and patients recruited from four clinical groups including normal pregnancy, PE, FGR and PE + FGR. Peripheral blood samples and cord blood were collected from 54 pregnant women between 24–40 weeks of gestation. Monocyte subset distribution was assessed using CD14 and CD16 expression and the surface expression of Flt-1, endoglin, CD86 and CD163 assessed by flow cytometry. We compared these factors between (1) clinical groups. (2) monocyte subset (3) monocyte polarization and (4) gestational age. Results Across all clinical groups, Flt-1 was mainly expressed by classical and intermediate monocytes, but no differences between clinical groups were observed. Surface expression of endoglin was higher on intermediate and non-classical monocytes and decreased in PE + FGR total monocytes. Flt-1 and endoglin expression correlated with increasing gestational age as well as higher CD86/CD163 ratio favouring M1 polarisation. The fetal monocyte endoglin expression was increased in FGR. Conclusion We conclude that monocyte Flt-1 and endoglin expression increase with gestational age and with M1 polarization suggesting their upregulation with inflammatory changes in monocytes. Endoglin expression by M1 monocytes may play a part in increased cardiovascular risk associated with preeclampsia. Endoglin expression on fetal monocytes is increased in FGR as a likely response to placental injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Wang
- Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Australia
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17
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Shi X, Wang W, Li J, Wang T, Lin Y, Huang S, Kuver A, Chen C, Hla T, Li X, Dai K. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 regulates cell-surface localization of membrane proteins in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1079-1087. [PMID: 30954526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption has been implicated in vascular leakage and pulmonary edema. Many reports have shown that the EC barrier dysfunction is regulated by the sphingosine-1-phophate (S1P)/S1P receptor-1 (S1PR1) axis. Identifying downstream effectors for the S1P/S1PR1 axis in pulmonary vasculature has been limited by mixed populations in vitro cultures that do not retain physiological EC phenotype and complex of tedious proteomics. In this study, we used a combination of in vivo biotinylation and liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry on three mouse models of S1pr1 expression, namely normal, knockout (KO) and high, to identify EC membrane proteins whose cell-surface expression is S1pr1-dependent. EC-specific KO of S1pr1 caused severe pulmonary vascular disruption and reduction of many membrane proteins on ECs. Using the MaxQuant software we were able to identify novel membrane targets of S1pr1, for instance, Cd105 and Plvap, by comparison with their membrane expressions among the three EC model systems. Moreover, regulation of Cd105 and Plvap by S1pr1 were validated with Western blot and immunostaining in vivo and in vitro. Our data suggest that S1pr1 dictates cell-surface localization of several apical membrane proteins in ECs. Our results are insightful for development of novel therapeutics to specifically target EC barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulai Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325007, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wanshan Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jia Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325007, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325007, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Aarti Kuver
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325007, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 20115, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325007, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Kezhi Dai
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325007, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China.
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18
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Wang K, Li H, Sun R, Liu C, Luo Y, Fu S, Ying Y. Emerging roles of transforming growth factor β signaling in wet age-related macular degeneration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1-8. [PMID: 30496406 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness among aging populations in developed countries and can be classified as dry or wet according to its progression. Wet AMD, which is characterized by angiogenesis on the choroidal membrane, is uncommonly seen but more severe. Controlling or completely inhibiting the factors that contribute to the progression of events that lead to angiogenesis may be an effective strategy for treating wet AMD. Emerging evidence has shown that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a significant role in the progression of wet AMD. In this review, we described the roles of and changes in TGF-β signaling in the development of AMD and discussed the mechanisms of the TGF-β superfamily in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and wet AMD, including the modulation of angiogenesis-related factors, inflammation, vascular fibrosis, and immune responses, as well as cross-talk with other signaling pathways. These remarkable findings indicate that TGF-β signaling is a potential target for wet AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Haoran Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruipu Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Department, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuhua Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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19
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Low EL, Baker AH, Bradshaw AC. TGFβ, smooth muscle cells and coronary artery disease: a review. Cell Signal 2019; 53:90-101. [PMID: 30227237 PMCID: PMC6293316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis are key events in the development of intimal hyperplasia, a pathophysiological response to acute or chronic sources of vascular damage that can lead to occlusive narrowing of the vessel lumen. Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of coronary artery disease, is characterised by chronic vascular inflammation and dyslipidemia, while revascularisation surgeries such as coronary stenting and bypass grafting represent acute forms of vascular injury. Gene knockouts of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), its receptors and downstream signalling proteins have demonstrated the importance of this pleiotropic cytokine during vasculogenesis and in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Dysregulated TGFβ signalling is a hallmark of many vascular diseases, and has been associated with the induction of pathological vascular cell phenotypes, fibrosis and ECM remodelling. Here we present an overview of TGFβ signalling in SMCs, highlighting the ways in which this multifaceted cytokine regulates SMC behaviour and phenotype in cardiovascular diseases driven by intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Low
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Angela C Bradshaw
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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20
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Kasprzak A, Adamek A. Role of Endoglin (CD105) in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3887. [PMID: 30563158 PMCID: PMC6321450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is perfused by both arterial and venous blood, with a resulting abnormal microenvironment selecting for more-aggressive malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer, the sixth most common cancer globally, and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. HCC is characterized by its hypervascularization. Improving the efficiency of anti-angiogenic treatment and mitigation of anti-angiogenic drug resistance are the top priorities in the development of non-surgical HCC therapies. Endoglin (CD105), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is one of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) co-receptors. Involvement of that protein in angiogenesis of solid tumours is well documented. Endoglin is a marker of activated endothelial cells (ECs), and is preferentially expressed in the angiogenic endothelium of solid tumours, including HCC. HCC is associated with changes in CD105-positive ECs within and around the tumour. The large spectrum of endoglin effects in the liver is cell-type- and HCC- stage-specific. High expression of endoglin in non-tumour tissue suggests that this microenvironment might play an especially important role in the progression of HCC. Evaluation of tissue expression, as well as serum concentrations of this glycoprotein in HCC, tends to confirm its role as an important biomarker in HCC diagnosis and prognosis. The role of endoglin in liver fibrosis and HCC progression also makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Despite these facts, the exact molecular mechanisms of endoglin functioning in hepatocarcinogenesis are still poorly understood. This review summarizes the current data concerning the role and signalling pathways of endoglin in hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression, and provides an overview of the strategies available for a specific targeting of CD105 in anti-angiogenic therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-781, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Adamek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 61-285, Poland.
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Jaleel A, Aneesh Kumar A, Ajith Kumar GS, Surendran A, Kartha CC. Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis reveals distinct molecular characteristics in endocardial endothelium. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 451:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Cai Z, Qin H, Li H, Su W, Wang Y, Qian H, Jiang L, Wu M, Pang J, Chen Y. Protein Kinases Type II (PKG II) Combined with L-Arginine Significantly Ameliorated Xenograft Tumor Development: Is L-Arginine a Potential Alternative in PKG II Activation? Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:736-742. [PMID: 29401205 PMCID: PMC5810367 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinases type II (PKG II) plays critical physiological or pathological functions in different tissues. However, the biological effects of PKG II are dependent on cGMP. Published data indicated that L-arginine (L-Arg) promoted NO production, NO can activate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and catalyzes guanosine triphosphate (GTP) into cGMP, which suggested L-Arg could activate PKG II. Therefore, the present work was performed to address: (i) whether L-Arg could be a potential alternative in PKG II activation, and (ii) whether L-Arg also contributes to PKG II against cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nude BALB/c mice were inoculated with human MCF-7, HepG2, and SW480 cell lines via subcutaneous (s.c.) injecting. After 7 days of inoculation, Ad-PKG II was injected into the cancer tissues every 4 days, and the next day 10 μmol/mouse L-Arg was administered. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess protein expression. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that L-Arg significantly activated PKG II and effectively ameliorated xenograft tumor development through inhibiting cancer growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis, which was partially dependent on blocking of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity, as well as downstream signaling pathways such as Erk1/2. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an exciting new insight: L-Arg is a potential alternative to PKG II activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhensheng Cai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Huijuan Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hongfan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wenbin Su
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ji Pang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Wu Y, Yuan M, Su W, Zhu M, Yao X, Wang Y, Qian H, Jiang L, Tao Y, Wu M, Pang J, Chen Y. The constitutively active PKG II mutant effectively inhibits gastric cancer development via a blockade of EGF/EGFR-associated signalling cascades. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758834017751635. [PMID: 29434677 PMCID: PMC5802699 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017751635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG II) is a membrane-anchored enzyme expressed mainly in the intestinal mucosa and the brain, and is associated with various physiological or pathological processes. Upregulation of PKG II is known to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of PKG II has been shown to be dependent on the inhibition of the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and blockade of EGFR downstream signal transduction in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether similar phenomena/mechanisms exist in vivo and whether these effects are independent of cGMP or cGMP analogues. In the present work, nude mice with transplanted orthotopic tumours were infected with adenovirus encoding cDNA of constitutively active PKG II mutant (Ad-a-PKG II) and the effect of constitutively active PKG II (a-PKG II) on tumour development was detected. The results showed that a-PKG II effectively ameliorated gastric tumour development through delaying the growth, inducing the apoptosis, and inhibiting the metastasis and angiogenesis. The effect was related to blockade of EGFR activation and abrogation of the downstream signalling cascades. These findings provide novel insight which will benefit the development of new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University. 301 Xuefu Road; and The Central Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenbin Su
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Miaolin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changchun Medical College, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ji Pang
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University. 301 Xuefu Road; Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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Dingenouts CKE, Bakker W, Lodder K, Wiesmeijer KC, Moerkamp AT, Maring JA, Arthur HM, Smits AM, Goumans MJ. Inhibiting DPP4 in a mouse model of HHT1 results in a shift towards regenerative macrophages and reduces fibrosis after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189805. [PMID: 29253907 PMCID: PMC5734765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia type-1 (HHT1) is a genetic vascular disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the TGFβ co-receptor endoglin. Dysfunctional homing of HHT1 mononuclear cells (MNCs) towards the infarcted myocardium hampers cardiac recovery. HHT1-MNCs have elevated expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4/CD26), which inhibits recruitment of CXCR4-expressing MNCs by inactivation of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1). We hypothesize that inhibiting DPP4 will restore homing of HHT1-MNCs to the infarcted heart and improve cardiac recovery. METHODS AND RESULTS After inducing myocardial infarction (MI), wild type (WT) and endoglin heterozygous (Eng+/-) mice were treated for 5 days with the DPP4 inhibitor Diprotin A (DipA). DipA increased the number of CXCR4+ MNCs residing in the infarcted Eng+/- hearts (Eng+/- 73.17±12.67 vs. Eng+/- treated 157.00±11.61, P = 0.0003) and significantly reduced infarct size (Eng+/- 46.60±9.33% vs. Eng+/- treated 27.02±3.04%, P = 0.03). Echocardiography demonstrated that DipA treatment slightly deteriorated heart function in Eng+/- mice. An increased number of capillaries (Eng+/- 61.63±1.43 vs. Eng+/- treated 74.30±1.74, P = 0.001) were detected in the infarct border zone whereas the number of arteries was reduced (Eng+/- 11.88±0.63 vs. Eng+/- treated 6.38±0.97, P = 0.003). Interestingly, while less M2 regenerative macrophages were present in Eng+/- hearts prior to DipA treatment, (WT 29.88±1.52% vs. Eng+/- 12.34±1.64%, P<0.0001), DPP4 inhibition restored the number of M2 macrophages to wild type levels. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate that systemic DPP4 inhibition restores the impaired MNC homing in Eng+/- animals post-MI, and enhances cardiac repair, which might be explained by restoring the balance between the inflammatory and regenerative macrophages present in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wineke Bakker
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Lodder
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karien C. Wiesmeijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Asja T. Moerkamp
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janita A. Maring
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Helen M. Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anke M. Smits
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Transforming Growth Factor-β Isoforms and Soluble Endoglin Concentration in Different States of Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102206. [PMID: 29065449 PMCID: PMC5666886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous leg ulcer (VLU) is a huge healthcare problem with poorly understood pathophysiology. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and endoglin (Eng), are inflammatory and wound healing mediators. Eng, co-receptor for TGF-β type-II receptors, may be cleaved forming soluble Eng (sEng), antagonizing TGF-β signaling, a crucial process in vascular pathologies. We evaluated the accumulation in wound fluid (WF) of TGF-β isoforms and sEng in healing stages, showing the effects of sulodexide treatments, a glycosaminoglycan with clinical efficacy in VLU healing. Patients with inflammatory (Infl) and granulating (Gran) VLU were recruited. WFs and THP-1 monocytes exposed to Infl and Gran WF (treated/untreated with sulodexide) were analyzed for TGF-β isoforms and sEng by multiplex immunoassay. In both Infl and Gran WF, TGF-β1 and β2 were similar; TGF-β3 was significantly increased in Infl compared to Gran WFs (p = 0.033). sEng was significantly elevated in Gran compared to Infl WFs (p = 0.002). In THP-1 monocytes there was a significant increase in sEng after co-treatment of WF and sulodexide. The increase in TGF-β3 found in Infl WF highlights its negative effect on wound healing, while the increased levels of sEng in Gran WF affects the leukocyte adhesion/transmigration through the endothelium, reducing the inflammatory response and favoring the wound healing. Glycosaminoglycan sulodexide potentiates the effects of sEng release from monocyte, representing an important therapeutic option for wound healing.
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Abstract
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy have been the cause of much clinical dilemma, affecting up to 10 % of all pregnancies. The precise blood pressure to achieve in a pregnant woman is usually a battle between minimizing end organ damage to the mother and providing adequate perfusion to the placenta and the fetus. This predicament is becoming more, not less, frequent as maternal ages increase in high resource nations. Biomarkers to predict preeclampsia, a subcategory of hypertension in pregnancy, have always been elusive. The discovery of angiogenic factors relevant to preeclampsia in the last decade, however, has propelled much needed research, both in the basic science and clinical arenas. In this review, we summarize the latest clinical studies and international guidelines on blood pressure goals in pregnancy, and discuss the most promising of biomarkers to predict or diagnose preeclampsia.
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Piccin A, Steurer M, Feistritzer C, Murphy C, Eakins E, Van Schilfgaarde M, Corvetta D, Di Pierro AM, Pusceddu I, Marcheselli L, Gambato R, Langes M, Veneri D, Perbellini O, Pacquola E, Gottardi M, Gherlinzoni F, Mega A, Tauber M, Mazzoleni G, Piva E, Plebani M, Krampera M, Gastl G. Observational retrospective study of vascular modulator changes during treatment in essential thrombocythemia. Transl Res 2017; 184:21-34. [PMID: 28259616 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients are at risk of developing thrombotic events. Qualitative platelet (PLT) abnormalities and activation of endothelial cells (ECs) and PLTs are thought to be involved. Microparticles (MPs) can originate from PLTs (PMPs), ECs (EMPs), or red cells (RMPs). Previous studies have indicated that MPs contribute to ET pathophysiology. Endothelial modulators (eg, nitric oxide [NO], adrenomedullin [ADM], and endothelin-1 [ET-1]) are also involved in the pathophysiology of this condition. We hypothesized that treatments for reducing PLT count might also indirectly affect MP generation and endothelial activity by altering endothelial modulator production. The rationale of this study was that hydroxyurea (HU), a cytostatic drug largely used in ET, induces the production of a potent vasoactive agent NO in ECs. An observational retrospective study was designed to investigate the relationship between MPs, NO, ADM, and ET-1 in ET patients on treatment with HU, anagrelide (ANA), aspirin (ASA), and a group of patients before treatment. A total of 63 patients with ET diagnosis: 18 on HU + ASA, 15 on ANA + ASA, 19 on ASA only, and 11 untreated patients, and 18 healthy controls were included in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for MP (absolute total values) and functional markers (percentage values) by flow cytometry. PLT-derived MPs were studied using CD61, CD62P, CD36, and CD63, whereas endothelial-derived MPs were studied using CD105, CD62E, and CD144. Endothelial modulator markers (NO, ADM, and ET-1) were measured by ELISA. Total MP count was higher in the group treated with ANA + ASA (P < 0.01). MP markers modified in ET patients returned to levels of healthy controls following treatment, in particular, in patients on ANA treatment. NO and ADM values were higher in the HU group (P < 0.001). HU and ANA treatment also affected MP production in a cell origin-specific manner. HU and ANA, although acting via different pathways, have similar final effects. For instance, HU causes vasodilatation by increasing NO and ADM levels, whereas ANA impairs vasoconstriction by reducing ET-1. In conclusion, therapy with HU cytostatic drugs and ANA can reduce PLT count in ET, and also affect endothelial modulatory agents, with HU sustaining vasodilation and prothrombotic MP concentration, whereas ANA decreases vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piccin
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Haematology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy; Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland; IMREST Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol, Italy.
| | - Michael Steurer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Feistritzer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Elva Eakins
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Daisy Corvetta
- Department of Haematology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy; IMREST Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Di Pierro
- IMREST Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol, Italy; Central Laboratory, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Irene Pusceddu
- IMREST Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol, Italy; Central Laboratory, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Luigi Marcheselli
- Department of Diagnostic, Medicine University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambato
- Department of Haematology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Martin Langes
- Department of Haematology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Dino Veneri
- Department of Haematology, University of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Department of Haematology, University of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Pacquola
- Department of Haematology, Cà Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Mega
- IMREST Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol, Italy; Department of Gastroenterology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Martina Tauber
- Department of Pathology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Guido Mazzoleni
- Department of Pathology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Elisa Piva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Haematology, University of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Günther Gastl
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Núñez-Gómez E, Pericacho M, Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Bernabéu C, López-Novoa JM. The role of endoglin in post-ischemic revascularization. Angiogenesis 2016; 20:1-24. [PMID: 27943030 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Following arterial occlusion, blood vessels respond by forming a new network of functional capillaries (angiogenesis), by reorganizing preexisting capillaries through the recruitment of smooth muscle cells to generate new arteries (arteriogenesis) and by growing and remodeling preexisting collateral arterioles into physiologically relevant arteries (collateral development). All these processes result in the recovery of organ perfusion. The importance of endoglin in post-occlusion reperfusion is sustained by several observations: (1) endoglin expression is increased in vessels showing active angiogenesis/remodeling; (2) genetic endoglin haploinsufficiency in humans causes deficient angiogenesis; and (3) the reduction of endoglin expression by gene disruption or the administration of endoglin-neutralizing antibodies reduces angiogenesis and revascularization. However, the precise role of endoglin in the several processes associated with revascularization has not been completely elucidated and, in some cases, the function ascribed to endoglin by different authors is controversial. The purpose of this review is to organize in a critical way the information available for the role of endoglin in several phenomena (angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and collateral development) associated with post-ischemic revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Núñez-Gómez
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Claudia Ollauri-Ibáñez
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmelo Bernabéu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CIB, CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
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Emeksiz HC, Bideci A, Damar Ç, Derinkuyu B, Çelik N, Döğer E, Yüce Ö, Özmen MC, Çamurdan MO, Cinaz P. Soluble Endoglin Level Increase Occurs Prior to Development of Subclinical Structural Vascular Alterations in Diabetic Adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2016; 8:313-20. [PMID: 27097763 PMCID: PMC5096495 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soluble endoglin (S-endoglin) has been implicated as a potential marker of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and was reported to be elevated in diabetic adults, correlating with the severity of diabetic vasculopathy. However, circulating S-endoglin and its association with other markers of ED have not been formerly analyzed in the first decade of diabetes onset in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Fifty-eight adolescents with moderately/poorly controlled T1DM were included in this study and twenty-nine healthy adolescents served as controls. The diabetic group was divided into two groups based on the presence of microalbuminuria, as the microalbuminuria group (n=15) and the normoalbuminuria group (n=43). Functional vascular alterations were evaluated by measuring serum S-endoglin and plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) was measured for evaluation of structural vascular alterations. RESULTS The S-endoglin and NO levels of both microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria groups were higher than those of the control group (for S-endoglin, p=0.047 and p<0.001; for NO, p=0.004 and p=0.006, respectively). The FMD percent was lower in the microalbuminuria group compared to the normoalbuminuria and control groups (p=0.036 and p=0.020, respectively). There were negative correlations between S-endoglin concentration and FMD percent (r=-0.213, p=0.051) and between serum S-endoglin concentration and albumin excretion rate (r=-0.361, p=0.005). No significant differences were found in CIMT among any of the groups (p=0.443). CONCLUSION In adolescents with T1DM, S-endoglin concentrations might increase in parallel to the deterioration in endothelial function before subclinical structural vascular alterations become evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Cihan Emeksiz
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey, Phone: +90 462 341 56 56/11572 E-mail:
| | - Aysun Bideci
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Damar
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Derinkuyu
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Çelik
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Döğer
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Yüce
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cüneyt Özmen
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Orhun Çamurdan
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Peyami Cinaz
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein promotes TGFβ1-mediated growth suppression in the Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11009-22. [PMID: 25826092 PMCID: PMC4484435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG) is an approximately 50-kDa glycoprotein that has been found to be elevated in the sera of patients with several types of cancer. LRG directly binds to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and modulates TGFβ1 signaling in endothelial cells; however, the precise function of LRG in cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of LRG in cancer. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells hardly expressed LRG. The growth of LLC tumors allografted in the LRG knockout (KO) mice was significantly increased compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Conversely, overexpression of LRG significantly inhibited the growth of LLC tumors in WT mice. In the presence of LRG, TGFβ1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of LLC cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis via the potent activation of smad2 and its downstream signaling pathway. Furthermore, administration of a TGFβR1 inhibitor (SB431542) significantly enhanced the growth of LLC tumors in WT mice compared with LRG KO mice via inhibition of apoptosis. We propose that LRG potentiates the effect of TGFβ1 in cancer cells whose growth is suppressed in the presence of TGFβ1.
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Yan XC, Cao J, Liang L, Wang L, Gao F, Yang ZY, Duan JL, Chang TF, Deng SM, Liu Y, Dou GR, Zhang J, Zheng QJ, Zhang P, Han H. miR-342-5p Is a Notch Downstream Molecule and Regulates Multiple Angiogenic Pathways Including Notch, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.003042. [PMID: 26857067 PMCID: PMC4802463 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) form blood vessels through angiogenesis that is regulated by coordination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, transforming growth factor β, and other signals, but the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Methods and Results Small RNA sequencing initially identified miR‐342‐5p as a novel downstream molecule of Notch signaling in ECs. Reporter assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that miR‐342‐5p targeted endoglin and modulated transforming growth factor β signaling by repressing SMAD1/5 phosphorylation in ECs. Transfection of miR‐342‐5p inhibited EC proliferation and lumen formation and reduced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, as assayed by using a fibrin beads–based sprouting assay, mouse aortic ring culture, and intravitreal injection of miR‐342‐5p agomir in P3 pups. Moreover, miR‐342‐5p promoted the migration of ECs, accompanied by reduced endothelial markers and increased mesenchymal markers, indicative of increased endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Transfection of endoglin at least partially reversed endothelial–mesenchymal transition induced by miR‐342‐5p. The expression of miR‐342‐5p was upregulated by transforming growth factor β, and inhibition of miR‐342‐5p attenuated the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor β on lumen formation and sprouting by ECs. In addition, VEGF repressed miR‐342‐5p expression, and transfection of miR‐342‐5p repressed VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 expression and VEGF‐triggered Akt phosphorylation in ECs. miR‐342‐5p repressed angiogenesis in a laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization model in mice, highlighting its clinical potential. Conclusions miR‐342‐5p acts as a multifunctional angiogenic repressor mediating the effects and interaction among angiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - San-Ming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi-Jun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Paczkowska E, Rogińska D, Pius-Sadowska E, Jurewicz A, Piecyk K, Safranow K, Dziedziejko V, Grzegrzółka R, Bohatyrewicz A, Machaliński B. Evidence for proangiogenic cellular and humoral systemic response in patients with acute onset of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2015; 38:729-44. [PMID: 24968203 PMCID: PMC4725807 DOI: 10.1179/2045772314y.0000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to disruption of local vasculature inducing secondary damage of neural tissue. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in post-injury regeneration of vasculature, whereas endothelial cells (ECs) reflect endothelial damage. METHODS Twenty patients with SCI were assessed during the first 24 hours, at day 3, and day 7 post-injury and compared to 25 healthy subjects. We herein investigated EPC and EC counts by flow cytometry as well as the levels of soluble factors (SDF-1, HGF, VEGF, Ang2, EGF, endoglin, PLGF, FGF-2, ET-1, BDNF, IGF-1) regulating their migration and proangiogenic function. To better characterize peripheral blood (PB) cells, global gene expression profiles of PB-derived cells were determined using genome-wide RNA microarray technology. RESULTS We found significantly higher EPC (CD34(+)/CD133(+)/VEGFR2(+)) as well as EC (VEGFR2(+)) count in PB of patients with SCI within 7 days post-injury and the increased HGF, ET-1, Ang2, EGF, and PLGF plasma levels. Global gene expression analysis revealed considerably lower expression of genes associated with both innate and adaptive immune response in PB cells in patients. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SCI triggers bone marrow-derived EPC mobilization accompanied by increased circulating EC numbers. Significant changes in both chemoattractive and proangiogenic cytokines plasma levels occurring rapidly after SCI suggest their role in SCI-related regenerative responses to injury. Broadened knowledge concerning the mechanisms governing of human organism response to the SCI might be helpful in developing effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Paczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogińska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alina Jurewicz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piecyk
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Grzegrzółka
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bohatyrewicz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland,Correspondence to: Bogusław Machaliński, Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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Elton TS, Yalowich JC. Experimental procedures to identify and validate specific mRNA targets of miRNAs. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:758-90. [PMID: 27047316 PMCID: PMC4817421 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Functionally matured microRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules which are emerging as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and consequently are central players in many physiological and pathological processes. Since the biological roles of individual miRNAs will be dictated by the mRNAs that they regulate, the identification and validation of miRNA/mRNA target interactions is critical for our understanding of the regulatory networks governing biological processes. We promulgate the combined use of prediction algorithms, the examination of curated databases of experimentally supported miRNA/mRNA interactions, manual sequence inspection of cataloged miRNA binding sites in specific target mRNAs, and review of the published literature as a reliable practice for identifying and prioritizing biologically important miRNA/mRNA target pairs. Once a preferred miRNA/mRNA target pair has been selected, we propose that the authenticity of a functional miRNA/mRNA target pair be validated by fulfilling four well-defined experimental criteria. This review summarizes our current knowledge of miRNA biology, miRNA/mRNA target prediction algorithms, validated miRNA/mRNA target data bases, and outlines several experimental methods by which miRNA/mRNA targets can be authenticated. In addition, a case study of human endoglin is presented as an example of the utilization of these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry S Elton
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jack C Yalowich
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Dingenouts CKE, Goumans MJ, Bakker W. Mononuclear cells and vascular repair in HHT. Front Genet 2015; 6:114. [PMID: 25852751 PMCID: PMC4369645 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu–Osler–Weber disease is a rare genetic vascular disorder known for its endothelial dysplasia causing arteriovenous malformations and severe bleedings. HHT-1 and HHT-2 are the most prevalent variants and are caused by heterozygous mutations in endoglin and activin receptor-like kinase 1, respectively. An undervalued aspect of the disease is that HHT patients experience persistent inflammation. Although endothelial and mural cells have been the main research focus trying to unravel the mechanism behind the disease, wound healing is a process with a delicate balance between inflammatory and vascular cells. Inflammatory cells are part of the mononuclear cells (MNCs) fraction, and can, next to eliciting an immune response, also have angiogenic potential. This biphasic effect of MNC can hold a promising mechanism to further elucidate treatment strategies for HHT patients. Before MNC are able to contribute to repair, they need to home to and retain in ischemic and damaged tissue. Directed migration (homing) of MNCs following tissue damage is regulated by the stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF1). MNCs that express the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) migrate toward the tightly regulated gradient of SDF1. This directed migration of monocytes and lymphocytes can be inhibited by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). Interestingly, MNC of HHT patients express elevated levels of DPP4 and show impaired homing toward damaged tissue. Impaired homing capacity of the MNCs might therefore contribute to the impaired angiogenesis and tissue repair observed in HHT patients. This review summarizes recent studies regarding the role of MNCs in the etiology of HHT and vascular repair, and evaluates the efficacy of DPP4 inhibition in tissue integrity and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calinda K E Dingenouts
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wineke Bakker
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
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Awwad K, Hu J, Shi L, Mangels N, Abdel Malik R, Zippel N, Fisslthaler B, Eble JA, Pfeilschifter J, Popp R, Fleming I. Role of secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) in transforming growth factor β signalling and angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:284-94. [PMID: 25750188 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) is a matricellular protein that potentially interferes with growth factor receptor signalling. The aim of this study was to determine how its expression is regulated in endothelial cells and its role in the regulation of endothelial cell function. METHODS AND RESULTS SMOC1 was expressed by native murine endothelial cells as well as by cultured human, porcine, and murine endothelial cells. SMOC1 expression in cultured cells was increased by hypoxia via the down-regulation of miR-223, and SMOC1 expression was increased in lungs from miR-223-deficient mice. Silencing SMOC1 (small interfering RNA) attenuated endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting in in vitro angiogenesis assays. Similarly endothelial cell sprouting from aortic rings ex vivo as well as postnatal retinal angiogenesis in vivo was attenuated in SMOC1(+/-) mice. In endothelial cells, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling via activin-like kinase (ALK) 5 leads to quiescence, whereas TGF-β signalling via ALK1 results in endothelial cell activation. SMOC1 acted as a negative regulator of ALK5/SMAD2 signalling, resulting in altered α2 integrin levels. Mechanistically, SMOC1 associated (immunohistochemistry, proximity ligation assay, and co-immunoprecipitation) with endoglin; an endothelium-specific type III auxiliary receptor for the TGF-β super family and the effects of SMOC1 down-regulation on SMAD2 phosphorylation were abolished by the down-regulation of endoglin. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SMOC1 is an ALK5 antagonist produced by endothelial cells that tips TGF-β signalling towards ALK1 activation, thus promoting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader Awwad
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Mangels
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Randa Abdel Malik
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Zippel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Excellence Cluster Cell-in-Motion, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmacenter Frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Microparticles: markers and mediators of sepsis-induced microvascular dysfunction, immunosuppression, and AKI. Kidney Int 2015; 87:1100-8. [PMID: 25692956 PMCID: PMC4449806 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe and complex syndrome that lacks effective prevention or therapeutics. The effects of sepsis on the microvasculature have become an attractive area for possible new targets and therapeutics. Microparticles (MPs) are cell membrane-derived particles that can promote coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis, and they can participate in cell-to-cell communication. MPs retain cell membrane and cytoplasmic constituents of their parental cells, including two procoagulants: phosphatidylserine and tissue factor. We highlight the role of microparticles released by endothelial and circulating cells after sepsis-induced microvascular injury, and we discuss possible mechanisms by which microparticles can contribute to endothelial dysfunction, immunosuppression, and multiorgan dysfunction--including sepsis-AKI. Once viewed as cellular byproducts, microparticles are emerging as a new class of markers and mediators in the pathogenesis of sepsis.
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Korabecna M, Jirkovska M. How to Characterize Fetal Cells from the Maternal Circulation? Fetal Diagn Ther 2015; 39:238-40. [PMID: 25677942 DOI: 10.1159/000368830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Korabecna
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Song W, Wang X. The role of TGFβ1 and LRG1 in cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Biophys Rev 2015; 7:91-104. [PMID: 28509980 PMCID: PMC4322186 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-014-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a life-threatening condition that carries a considerable emotional and socio-economic burden. As a result of the global increase in the ageing population, sedentary life-style, increased prevalence of risk factors, and improved survival from cardiovascular events, the incidence of heart failure will continue to rise. Despite the advances in current cardiovascular therapies, many patients are not suitable for or may not benefit from conventional treatments. Thus, more effective therapies are required. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β family of cytokines is involved in heart development and dys-regulated TGFβ signalling is commonly associated with fibrosis, aberrant angiogenesis and accelerated progression into heart failure. Therefore, a potential therapeutic pathway is to modulate TGFβ signalling; however, broad blockage of TGFβ signalling may cause unwanted side effects due to its pivotal role in tissue homeostasis. We found that leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) promotes blood vessel formation via regulating the context-dependent endothelial TGFβ signalling. This review will focus on the interaction between LRG1 and TGFβ signalling, their involvement in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and the potential for LRG1 to function as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Song
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontiers Block, Level 4, 50 Nan yang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontiers Block, Level 4, 50 Nan yang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore. .,Division of Cell Biology in Health and Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Vrapciu A, Rusu M, Voinea L, Corbu C. CD146- and CD105-positive phenotypes of retinal ganglion cells. Are these in situ proofs of neuronal regeneration? Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:497-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dhaouadi N, Li JY, Feugier P, Gustin MP, Dab H, Kacem K, Bricca G, Cerutti C. Computational identification of potential transcriptional regulators of TGF-ß1 in human atherosclerotic arteries. Genomics 2014; 103:357-70. [PMID: 24819318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TGF-ß is protective in atherosclerosis but deleterious in metastatic cancers. Our aim was to determine whether TGF-ß transcriptional regulation is tissue-specific in early atherosclerosis. The computational methods included 5 steps: (i) from microarray data of human atherosclerotic carotid tissue, to identify the 10 best co-expressed genes with TGFB1 (TGFB1 gene cluster), (ii) to choose the 11 proximal promoters, (iii) to predict the TFBS shared by the promoters, (iv) to identify the common TFs co-expressed with the TGFB1 gene cluster, and (v) to compare the common TFs in the early lesions to those identified in advanced atherosclerotic lesions and in various cancers. Our results show that EGR1, SP1 and KLF6 could be responsible for TGFB1 basal expression, KLF6 appearing specific to atherosclerotic lesions. Among the TFs co-expressed with the gene cluster, transcriptional activators (SLC2A4RG, MAZ) and repressors (ZBTB7A, PATZ1, ZNF263) could be involved in the fine-tuning of TGFB1 expression in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Dhaouadi
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France; Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jacques-Yuan Li
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Feugier
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gustin
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Houcine Dab
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Kacem
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Giampiero Bricca
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France.
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