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Buckthorpe M, Gokeler A, Herrington L, Hughes M, Grassi A, Wadey R, Patterson S, Compagnin A, La Rosa G, Della Villa F. Optimising the Early-Stage Rehabilitation Process Post-ACL Reconstruction. Sports Med 2024; 54:49-72. [PMID: 37787846 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) need improving, with poor return-to-sport rates and a high risk of secondary re-injury. There is a need to improve rehabilitation strategies post-ACLR, if we can support enhanced patient outcomes. This paper discusses how to optimise the early-stage rehabilitation process post-ACLR. Early-stage rehabilitation is the vital foundation on which successful rehabilitation post-ACLR can occur. Without high-quality early-stage (and pre-operative) rehabilitation, patients often do not overcome major aspects of dysfunction, which limits knee function and the ability to transition through subsequent stages of rehabilitation optimally. We highlight six main dimensions during the early stage: (1) pain and swelling; (2) knee joint range of motion; (3) arthrogenic muscle inhibition and muscle strength; (4) movement quality/neuromuscular control during activities of daily living (5) psycho-social-cultural and environmental factors and (6) physical fitness preservation. The six do not share equal importance and the extent of time commitment devoted to each will depend on the individual patient. The paper provides recommendations on how to implement these into practice, discussing training planning and programming, and suggests specific screening to monitor work and when the athlete can progress to the next stage (e.g. mid-stage rehabilitation entry criteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Buckthorpe
- Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary's University, London, TW1 4SX, Twickenham, UK.
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alli Gokeler
- Exercise Science and Neuroscience, Department Exercise & Health, Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Lee Herrington
- Centre for Human Sciences Research, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Mick Hughes
- North Queensland Physiotherapy Centre, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Alberto Grassi
- II Clinica Ortopedica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ross Wadey
- Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary's University, London, TW1 4SX, Twickenham, UK
| | - Stephen Patterson
- Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary's University, London, TW1 4SX, Twickenham, UK
| | - Alessandro Compagnin
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni La Rosa
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Della Villa
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Jo KH, Lee SM, So WY, Lee EJ. Mediating Effect of Sports Safety Awareness between Sports Activity Habits and the Intention to Complete Safety Education among Korean Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1891. [PMID: 37444725 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the importance of safety during sports activities continues to gain emphasis socially, the interest in creating a culture of safety and safety education to support this is also increasing. However, no study has examined the willingness of adolescents to complete safety education voluntarily. To identify methods of building a culture of sports safety among adolescents, this study investigated the structural relationship among three related variables: sports activity habits, intention to complete safety education, and sports safety awareness of Korean adolescents. METHODS Data on 3928 adolescents aged 13-18 years old from the 2019 Sports Safety Accident Survey conducted by the Korea Sports Safety Foundation were analyzed. This encompassed frequency analysis, scale reliability, validity verification, descriptive statistics analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect verification. RESULTS The results indicated that sports activity habits among these adolescents had a positive effect on their sports safety awareness and on their intention to complete safety education; further, their sports safety awareness had a positive effect on their intention to complete safety education. The results also showed that sports safety awareness had a partial mediating effect between sports activity habits and intention to complete safety education. The willingness of adolescents to voluntarily complete safety education is particularly important, as adolescence is a critical period when lifelong safety habits can be formed. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, discussions on creating safe sports activity habits for adolescents and continuous education on sports safety awareness are needed. Ultimately, we need to improve sports safety awareness by paying attention to the development and implementation of sports safety education programs for adolescents as a national policy and, through this, increase their willingness to complete safety education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hee Jo
- Center for Textbook Authorization, Department of Curriculum and Textbook, Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation, Jincheon-gun 27873, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Man Lee
- Department of Sports Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sport Medicine Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jae Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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Jacobsson J, Kowalski J, Timpka T, Hansson PO, Spreco A, Dahlstrom O. Universal prevention through a digital health platform reduces injury incidence in youth athletics (track and field): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:364-370. [PMID: 36564148 PMCID: PMC9985750 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether universal prevention via a digital health platform can reduce the injury incidence in athletics athletes aged 12-15 years and if club size had an influence on the effect of the intervention. METHODS This was a cluster randomised trial where young athletics athletes were randomised through their club following stratification by club size into intervention (11 clubs; 56 athletes) and control (10 clubs; 79 athletes) groups. The primary endpoint was time from baseline to the first self-reported injury. Intervention group parents and coaches were given access to a website with health information adapted to adolescent athletes and were encouraged to log in and explore its content during 16 weeks. The control group continued training as normal. Training exposure and injury data were self-reported by youths/parents every second week, that is, eight times. The primary endpoint data were analysed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the second study aim with intervention status and club size included in the explanatory models. RESULTS The proportion of completed training reports was 85% (n=382) in the intervention group and 86% (n=545) in the control group. The injury incidence was significantly lower (HR=0.62; χ2=3.865; p=0.049) in the intervention group. The median time to first injury was 16 weeks in the intervention group and 8 weeks in the control group. An interaction effect between the intervention and stratification factor was observed with a difference in injury risk between athletes in the large clubs in the intervention group versus their peers in the control group (HR 0.491 (95% CI 0.242 to 0.998); p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS A protective effect against injury through universal access to health information adapted for adolescent athletes was observed in youth athletics athletes. The efficacy of the intervention was stronger in large clubs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03459313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,Medical Committee, Swedish Athletics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Armin Spreco
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Orjan Dahlstrom
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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4
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Zhang JK, Alimadadi A, ReVeal M, Del Valle AJ, Patel M, O'Malley DS, Mercier P, Mattei TA. Litigation involving sports-related spinal injuries: a comprehensive review of reported legal claims in the United States in the past 70 years. Spine J 2023; 23:72-84. [PMID: 36028214 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Sports-related spinal injuries can be catastrophic in nature. Athletes competing in collision sports (eg, football) may be particularly prone to injury given the high-impact nature of these activities. Due to the oftentimes profound impact of sports-related spinal injuries on health and quality-of-life, they are also associated with a substantial risk of litigation. However, no study to date has assessed litigation risks associated with sports-related spinal injuries. A better understanding of the risk factors surrounding these legal claims may provide insights into injury prevention and other strategies to minimize litigation risks. In addition, it may allow the spine surgeon to better recognize the health, socioeconomic, and legal challenges faced by this patient population. PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive assessment of reported legal claims involving sports-related spinal injuries, including a comparative analysis of legal outcomes between collision and non-collision sports. To discuss strategies to prevent sports-related spinal injuries and minimize litigation risks. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective review. PATIENT SAMPLE Athletes experiencing spinal injuries during sports. OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included verdict outcome (defendant vs. plaintiff), legal claims, injuries sustained, clinical symptoms, and award payouts. METHODS The legal research database Westlaw Edge (Thomson Reuters) was queried for legal claims brought in the United States from 1950 to 2021 involving sports-related spinal injuries. Verdict or settlement outcomes were collected as well as award payouts, time to case closure, case year, and case location. Demographic data, including type of sport (ie collision vs. non-collision sport) and level of play were obtained. Legal claims, spinal injuries sustained, and clinical symptoms were also extracted. Furthermore, the nature of injury, injured spinal region, and treatment pursued were collected. Descriptive statistics were reported for all cases and independent-samples t-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare differences between collision and non-collision sports. RESULTS Of the 840 cases identified on initial search, 78 met our criteria for in-depth analysis. This yielded 62% (n=48) defendant verdicts, 32% (n=25) plaintiff verdicts, and 6% (n=5) settlements, with a median inflation-adjusted award of $780,000 (range: $5,480-$21,585,000) for all cases. The most common legal claim was negligent supervision (n=38, 46%), followed by premises liability (n=23, 28%), and workers' compensation/no fault litigation (n=10, 12%). The most common injuries sustained were vertebral fractures (n=34, 44%) followed by disc herniation (n=14, 18%). Most cases resulted in catastrophic neurological injury (n=37, 49%), either paraplegia (n=6, 8%) or quadriplegia (n=31, 41%), followed by chronic/refractory pain (n=32, 43%). Non-collision sport cases had a higher percentage of premises liability claims (41% vs. 11%, p=.006) and alleged chronic/refractory pain (53% vs. 28%, p=.04). Conversely, collision sport cases had a higher proportion of workers' compensation/no fault litigation (23% vs. 4%, p=.03) and cases involving disc herniation (29% vs. 9%, respectively; p=.04). CONCLUSION Sports-related spinal injuries are associated with multiple and complex health, socioeconomic, and legal consequences, with median inflation-adjusted award payouts nearing $800,000 per case. In our cohort, the most commonly cited legal claims were negligent supervision and premises liability, emphasizing the need for prevention guidelines for safe sports practice, especially in non-professional settings. Cases involving athletes participating in non-collision sports were significantly associated with claims citing chronic/refractory pain, highlighting the importance of long-term care in severely injured athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Zhang
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St, Louis, MO, 63104 USA
| | - Alborz Alimadadi
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St, Louis, MO, 63104 USA
| | - Matthew ReVeal
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St, Louis, MO, 63104 USA
| | - Armando J Del Valle
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St, Louis, MO, 63104 USA
| | - Mayur Patel
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St, Louis, MO, 63104 USA
| | - Deborah S O'Malley
- Associate Professor, Saint Louis University School of Law, St, Louis, MO, 63104 USA
| | - Philippe Mercier
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St, Louis, MO, 63104 USA
| | - Tobias A Mattei
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St, Louis, MO, 63104 USA.
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5
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Ma L, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yang C. Function of Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility in Safety of Sports Activities and Home Aerobic Equipment in the Late Period of COVID-19. Front Psychol 2022; 13:919254. [PMID: 35795447 PMCID: PMC9251432 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.919254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic has impacted various industries, including the sports industry. However, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can mitigate the adverse effects of the crisis and promote the sports industry. To analyze the effect of CSR, the study examined the impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on injury prevention expectation, injury risk perception, and health up-gradation with the mediation of sports safety measures. There are 259 sportsmen of local sports bodies provided the data through a self-administered survey. Data analysis was conducted through Smart-PLS and SEM techniques. The outcome of the analysis showed that perceived corporate social responsibility leads to injury prevention expectation, injury risk perception, and health up-gradation. Also, the study found that sports safety measure mediates the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility and injury prevention expectation, between perceived corporate social responsibility and injury risk perception, and between perceived corporate social responsibility and health up-gradation among sportsmen of local sports bodies. The theoretical implications were presented related to the significance of CSR and sports safety measure and their impact on sportsmen injury prevention expectation, health, and risk perception. The practical implications were related to the management of local sports bodies and how they can induce CSR initiatives and programs. Some limitations related to sample size, incorporating other variables, examining the model in other contexts, and using different study designs, have also been mentioned in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Ma
- Physical Education Department, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Physical Education Department, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiang Liu
| | - Yicheng Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Neijiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Physical Education Department, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Physical Education Department, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Buckthorpe M. Recommendations for Movement Re-training After ACL Reconstruction. Sports Med 2021; 51:1601-1618. [PMID: 33840081 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is important to optimise the functional recovery process to enhance patient outcomes after major injury such as anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Restoring movement quality during sporting-type movements is important prior to return-to-sport (RTS) after ACLR. Alterations in movement quality during an array of functional tasks are common amongst ACLR patients at or near the time of RTS and are associated with worse outcomes after ACLR. The inability to correct movement issues prior to RTS is likely due to the use of incomplete programmes or a lack of volume and intensity of movement re-training programmes. Although most clinicians and researchers understand that re-training movement after ACLR is important (e.g., the 'why'), there is often a disconnect with understanding the 'how' and 'what' of movement re-training post ACLR. The aim of this paper was to discuss factors relevant to movement dysfunction and re-training after ACLR and provide recommendations for clinicians to restore movement quality of patients after ACLR, prior to RTS. The paper recommends: (i) considering the factors which influence the expression of movement quality, which revolve around individual (e.g., neuromuscular, biomechanical, sensorimotor and neurocognitive factors), task-specific and environmental constraints; (ii) incorporating a three-staged movement re-training approach aligned to the ACLR functional recovery process: (1) addressing the neuromuscular and biomechanical and sensorimotor control factors which affect movement quality and motor learning, (2) including a progressive movement re-training approach to re-learn an array of functional tasks optimising coordination and motor learning (3) performing the final aspect of rehabilitation and movement training on the field, in realistic environments progressively simulating the sporting movement demands and environmental constraints; and (iii) effectively designing the movement programme for optimal load management, employing effective coach and feedback techniques and utilising qualitative movement analysis for transition between exercises, stages and for RTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Buckthorpe
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Marys University, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK.
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7
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Recommendations for Hamstring Function Recovery After ACL Reconstruction. Sports Med 2020; 51:607-624. [PMID: 33332017 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is important to optimise the functional recovery process to enhance patient outcomes after major injury such as anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This requires in part more high-quality original research, but also an approach to translate existing research into practice to overcome the research to implementation barriers. This includes research on ACLR athletes, but also research on other pathologies, which with some modification can be valuable to the ACLR patient. One important consideration after ACLR is the recovery of hamstring muscle function, particularly when using ipsilateral hamstring autograft. Deficits in knee flexor function after ACLR are associated with increased risk of knee osteoarthritis, altered gait and sport-type movement quality, and elevated risk of re-injury upon return to sport. After ACLR and the early post-operative period, there are often considerable deficits in hamstring function which need to be overcome as part of the functional recovery process. To achieve this requires consideration of many factors including the types of strength to recover (e.g., maximal and explosive, multiplanar not just uniplanar), specific programming principles (e.g., periodised resistance programme) and exercise selection. There is a need to know how to train the hamstrings, but also apply this to the ACLR athlete. In this paper, the authors discuss the deficits in hamstring function after ACLR, the considerations on how to restore these deficits and align this information to the ACLR functional recovery process, providing recommendation on how to recover hamstring function after ACLR.
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8
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Gabriel EH, McCann RS, Hoch MC. Use of Social or Behavioral Theories in Exercise-Related Injury Prevention Program Research: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:1515-1528. [PMID: 31187453 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social or behavioral theories within exercise-related injury prevention program (ERIPP) research may lead to a better understanding of why adherence to the programs is low and inform the development of interventions to improve program adherence. There is a need to determine which theories have been used within the literature and at what level theory was used to further the field. OBJECTIVE To determine which social or behavioral science theories have been incorporated within ERIPP research and assess the level at which the theories were used. The key question guiding the search was "What social or behavioral theories have been used within ERIPP research?" METHODS A systematic review of the literature was completed with an appraisal of bias risk using a custom critical appraisal tool. An electronic search of EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection) and PubMed was completed from inception to October 2018. Studies investigating attitudes towards ERIPP participation with the use of a social or behavioral theoretical model or framework were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The electronic search returned 7482 results and two articles were identified though a hand search, which resulted in ten articles meeting inclusion criteria. Four different behavioral or social theoretical models or frameworks were identified including the health action process approach model, health belief model, self-determination theory, and theory of planned behavior. Six studies utilized the theory at a B level meaning a theoretical construct was measured while four utilized the theory at the C level meaning the theory was tested. The mean critical appraisal score was 78%, indicating a majority of the studies were higher quality. CONCLUSION There has been an increase in the use of theory within literature that is specific to ERIPP participation. Additionally, the use of theory has shifted from guiding program design to the measurement of theoretical constructs and testing of the theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Gabriel
- College of Health Professions, Mercer University, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
| | - Ryan S McCann
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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9
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Nielsen RO, Shrier I, Casals M, Nettel-Aguirre A, Møller M, Bolling C, Bittencourt NFN, Clarsen B, Wedderkopp N, Soligard T, Timpka T, Emery C, Bahr R, Jacobsson J, Whiteley R, Dahlstrom O, van Dyk N, Pluim BM, Stamatakis E, Palacios-Derflingher L, Fagerland MW, Khan KM, Ardern CL, Verhagen E. Statement on methods in sport injury research from the 1st METHODS MATTER Meeting, Copenhagen, 2019. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:941. [PMID: 32371524 PMCID: PMC7392492 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High quality sports injury research can facilitate sports injury prevention and treatment. There is scope to improve how our field applies best practice methods—methods matter (greatly!). The 1st METHODS MATTER Meeting, held in January 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark, was the forum for an international group of researchers with expertise in research methods to discuss sports injury methods. We discussed important epidemiological and statistical topics within the field of sports injury research. With this opinion document, we provide the main take-home messages that emerged from the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark .,Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marti Casals
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barça Innovation Hub, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Merete Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natália Franco Netto Bittencourt
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sports Physical Therapy Department, Minas Tenis Clube, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Physical Therapy, Centro Universitário UniBH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Orthopedic department, Hospital of Southwestern Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Health and Society, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carolyn Emery
- Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rod Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Orjan Dahlstrom
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Babette M Pluim
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Medical Department, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University College London, London, UK
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morten Wang Fagerland
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karim M Khan
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Journal of Sports Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L Ardern
- Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Statement on Methods in Sport Injury Research From the First METHODS MATTER Meeting, Copenhagen, 2019. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:226-233. [PMID: 32354314 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-quality sports injury research can facilitate sports injury prevention and treatment. There is scope to improve how our field applies best-practice methods-methods matter (greatly!). The first METHODS MATTER meeting, held in January 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark, was the forum for an international group of researchers with expertise in research methods to discuss sports injury methods. We discussed important epidemiological and statistical topics within the field of sports injury research. With this opinion document, we provide the main take-home messages that emerged from the meeting. Meeting participants agreed that the definition of sport injury depends on the research question and context. It was considered essential to be explicit about the goal of the research effort and to use frameworks to illustrate the assumptions that underpin measurement and the analytical strategy. Complex systems were discussed to illustrate how potential risk factors can interact in a nonlinear way. This approach is often a useful alternative to identifying single risk factors. Investigating changes in exposure status over time is important when analyzing sport injury etiology, and analyzing recurrent injury, subsequent injury, or injury exacerbation remains challenging. The choice of statistical model should consider the research question, injury measure (eg, prevalence, incidence), type and granularity of injury data (categorical or continuous), and study design. Multidisciplinary collaboration will be a cornerstone for future high-quality sport injury research. Working outside professional silos in a diverse, multidisciplinary team benefits the research process, from the formulation of research questions and designs to the statistical analyses and dissemination of study results in implementation contexts. This article has been copublished in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(5):226-233. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9876.
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11
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Chen Y, Buggy C, Kelly S. Winning at all costs: a review of risk-taking behaviour and sporting injury from an occupational safety and health perspective. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:15. [PMID: 31049736 PMCID: PMC6497707 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0189-9#citeas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Professional athletes involved in high-performance sport are at a high injury risk, which may lead to long-term health consequences. Professional athletes often expose themselves to risky behaviours, resulting in a higher acceptance level of occupational risk compared to other occupations. To date, many studies have focused on elite athletes' specific injury prevention techniques. The objective of this narrative review is to (1) summarise elite athletes' attitudes towards important occupational safety and health (OSH) practices, including injury reporting, medicine usage and personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and (2) explore factors that may influence elite athletes' injury awareness. If injury awareness were given a similar weighting in elite sports as in any other highly physical occupation, the potential benefits to elite athletes and their long-term health could be highly significant. This review identifies that most elite athletes are not aware that sporting injuries are occupational injuries requiring behaviours determined by OSH rules. All the 39 studies identified met the moderate methodological quality criteria according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The factors impeding athletes' injury awareness from achieving occupational health standards are discussed from three safety management perspectives: organisational, societal and individual. This review contributes to a better understanding of how to build a positive safety culture, one that could reduce elite athletes' injury rate and improve their long-term wellbeing. Further research is required to develop a quantitative measurement instrument to evaluate occupational health awareness in the sport context. Based on the papers reviewed, the study population was categorised as elite, professional, high-performance amateur and student-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Chen
- Institute of Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Buggy
- Centre for Safety and Health at Work, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Kelly
- Institute of Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chen Y, Buggy C, Kelly S. Winning at all costs: a review of risk-taking behaviour and sporting injury from an occupational safety and health perspective. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:15. [PMID: 31049736 PMCID: PMC6497707 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Professional athletes involved in high-performance sport are at a high injury risk, which may lead to long-term health consequences. Professional athletes often expose themselves to risky behaviours, resulting in a higher acceptance level of occupational risk compared to other occupations. To date, many studies have focused on elite athletes' specific injury prevention techniques. The objective of this narrative review is to (1) summarise elite athletes' attitudes towards important occupational safety and health (OSH) practices, including injury reporting, medicine usage and personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and (2) explore factors that may influence elite athletes' injury awareness. If injury awareness were given a similar weighting in elite sports as in any other highly physical occupation, the potential benefits to elite athletes and their long-term health could be highly significant. This review identifies that most elite athletes are not aware that sporting injuries are occupational injuries requiring behaviours determined by OSH rules. All the 39 studies identified met the moderate methodological quality criteria according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The factors impeding athletes' injury awareness from achieving occupational health standards are discussed from three safety management perspectives: organisational, societal and individual. This review contributes to a better understanding of how to build a positive safety culture, one that could reduce elite athletes' injury rate and improve their long-term wellbeing. Further research is required to develop a quantitative measurement instrument to evaluate occupational health awareness in the sport context. Based on the papers reviewed, the study population was categorised as elite, professional, high-performance amateur and student-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Chen
- Institute of Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Buggy
- Centre for Safety and Health at Work, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Kelly
- Institute of Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Verhagen E, van Nassau F. Implementation science to reduce the prevalence and burden of MSK disorders following sport and exercise-related injury. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2019; 33:188-201. [PMID: 31431272 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although safety in sports and physical activity is an important prerequisite for continuing participation and maintenance of a healthy, physically active lifestyle, to date little effort has been placed upon moving evidence into preventive practice. Amongst researchers it is still often assumed that a program will disseminate itself after proven to be effective. Recently, however, there has been an increased recognition of the importance of theory-driven approaches to enhance implementation research. This manuscript aims to provide guidance for sports and physical activity injury researchers and practitioners to perform implementation research and practice. First, we will discuss the differences between research questions across the research spectrum and explain the 'drop' in effect when moving controlled evidence to a practical context. We will discuss two ways of increasing real-world effectiveness of preventive programs, i.e. through targeting the users' behaviour or through revising the intervention. Finally, we will present various implementation frameworks and tools that can guide the reader in their own efforts towards implementation practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Femke van Nassau
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Participation in sport and recreation has important positive implications for public health across the lifespan; however, the burden of sport-related musculoskeletal injury is significant, with the greatest risk being in youth and young adults. Moving upstream to primary prevention of injury is a public health priority that will have significant implications for reducing the long-term consequences of musculoskeletal injury including early post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The primary targets for the prevention of musculoskeletal injury in sport include neuromuscular training (NMT), rule modification, and equipment recommendations. Currently, there is significant high-quality evidence to support the widespread use of NMT warm up programs in team and youth sport, with an expected significant impact of reducing the risk of musculoskeletal injury by over 35%. Policy disallowing body checking in youth ice hockey has led to a >50% reduction in injuries, and rules limiting contact practice in youth American football has significant potential for injury prevention. There is evidence to support the use of bracing and taping in elite sport to reduce the risk of recurrent ankle sprain injury but not for use to prevent the primary injury, and wrist guards are protective of sprain injuries in snowboarding. Future research examining the maintenance of NMT programs across real-world sport and school settings, optimization of adherence, additional benefit of workload modification, and evaluation of rule changes in other sports is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Emery
- Chair Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.
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Abstract
Youth have very high participation and injury rates across sport and recreational activities, including in adventure and extreme sports. Sport and recreation is the leading cause of injury in youth and may lead to lower levels of physical activity, higher adiposity, and long-term consequences such as overweight/obesity, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, and post-concussion syndrome which can adversely affect future health. Injuries are predictable and preventable in youth sport, including adventure and extreme sport. However, injury prevention strategies can have a significant impact in reducing the number and severity of injuries in many sports. This article provides an evidence-informed overview on what is known about injury prevention strategies which have been evaluated in youth adventure and extreme sports. Recommendations to contribute to effective and sustainable injury prevention in youth adventure and extreme sports have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Emery
- a Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
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Working towards More Effective Implementation, Dissemination and Scale-Up of Lower-Limb Injury-Prevention Programs: Insights from Community Australian Football Coaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020351. [PMID: 29462913 PMCID: PMC5858420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disseminating lower-limb injury-prevention exercise programs (LL-IPEPs) with strategies that effectively reach coaches across sporting environments is a way of preventing lower-limb injuries (LLIs) and ensuring safe and sustainable sport participation. The aim of this study was to explore community-Australian Football (community-AF) coaches' perspectives on the strategies they believed would enhance the dissemination and scale-up of LL-IPEPs. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, semi-structured interviews with community-AF coaches in Victoria, Australia, were conducted. Overall, coaches believed a range of strategies were important including: coach education, policy drivers, overcoming potential problem areas, a 'try before you buy approach', presenting empirical evidence and guidelines for injury-prevention exercise programs (IPEPs), forming strategic collaboration and working in partnership, communication and social marketing, public meetings, development of a coach hotline, and targeted multi-focused approaches. A shift to a culture whereby evidence-based IPEP practices in community-AF will take time, and persistent commitment by all involved in the sport is important. This will support the creation of strategies that will enhance the dissemination and scale-up of LL-IPEPs across community sport environments. The focus of research needs to continue to identify effective, holistic and multi-level interventions to support coaches in preventing LLIs. This could lead to the determination of successful strategies such as behavioural regulation strategies and emotional coping resources to implement LL-IPEPs into didactic curricula and practice. Producing changes in practice will require attention to which strategies are a priority and the most effective.
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Jacobsson J, Bergin D, Timpka T, Nyce JM, Dahlström Ö. Injuries in youth track and field are perceived to have multiple-level causes that call for ecological (holistic-developmental) interventions: A national sporting community perceptions and experiences. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:348-355. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Swedish Athletics Association; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - D. Bergin
- Swedish Athletics Association; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. Timpka
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Centre for Healthcare Development; Region Östergötland Linköping Sweden
| | - J. M. Nyce
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Ö. Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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Ng K, Sigmundová D, Sigmund E, Pavelka J, Hamřík Z, Molcho M, Kalman M. Trends in Medically Attended Injuries in Czech Adolescents. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25 Suppl 1:S60-S63. [PMID: 28752751 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the importance of surveillance of injuries and accidents in the Czech Republic, the purpose of this study was to report the temporal trends of injuries of Czech adolescents between 2002 and 2014. METHODS Adolescents (N=20,038) from the Czech Republic, that took part in the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 HBSC study, reported the frequency of medically attended injuries in the past 12 months. Repeated binary logistic regressions with different years as reference categories were performed. RESULTS Less than half (44.7%) of all Czech adolescents reported they had experienced at least one medically attended injuries in the past 12 months, with boys experiencing more injuries than girls (p<0.001), and the injuries were more common in older adolescents. Fewer boys reported injury in 2014 when compared to 2002 (OR, CI: 0.81, 0.72-0.90), there was also a significant decrease in injuries among girls between 2014 and 2006 (OR, CI: 0.77, 0.69-0.86). CONCLUSIONS The trend was not linear amongst boys. Along with improved safety promotion education, the rate of injuries decreased among adolescents between the years 2002 and 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Ng
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dagmar Sigmundová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pavelka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Hamřík
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Molcho
- School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michal Kalman
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Objectives The aim of our scoping review was to identify and summarize current evidence on the biomechanics of fencing to inform athlete development and injury prevention. Design Scoping review. Method Peer-reviewed research was identified from electronic databases using a structured keyword search. Details regarding experimental design, study group characteristics and measured outcomes were extracted from retrieved studies, summarized and information regrouped under themes for analysis. The methodological quality of the evidence was evaluated. Results Thirty-seven peer-reviewed studies were retrieved, the majority being observational studies conducted with experienced and elite athletes. The methodological quality of the evidence was “fair” due to the limited scope of research. Male fencers were the prevalent group studied, with the lunge and use of a foil weapon being the principal movement evaluated. Motion capture and pedabarography were the most frequently used data collection techniques. Conclusions Elite fencers exhibited sequential coordination of upper and lower limb movements with coherent patterns of muscle activation, compared to novice fencers. These elite features of neuromuscular coordination resulted in higher magnitudes of forward linear velocity of the body center of mass and weapon. Training should focus on explosive power. Sex- and equipment-specific effects could not be evaluated based on available research.
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Sanli I, Morgan B, van Tilborg F, Funk L, Gosens T. Single injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of refractory distal biceps tendonitis: long-term results of a prospective multicenter cohort study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:2308-12. [PMID: 25502475 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a lack of evidence regarding the use of PRP in the treatment of distal biceps tendonitis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided injection of PRP in relieving pain and functional impairment in the treatment of refractory distal biceps tendonitis. METHODS Twelve patients from two large tertiary referral hospitals were recruited over a period of 20 months. Clinical diagnosis of distal biceps tendonitis was confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging. All patients had a single US-guided injection of PRP carried out by the two senior authors. Patients were objectively assessed for clinical and functional improvement using visual analogue (VAS) rest and activity pain scores, subjective satisfaction scale, elbow functional assessment (EFA) and isometric muscular (biceps) strength. Symptom severity and subsequent functional outcome were measured pre-injection and at final follow-up. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 47 months (36-52 months), all patients showed significant improvement in pain (p < 0.002) and functional outcome (p < 0.004). Median resting VAS score improved from 6 (3-8) to 0.5 (0-2) and the activity VAS score improved from 8 (6-9) to 2.5 (0-4). EFA improved from 63 to 90. In the English cases, isometric muscular strength also showed significant improvement. All patients were satisfied with the clinical and functional outcomes at final follow-up. CONCLUSION US-guided PRP injection seems to be an effective treatment modality for symptomatic refractory distal biceps tendonitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Sanli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Barnes Morgan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK
| | - Fiek van Tilborg
- Department of Radiology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard Funk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK
| | - Taco Gosens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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Bekker S, Finch CF. Too much information? A document analysis of sport safety resources from key organisations. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010877. [PMID: 27154480 PMCID: PMC4861105 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The field of sport injury prevention has seen a marked increase in published research in recent years, with concomitant proliferation of lay sport safety resources, such as policies, fact sheets and posters. The aim of this study was to catalogue and categorise the number, type and topic focus of sport safety resources from a representative set of key organisations. DESIGN Cataloguing and qualitative document analysis of resources available from the websites of six stakeholder organisations in Australia. SETTING This study was part of a larger investigation, the National Guidance for Australian Football Partnerships and Safety (NoGAPS) project. PARTICIPANTS The NoGAPS study provided the context for a purposive sampling of six organisations involved in the promotion of safety in Australian football. These partners are recognised as being highly representative of organisations at national and state level that reflect similarly in their goals around sport safety promotion in Australia. RESULTS The catalogue comprised 284 resources. More of the practical and less prescriptive types of resources, such as fact sheets, than formal policies were found. Resources for the prevention of physical injuries were the predominant sport safety issue addressed, with risk management, environmental issues and social behaviours comprising other categories. Duplication of resources for specific safety issues, within and across organisations, was found. CONCLUSIONS People working within sport settings have access to a proliferation of resources, which creates a potential rivalry for sourcing of injury prevention information. Important issues that are likely to influence the uptake of safety advice by the general sporting public include the sheer number of resources available, and the overlap and duplication of resources addressing the same issues. The existence of a large number of resources from reputable organisations does not mean that they are necessarily evidence based, fully up to date or even effective in supporting sport safety behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheree Bekker
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Jacobsson J, Timpka T. Classification of Prevention in Sports Medicine and Epidemiology. Sports Med 2015; 45:1483-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Emery CA, Roos EM, Verhagen E, Finch CF, Bennell KL, Story B, Spindler K, Kemp J, Lohmander LS. OARSI Clinical Trials Recommendations: Design and conduct of clinical trials for primary prevention of osteoarthritis by joint injury prevention in sport and recreation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:815-25. [PMID: 25952352 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) substantially increases following joint injury. Research efforts should focus on investigating the efficacy of preventative strategies in high quality randomized controlled trials (RCT). The objective of these OARSI RCT recommendations is to inform the design, conduct and analytical approaches to RCTs evaluating the preventative effect of joint injury prevention strategies. Recommendations regarding the design, conduct, and reporting of RCTs evaluating injury prevention interventions were established based on the consensus of nine researchers internationally with expertise in epidemiology, injury prevention and/or osteoarthritis (OA). Input and resultant consensus was established through teleconference, face to face and email correspondence over a 1 year period. Recommendations for injury prevention RCTs include context specific considerations regarding the research question, research design, study participants, randomization, baseline characteristics, intervention, outcome measurement, analysis, implementation, cost evaluation, reporting and future considerations including the impact on development of PTOA. Methodological recommendations for injury prevention RCTs are critical to informing evidence-based practice and policy decisions in health care, public health and the community. Recommendations regarding the interpretation and conduct of injury prevention RCTs will inform the highest level of evidence in the field. These recommendations will facilitate between study comparisons to inform best practice in injury prevention that will have the greatest public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - E M Roos
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - E Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health of the VU University Medical Center and EMGO Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - C F Finch
- Centre for Healthy and Safe Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia.
| | - K L Bennell
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - B Story
- DePuy Synthes, Mitek Sports Medicine, Raynham, MA, USA.
| | - K Spindler
- Research in the Orthopaedic & Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - J Kemp
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University, Australia.
| | - L S Lohmander
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Scott-Parker B, MacKay JM. Research and practice in a multidimensional world: a commentary on the contribution of the third dimension of the Haddon matrix to injury prevention. Inj Prev 2015; 21:131-2. [PMID: 25716976 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridie Scott-Parker
- University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), Faculty of Arts and Business (FAB), University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
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25
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Dahlström Ö, Jacobsson J, Timpka T. Overcoming the organization-practice barrier in sports injury prevention: A nonhierarchical organizational model. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e414-22. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ö. Dahlström
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - J. Jacobsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - T. Timpka
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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26
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Howard AF, Costich JF, Mattacola CG, Slavova S, Bush HM, Scutchfield FD. A statewide assessment of youth sports- and recreation-related injuries using emergency department administrative records. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:627-32. [PMID: 25060289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adequate levels of physical activity are essential for health, but participation in sports and recreational physical activities is associated with an increased risk of injury. The present study quantifies the impact of sports- and recreation-related injuries (SRIs) for middle and high school-aged Kentucky children. METHODS The study describes unintentional injuries in 2010-2012 Kentucky emergency department (ED) administrative records for patients age 10-18 years. SRIs were identified based on external codes of injuries, according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. RESULTS A total of 163,252 ED visits by 10- to 18-year olds occurred during the study period, of which 31,898 (20%) were related to participation in physical activity. Males accounted for 70% of the SRIs. The primary mechanisms for SRIs were strikings (55%), falls (26%), and overexertion (13%). Superficial contusions (25%), sprains/strains (33%), and fractures (18%) were the primary diagnoses. The total charges billed for SRIs exceeded $40 million, or 19% of the total charges billed for all unintentional injury-related ED visits in this age group. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed one fifth of all Kentucky ED visits, and ED charges billed for unintentional injury among youth aged 10-18 years were related to sport and recreation. In the absence of a dedicated SRI surveillance system, ED administrative records provide meaningful utility for conducting statewide assessments of adolescent SRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex F Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky.
| | - Julia F Costich
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Carl G Mattacola
- Division of Athletic Training, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Svetla Slavova
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Heather M Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - F Douglas Scutchfield
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky
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27
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Donaldson A, Newton J, McCrory P, White P, Davis G, Makdissi M, Finch CF. Translating Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Sports-Related Concussion Into Practice. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014; 10:120-135. [PMID: 30202266 DOI: 10.1177/1559827614538751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports injuries are a significant clinical and public health concern. There is a growing call to improve the translation of available evidence-based and expert-informed sports injury prevention interventions into sustained use in practice by physicians and others (eg, athletic trainers, coaches, and parents) who care for injured athletes. This article provides a brief overview of the current sport injury prevention implementation literature before focusing specifically on the translation of guidelines (including consensus and position statements) developed to assist physicians and others diagnose and manage athletes with sport-related concussion and the associated return-to-play decisions. The outcomes of more than 20 published studies indicate that physician, athletic trainer, coach, parent, and athlete knowledge, use of, and compliance with sport-related concussion guidelines are limited. More concerted, coordinated, and theory-informed efforts are required to facilitate the widespread dissemination, translation, and implementation of such guidelines. An example is provided of how implementation drivers could be used to inform the development of a comprehensive, multilevel implementation strategy targeting the individual, organizational, and system-level changes necessary to support the translation of available sport-related concussion guidelines in both the clinical and sports settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Donaldson
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia (AD, PW, CFF, PM).,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia (JN).,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (PM, GD, MM).,Department of Neurosurgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (GD)
| | - Joshua Newton
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia (AD, PW, CFF, PM).,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia (JN).,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (PM, GD, MM).,Department of Neurosurgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (GD)
| | - Paul McCrory
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia (AD, PW, CFF, PM).,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia (JN).,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (PM, GD, MM).,Department of Neurosurgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (GD)
| | - Peta White
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia (AD, PW, CFF, PM).,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia (JN).,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (PM, GD, MM).,Department of Neurosurgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (GD)
| | - Gavin Davis
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia (AD, PW, CFF, PM).,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia (JN).,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (PM, GD, MM).,Department of Neurosurgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (GD)
| | - Michael Makdissi
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia (AD, PW, CFF, PM).,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia (JN).,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (PM, GD, MM).,Department of Neurosurgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (GD)
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia (AD, PW, CFF, PM).,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia (JN).,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (PM, GD, MM).,Department of Neurosurgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (GD)
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Verhagen E, Voogt N, Bruinsma A, Finch CF. A knowledge transfer scheme to bridge the gap between science and practice: an integration of existing research frameworks into a tool for practice. Br J Sports Med 2013; 48:698-701. [PMID: 23757487 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of effectiveness does not equal successful implementation. To progress the field, practical tools are needed to bridge the gap between research and practice and to truly unite effectiveness and implementation evidence. This paper describes the Knowledge Transfer Scheme integrating existing implementation research frameworks into a tool which has been developed specifically to bridge the gap between knowledge derived from research on the one side and evidence-based usable information and tools for practice on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Kullberg A, Nordqvist C, Lindqvist K, Timpka T. Examining quality function deployment in safety promotion in Sweden. Health Promot Int 2013; 29:414-26. [PMID: 23322486 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/das079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first-hand needs and demands of laypersons are not always considered when safety promotion programmes are being developed. We compared focal areas for interventions identified from residents' statements of safety needs with focal areas for interventions identified by local government professionals in a Swedish urban community certified by the international Safe Community movement supported by the World Health Organization. Quantitative and qualitative data on self-expressed safety needs from 787 housing residents were transformed into an intervention design, using the quality function deployment (QFD) technique and compared with the safety intervention programme developed by professionals at the municipality administrative office. The outcome of the comparison was investigated with regard to implications for the Safe Community movement. The QFD analysis identified the initiation and maintenance of social integrative processes in housing areas as the most highly prioritized interventions among the residents, but failed to highlight the safety needs of several vulnerable groups (the elderly, infants and persons with disabilities). The intervention programme designed by the public health professionals did not address the social integrative processes, but it did highlight the vulnerable groups. This study indicates that the QFD technique is suitable for providing residential safety promotion efforts with a quality orientation from the layperson's perspective. Views of public health professionals have to be included to ascertain that the needs of socially deprived residents are adequately taken into account. QFD can augment the methodological toolbox for safety promotion programmes, including interventions in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Kullberg
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Nordqvist
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kent Lindqvist
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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30
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A qualitative study on overuse injuries: The beliefs of athletes and coaches. J Sci Med Sport 2012; 15:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.11.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Backe S, Janson S, Timpka T. Governance and implementation of sports safety practices by municipal offices in Swedish communities. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2011; 19:163-9. [PMID: 22126404 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2011.635212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore whether all-purpose health or safety promotion programmes and sports safety policies affect sports safety practices in local communities. Case study research methods were used to compare sports safety activities among offices in 73 Swedish municipalities; 28 with ongoing health or safety promotion programmes and 45 controls. The offices in municipalities with the WHO Healthy Cities (HC) or Safe Communities programmes were more likely to perform frequent inspections of sports facilities, and offices in the WHO HC programme were more likely to involve sports clubs in inspections. More than every second, property management office and environmental protection office conducted sports safety inspections compared with less than one in four planning offices and social welfare offices. It is concluded that all-purpose health and safety promotion programmes can reach out to have an effect on sports safety practices in local communities. These safety practices also reflect administrative work routines and managerial traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Backe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden.
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32
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Verhagen EALM, van Stralen MM, van Mechelen W. Behaviour, the key factor for sports injury prevention. Sports Med 2011; 40:899-906. [PMID: 20942507 DOI: 10.2165/11536890-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Safety in sports and physical activity is an important prerequisite for continuing participation in sports, as well as for maintenance of a healthy physically active lifestyle. For this reason, prevention, reduction and control of sports injuries are important goals for society as a whole. Recent advances in sports medicine discuss the need for research on real-life injury prevention. Such views call for a more behavioural approach when it comes to actual sports injury prevention. Nevertheless, the role of behaviour in sports injury prevention remains under-researched. In order to push the field of sports injury prevention forward, this article provides an overview of the relationship between behaviour and sports injury risk. Different types of behaviour relate to injury risk factors and injury mechanisms. Behaviour that influences risk factors and injury mechanisms is not confined only to the athlete. Various types of behaviour by, for example, the coach, referee, physical therapist or sports associations, also influence risk factors and injury mechanisms. In addition, multiple behaviours often act together. Some types of behaviour may directly affect injury risk and are by definition a risk factor. Other behaviours may only affect risk factors and injury mechanisms, and influence injury risk indirectly. Recent ideas on injury prevention that call for studies on real-life injury prevention still rely heavily on preventive measures that are established through efficacy research. A serious limitation in such an approach is that one expects that proven preventive measures will be adopted if the determinants and influences of sports safety behaviours are understood. Therefore, if one truly wants to prevent sports injuries in a real-life situation, a broader research focus is needed. In trying to do so, we need to look at lessons learned from other fields of injury prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert A L M Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Finch CF, Mitchell R, Boufous S. Trends in hospitalised sport/leisure injuries in New South Wales, Australia--implications for the targetting of population-focussed preventive sports medicine efforts. J Sci Med Sport 2010; 14:15-21. [PMID: 20619733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sport/leisure injuries are a population health issue in Australia. Over 2003-2004 to 2007-2008, the rate of sport/leisure injury NSW hospitalisations was 195.5/100,000 residents. Males and children/young people had consistently highest rates of hospitalisation. There was no significant decline in rates over this period and no change in the profiles of the types of sport/leisure injuries. The extent to which effective preventive programs have been developed and implemented needs to be determined as current programs do not seem to be impacting on hospitalisation rates. Medical/health promotion agencies and sports bodies need to jointly formulate and implement policies to reduce sport/leisure injuries. This is one of the most significant challenges facing sports medicine professionals today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Finch
- School of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Ballarat, Australia.
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34
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King DA, Hume PA, Milburn PD, Guttenbeil D. Match and training injuries in rugby league: a review of published studies. Sports Med 2010; 40:163-78. [PMID: 20092367 DOI: 10.2165/11319740-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rugby league is an international collision sport played by junior, amateur, semiprofessional and professional players. The game requires participants to be involved in physically demanding activities such as running, tackling, passing and sprinting, and musculoskeletal injuries are common. A review of injuries in junior and senior rugby league players published in Sports Medicine in 2004 reported that injuries to the head and neck and muscular injuries were common in senior rugby league players, while fractures and injuries to the knee were common in junior players. This current review updates the descriptive data on rugby league epidemiology and adds information for semiprofessional, amateur and junior levels of participation in both match and training environments using studies identified through searches of PubMed, CINHAL, Ovid, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and SportDiscus databases. This review also discusses the issues surrounding the definitions of injury exposure, injury rate, injury severity and classification of injury site and type for rugby league injuries. Studies on the incidence of injuries in rugby league have suffered from inconsistencies in the injury definitions utilized. Some studies on rugby league injuries have utilized a criterion of a missed matchas an injury definition, total injury incidences or a combination of both time-loss and non-time-loss injuries, while other studies have incorporated a medical treatment injury definition. Efforts to establish a standard definition for rugby league injuries have been difficult, especially as some researchers were not in favour of a definition that was all-encompassing and enabled non-time-loss injuries to be recorded. A definition of rugby league injury has been suggested based on agreement by a group of international researchers. The majority of injuries occur in the match environment, with rates typically increasing as the playing level increases. However, professional level injury rates were reportedly less than semiprofessional participation. Only a few studies have reported training injuries in rugby league, where injury rates were reported to be less than match injuries. Approximately 16-30% of all rugby league injuries have been reported as severe, which places demands upon other team members and, if the player returns to playing too early, places them at an increased risk of further injuries. Early research in rugby league identified that ligament and joint injuries were the common injuries, occurring primarily to the knee. More recently, studies have shown a change in anatomical injury sites at all levels of participation. Although the lower limb was the frequent injury region reported previously, the shoulder has now been reported to be the most common injury site. Changes in injury site and type could be used to prompt further research and development of injury reduction programmes to readdress the issue of injuries that occur as a result of participation in rugby league activities. Further research is warranted at all participation levels of rugby league in both the match and training environments to confirm the strongest risk factors for injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug A King
- Emergency Department, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
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35
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Fong DT, Chan YY, Mok KM, Yung PS, Chan KM. Understanding acute ankle ligamentous sprain injury in sports. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2009; 1:14. [PMID: 19640309 PMCID: PMC2724472 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2555-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the current understanding on acute ankle sprain injury, which is the most common acute sport trauma, accounting for about 14% of all sport-related injuries. Among, 80% are ligamentous sprains caused by explosive inversion or supination. The injury motion often happens at the subtalar joint and tears the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) which possesses the lowest ultimate load among the lateral ligaments at the ankle. For extrinsic risk factors to ankle sprain injury, prescribing orthosis decreases the risk while increased exercise intensity in soccer raises the risk. For intrinsic factors, a foot size with increased width, an increased ankle eversion to inversion strength, plantarflexion strength and ratio between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength, and limb dominance could increase the ankle sprain injury risk. Players with a previous sprain history, players wearing shoes with air cells, players who do not stretch before exercising, players with inferior single leg balance, and overweight players are 4.9, 4.3, 2.6, 2.4 and 3.9 times more likely to sustain an ankle sprain injury. The aetiology of most ankle sprain injuries is incorrect foot positioning at landing – a medially-deviated vertical ground reaction force causes an explosive supination or inversion moment at the subtalar joint in a short time (about 50 ms). Another aetiology is the delayed reaction time of the peroneal muscles at the lateral aspect of the ankle (60–90 ms). The failure supination or inversion torque is about 41–45 Nm to cause ligamentous rupture in simulated spraining tests on cadaver. A previous case report revealed that the ankle joint reached 48 degrees inversion and 10 degrees internal rotation during an accidental grade I ankle ligamentous sprain injury during a dynamic cutting trial in laboratory. Diagnosis techniques and grading systems vary, but the management of ankle ligamentous sprain injury is mainly conservative. Immobilization should not be used as it results in joint stiffness, muscle atrophy and loss of proprioception. Traditional Chinese medicine such as herbs, massage and acupuncture were well applied in China in managing sports injuries, and was reported to be effective in relieving pain, reducing swelling and edema, and restoring normal ankle function. Finally, the best practice of sports medicine would be to prevent the injury. Different previous approaches, including designing prophylactice devices, introducing functional interventions, as well as change of games rules were highlighted. This paper allows the readers to catch up with the previous researches on ankle sprain injury, and facilitate the future research idea on sport-related ankle sprain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tp Fong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yue-Yan Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kam-Ming Mok
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Patrick Sh Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kai-Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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36
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Kokko S, Kannas L, Villberg J. Health promotion profile of youth sports clubs in Finland: club officials' and coaches' perceptions. Health Promot Int 2009; 24:26-35. [PMID: 19136676 PMCID: PMC2639308 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dan040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to examine the current health promotion orientation of youth sports clubs in Finland in view of the standards created previously for the health promoting sports club (HPSC). Ninety-seven youth sports clubs participated, and 273 sports club officials and 240 coaches answered the questionnaires. To describe clubs health promotion orientations, an HPSC index was created. The HPSC index was formulated on sub-indices by factor analysis. The sub-indices were: policy, ideology, practice and environment indexes. The results indicate that youth sports clubs are fairly health promoting in general. On average, the clubs fulfilled 12 standards for HPSC out of 22. Every fourth club was categorized as higher health promoting (≥ 15 fulfilled standards), and every third as lower health promoting (<11 fulfilled standards). The variation between clubs was wide. The clubs that had been recognized as exemplary and hence certified by the Young Finland Association were more likely to recognize health promotion than non-certified clubs (OR = 2.36, p = 0.016). The sports club officials were twice as likely to evaluate their clubs as higher health promoting than the coaches (OR = 2.04, p = 0.041). Under the sub-indices, ideologies were recognized best, others less. These findings indicate that minority of the youth sports clubs have realized health promotion comprehensively as a part of their activities. There is a lot of need for development, especially in the area of health promotion policies and practices. The instruments used proved valid and reliable and can therefore be recommended for international use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Kokko
- Research Center for Health Promotion, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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37
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Sánchez M, Anitua E, Orive G, Mujika I, Andia I. Platelet-Rich Therapies in the Treatment of Orthopaedic Sport Injuries. Sports Med 2009; 39:345-54. [DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200939050-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Chan KM, Fong DTP, Hong Y, Yung PSH, Lui PPY. Orthopaedic sport biomechanics - a new paradigm. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2008; 23 Suppl 1:S21-30. [PMID: 18054416 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes a new paradigm, "Orthopaedic sport biomechanics", for the understanding of the role of biomechanics in preventing and managing sports injury. Biomechanics has three main roles in this paradigm: (1) injury prevention, (2) immediate evaluation of treatment, and (3) long-term outcome evaluation. Related previous studies showing the approach in preventing and managing anterior cruciate ligament rupture and anterior talofibular ligament tear are highlighted. Orthopaedics and biomechanics specialists are encouraged to understand what they could contribute to the current and future practice of sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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39
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Abstract
In this review we analyse the data from the literature on fencing with the aim of creating a psychobiological and multi-factorial model of fencing performance. Fencing is an open-skilled combat sport that was admitted to the first modern Olympic Games in Athens (1896). It is mainly practised indoors, with three different weapons: the foil, the sabre and the épée, each contested with different rules. A fencing international tournament may last between 9 and 11 hours. Bouts represent only 18% of total competition time, with an effective fight time of between 17 and 48 minutes. The physical demands of fencing competitions are high, involving the aerobic and anaerobic alactic and lactic metabolisms, and are also affected by age, sex, level of training and technical and tactical models utilized in relation to the adversary. The anthropometrical characteristics of fencers show a typical asymmetry of the limbs as a result of the practice of an asymmetrical sport activity. Fencing produces typical functional asymmetries that emphasize the very high level of specific function, strength and control required in this sport. Moreover, the physical demands of fencing are closely linked to the perceptual and psychological ones, and all are subjected to a continuous succession of changes during the bouts based on the behaviour of the opponent. For this reason it is difficult to identify a significant relationship between any one physiological characteristic and performance, and performance is more likely to be influenced by perceptual and neuro-physiological characteristics. Fencers need to anticipate the opponent and to mask their true intentions with a game of feints and counter-feints, which must be supported by an adequate psycho-physical condition to prevent central and peripheral fatigue. Fencing is not particularly dangerous; however, there is a fine line between a fatal lesion and a simple wound from a broken blade. The suggestions for injury prevention fall into three primary areas: (i) actions that can be taken by participants; (ii) improvements in equipment and facilities; and (iii) administration of fencing competitions. As in every other sport, the prevention of accidents must be accomplished at various levels and above all must involve the institutions that are responsible for safety in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio S Roi
- Education and Research Department Isokinetic, Bologna, Italy.
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40
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Timpka T, Finch CF, Goulet C, Noakes T, Yammine K. Meeting the Global Demand of Sports Safety. Sports Med 2008; 38:795-805. [DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838100-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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41
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Timpka T, Risto O, Björmsjö M. Boys soccer league injuries: a community-based study of time-loss from sports participation and long-term sequelae. Eur J Public Health 2007; 18:19-24. [PMID: 17569703 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckm050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth soccer is important for keeping European children physically active. The aim of this study is to examine injuries sustained in a community soccer league for boys with regard to age-related incidence, time lost from participation and long-term sequelae. METHODS Primary injury data was collected from a soccer league including 1800 players, comprising approximately 25% of all boys 13-16 years of age in three Swedish municipalities (population 150 000). Injuries were primarily identified based on a time loss definition of sports injury. At the end of the season, a physician interviewed every player who reported injured to determine whether there were any remaining sequelae. If a sequela was confirmed, the physician repeated the interview 6, 18 and 48 months after the end of the season. RESULTS Forty-four injuries were recorded during 18 720 player game hours (2.4 injuries per 1000 player game hours). The highest injury incidence (6.8 injuries per 1000 player game hours) was recorded in the first-year elite divisions. Thirty-two injuries (73%) were categorized as moderate-severe, and 21 injuries (48%) required medical attention. Eight injuries caused sequelae that remained 6 months after the end of the season, and 3 injuries caused sequelae that lasted 4 years after the injury event. CONCLUSION An overall low injury rate makes soccer a suitable sport for inclusion in programmes that promote physical activity among children. When organizing soccer leagues for boys, injury prevention programmes should be provided to adolescent players when they begin playing in competitive divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toomas Timpka
- Section of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Health and Society, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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