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Plavc L, Skubic C, Dolenc Grošelj L, Rozman D. Variants in the circadian clock genes PER2 and PER3 associate with familial sleep phase disorders. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:757-766. [PMID: 38695651 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2348016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Delayed sleep phase disorder and advanced sleep phase disorder cause disruption of the circadian clock and present with extreme morning/evening chronotype with unclear role of the genetic etiology, especially for delayed sleep phase disorder. To assess if genotyping can aid in clinical diagnosis, we examined the presence of genetic variants in circadian clock genes previously linked to both sleep disorders in Slovenian patient cohort. Based on Morning-evening questionnaire, we found 15 patients with extreme chronotypes, 13 evening and 2 morning, and 28 controls. Sanger sequencing was used to determine the presence of carefully selected candidate SNPs in regions of the CSNK1D, PER2/3 and CRY1 genes. In a patient with an extreme morning chronotype and a family history of circadian sleep disorder we identified two heterozygous missense variants in PER3 gene, c.1243C>G (NM_001377275.1 (p.Pro415Ala)) and c.1250A>G (NM_001377275.1 (p.His417Arg)). The variants were significantly linked to Advanced sleep phase disorder and were also found in proband's father with extreme morningness. Additionally, a rare SNP was found in PER2 gene in a patient with clinical picture of Delayed sleep phase disorder. The novel variant in PER2 (NM_022817.3):c.1901-218 G>T was found in proband's parent with eveningness, indicating an autosomal dominant inheritance. We identified a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of two PER3 heterozygous variants that can be linked to Advanced sleep phase disorder. We revealed also a rare hereditary form of Delayed sleep phase disorder with a new PER2 variant with autosomal dominant inheritance, shedding the light into the genetic causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Plavc
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cene Skubic
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leja Dolenc Grošelj
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Moustakli E, Tsonis O. Exploring Hormone Therapy Effects on Reproduction and Health in Transgender Individuals. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2094. [PMID: 38138197 PMCID: PMC10744413 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgender individuals often face elevated mental health challenges due to gender dysphoria, but gender-affirming treatments such as surgery and hormone therapy have been linked to significant improvements in mental well-being. The potential influence of time and circadian rhythms on these treatments is prevalent. The intricate interplay between hormones, clock genes, and fertility is profound, acknowledging the complexity of reproductive health in transgender individuals. Furthermore, risks associated with gender-affirming hormonal therapy and potential complications of puberty suppression emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance for these patients and the need of fertility preservation and family-building options for transgender individuals. This narrative review delves into the intricate landscape of hormone therapy for transgender individuals, shedding light on its impact on bone, cardiovascular, and overall health. It explores how hormone therapy affects bone maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors, outlining the complex interplay of testosterone and estrogen. It also underscores the necessity for further research, especially regarding the long-term effects of transgender hormones. This project emphasizes the critical role of healthcare providers, particularly obstetricians and gynecologists, in providing affirming care, calling for comprehensive understanding and integration of transgender treatments. This review will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of hormone therapy on reproductive health and overall well-being in transgender individuals. It will provide valuable insights for healthcare providers, policymakers, and transgender individuals themselves, informing decision-making regarding hormone therapy and fertility preservation options. Additionally, by identifying research gaps, this review will guide future studies to address the evolving healthcare needs of transgender individuals. This project represents a critical step toward addressing the complex healthcare needs of this population. By synthesizing existing knowledge and highlighting areas for further investigation, this review aims to improve the quality of care and support provided to transgender individuals, ultimately enhancing their reproductive health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Moustakli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Orestis Tsonis
- Fertility Preservation Service, Assisted Conception Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
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3
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Bagherifard A, Hosseinzadeh A, Koosha F, Sheibani M, Karimi-Behnagh A, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin and bone-related diseases: an updated mechanistic overview of current evidence and future prospects. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1677-1701. [PMID: 37393580 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone diseases account for an enormous cost burden on health systems. Bone disorders are considered as age-dependent diseases. The aging of world population has encouraged scientists to further explore the most effective preventive modalities and therapeutic strategies to overcome and reduce the high cost of bone disorders. Herein, we review the current evidence of melatonin's therapeutic effects on bone-related diseases. METHODS This review summarized evidences from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies regarding the effects of melatonin on bone-related diseases, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms. Electronically, Scopus and MEDLINE®/PubMed databases were searched for articles published on melatonin and bone-related diseases from inception to June 2023. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that melatonin has beneficial effect in bone- and cartilage-related disorders such as osteoporosis, bone fracture healing, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, in addition to the control of sleep and circadian rhythms. CONCLUSION A number of animal and clinical studies have indicated that various biological effects of melatonin may suggest this molecule as an effective therapeutic agent for controlling, diminishing, or suppressing bone-related disorders. Therefore, further clinical studies are required to clarify whether melatonin can be effective in patients with bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Bagherifard
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Koosha
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Samizadeh MA, Fallah H, Toomarisahzabi M, Rezaei F, Rahimi-Danesh M, Akhondzadeh S, Vaseghi S. Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review on Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Sleep Disturbances, REM Behavior Disorder, and Melatonin. Brain Sci 2023; 13:914. [PMID: 37371392 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. There is a wide range of sleep disturbances in patients with PD, such as insomnia and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (or REM behavior disorder (RBD)). RBD is a sleep disorder in which a patient acts out his/her dreams and includes abnormal behaviors during the REM phase of sleep. On the other hand, melatonin is the principal hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland and significantly modulates the circadian clock and mood state. Furthermore, melatonin has a wide range of regulatory effects and is a safe treatment for sleep disturbances such as RBD in PD. However, the molecular mechanisms of melatonin involved in the treatment or control of RBD are unknown. In this study, we reviewed the pathophysiology of PD and sleep disturbances, including RBD. We also discussed the potential molecular mechanisms of melatonin involved in its therapeutic effect. It was concluded that disruption of crucial neurotransmitter systems that mediate sleep, including norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, and important neurotransmitter systems that mediate the REM phase, including acetylcholine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, are significantly involved in the induction of sleep disturbances, including RBD in PD. It was also concluded that accumulation of α-synuclein in sleep-related brain regions can disrupt sleep processes and the circadian rhythm. We suggested that new treatment strategies for sleep disturbances in PD may focus on the modulation of α-synuclein aggregation or expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Samizadeh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| | - Hamed Fallah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Toomarisahzabi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Rezaei
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Rahimi-Danesh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13337159140, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
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YAZICI S, ÖNCÜ ÇETİNKAYA B. Sleep Disorders during Adolescence. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1105463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders during adolescence period increase each year and adversely affect the physical and mental health of adolescents. After-school social activities and various work outside the school may cause delays in bedtime. In addition, there can be shifts in the circadian rhythm due to a number of biological changes seen in the transition to adolescence, which can result in a wide range of sleep problems, such as not being able to fall asleep at night, difficulty waking up in the morning, daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation and deterioration in sleep quality. It is important to know the causes of sleep disorders, possible effects on physical health and mental health, and protective and risk-forming factors seen in adolescent period; to intervene in these disorders and to develop preventive measures. Preventive measures, such as increasing awareness about sleep disorders in adolescents, informing families and adolescents about the issue, and organizing school start-up times for this age group, may contribute significantly to solving this important issue, which has increased year-to-year.
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Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Spanoudaki M, Dakanalis A, Vasios GK, Voulgaridou G, Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. Evaluating the Relationship between Circadian Rhythms and Sleep, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders: Current Clinical Evidence in Human Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 36984810 PMCID: PMC10057970 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian clock, a self-sustained internal timing system that exhibits 24-h rhythms in the body. Many metabolic, cellular, behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the circadian clock in coordination with environmental cues. The present study is a comprehensive review of the currently existing evidence concerning the relationship between circadian rhythms and sleep, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. We thoroughly searched the online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find the existing clinical studies from the last twenty-three years (2000-2023). Circadian misalignment was found to be associated with an increase in the risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, as well as inadequate sleep quality. In this review article, all the included studies had a strength protocol design and all of them were conducted on humans. However, the most common limitations of them were the small sample size and the short time of the intervention. In conclusion, managing the factors that disrupt the optimal function of central and peripheral clocks can help to reduce the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, improving also sleep quality. Future studies should further explore the underlying mechanisms of the interconnections between circadian clocks and sleep, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. This may provide new opportunities for advance chronotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinical Dietetics & Nutrition Department of 424 General Military Hospital, New Efkarpia Ring Road, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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7
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Yang H, Yang K, Zhang L, Yang N, Mei YX, Zheng YL, He Y, Gong YJ, Ding WJ. Acupuncture ameliorates Mobile Phone Addiction with sleep disorders and restores salivary metabolites rhythm. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1106100. [PMID: 36896350 PMCID: PMC9989025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mobile Phone Addiction (MPA) is a novel behavioral addiction resulting in circadian rhythm disorders that severely affect mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to detect rhythmic salivary metabolites in MPA with sleep disorder (MPASD) subjects and investigate the effects of acupuncture. METHODS Six MPASD patients and six healthy controls among the volunteers were enrolled by MPA Tendency Scale (MPATS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), then the salivary samples of MPASD and healthy controls were collected every 4-h for three consecutive days. Acupuncture was administered for 7 days to MPASD subjects, then saliva samples were collected again. Salivary metabolomes were analyzed with the method of LC-MS. RESULT According to our investigation, 70 (57.85%) MPA patients and 56 (46.28%) MPASD patients were identified among 121 volunteers. The symptoms of the 6 MPASD subjects were significantly alleviated after acupuncture intervention. The number of rhythmic saliva metabolites dropped sharply in MPASD subjects and restored after acupuncture. Representative rhythmic saliva metabolites including melatonin, 2'-deoxyuridine, thymidine, thymidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate lost rhythm and restored after acupuncture, which may attribute to promising MPASD treatment and diagnosis biomarkers. The rhythmic saliva metabolites of healthy controls were mainly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, whereas polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis was mainly enriched in MPASD patients. CONCLUSION This study revealed circadian rhythm characteristics of salivary metabolites in MPASD and that acupuncture could ameliorate MPASD by restoring part of the dysrhythmia salivary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Mei
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Li Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ju Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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8
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Correlation between shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among male workers in the steel manufacturing company of Korea: a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e33. [PMID: 36544884 PMCID: PMC9748156 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian rhythm disturbance caused by shift work has adverse effects on the metabolic homeostasis of the liver. Disruption of the metabolic homeostasis of the liver causes fat accumulation in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among male workers in the steel manufacturing industry of Korea. Methods Based on medical examination data collected in June 2020, 2,511 male subjects from one steel manufacturing company in Korea were selected in total. NAFLD was evaluated using abdominal ultrasound, which was performed by two experienced radiologists. The multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed by adjusting for age, physical activity, smoking history, alcohol consumption, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipidemia, liver function test, employment duration, and hepatotoxic materials exposure status. Results Compared to daytime workers, the odds ratio (OR) of moderate-severe NAFLD in shift workers was 1.449 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-2.043). Compared to daytime workers, the ORs of moderate-severe NAFLD were significantly higher for the group that engaged in total shift work for more than 20 years (OR, 2.285; 95% CI, 1.051-4.970), the group that was not allowed to sleep during night shift work (OR, 1.463; 95% CI, 1.030-2.078), and the group that consumed food during night shift work (OR, 1.580; 95% CI, 1.093-2.284). Conclusions There was a correlation between shift work and moderate-severe NAFLD in male steel manufacturing workers. There will be a need for more research related to the correlation of shift work with steatohepatitis and cirrhosis in the future.
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9
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Kholghi G, Eskandari M, Shokouhi Qare Saadlou MS, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. Night shift hormone: How does melatonin affect depression? Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113835. [PMID: 35504318 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland that modulates the circadian rhythm and mood. Previous studies have shown the therapeutic effects of melatonin, or its important analogue, agomelatine, on depression. In this review study, we aimed to discuss the potential mechanisms of melatonin involved in the treatment of depression. It was noted that disrupted circadian rhythm can lead to depressive state, and melatonin via regulating circadian rhythm shows a therapeutic effect. It was also noted that melatonin induces antidepressant effects via promoting antioxidant system and neurogenesis, and suppressing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. The interaction effect between melatonin or agomelatine and serotonergic signaling has a significant effect on depression. It was noted that the psychotropic effects of agomelatine are induced by the synergistic interaction between melatonin and 5-HT2C receptors. Agomelatine also interacts with glutamatergic signaling in brain regions involved in regulating mood and circadian rhythm. Interestingly, it was concluded that melatonin exerts both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, depending on the grade of inflammation. It was suggested that synergistic interaction between melatonin and 5-HT2C receptors may be able to induce therapeutic effects on other psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, dualistic role of melatonin in regulating inflammation is an important point that can be examined at different levels of inflammation in animal models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Maliheh Eskandari
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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10
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Does the early bird really get the worm? How chronotype relates to human intelligence. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Tobeiha M, Jafari A, Fadaei S, Mirazimi SMA, Dashti F, Amiri A, Khan H, Asemi Z, Reiter RJ, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Evidence for the Benefits of Melatonin in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:888319. [PMID: 35795371 PMCID: PMC9251346 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.888319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine gland which produces melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone with critical physiological roles in the circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin has been shown to possess anti-oxidant activity and neuroprotective properties. Numerous studies have shown that melatonin has significant functions in cardiovascular disease, and may have anti-aging properties. The ability of melatonin to decrease primary hypertension needs to be more extensively evaluated. Melatonin has shown significant benefits in reducing cardiac pathology, and preventing the death of cardiac muscle in response to ischemia-reperfusion in rodent species. Moreover, melatonin may also prevent the hypertrophy of the heart muscle under some circumstances, which in turn would lessen the development of heart failure. Several currently used conventional drugs show cardiotoxicity as an adverse effect. Recent rodent studies have shown that melatonin acts as an anti-oxidant and is effective in suppressing heart damage mediated by pharmacologic drugs. Therefore, melatonin has been shown to have cardioprotective activity in multiple animal and human studies. Herein, we summarize the most established benefits of melatonin in the cardiovascular system with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tobeiha
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Fadaei
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Amdisen L, Daugaard S, Vestergaard JM, Vested A, Bonde JP, Vistisen HT, Christoffersen J, Garde AH, Hansen ÅM, Markvart J, Schlünssen V, Kolstad HA. A longitudinal study of morning, evening, and night light intensities and nocturnal sleep quality in a working population. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:579-589. [PMID: 34903140 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2010741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether higher light intensity in the morning is associated with better nocturnal sleep quality and whether higher light intensities in the evening or night have the opposite effect. Light intensity was recorded for 7 consecutive days across the year among 317 indoor and outdoor daytime workers in Denmark (55-56° N) equipped with a personal light recorder. Participants reported sleep quality after each nocturnal sleep. Sleep quality was measured using three parameters; disturbed sleep index, awakening index, and sleep onset latency. Associations between increasing light intensities and sleep quality were analyzed using mixed effects models with participant identity as a random effect. Overall, neither white nor blue light intensities during morning, evening, or night were associated with sleep quality, awakening, or sleep onset latency of the subsequent nocturnal sleep. However, secondary analyses suggested that artificial light during the morning and day contrary to solar light may increase vulnerability to evening light exposure. Altogether, we were not able to confirm that higher morning light intensity significantly improves self-reported sleep quality or that higher evening or night light intensities impair self-reported sleep quality at exposure levels encountered during daily life in a working population in Denmark. This suggests that light intensities alone are not important for sleep quality to a degree that it is distinguishable from other important parameters in daily life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau Amdisen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine Daugaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Medom Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Tilma Vistisen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Christoffersen
- Knowledge Centre for Daylight, Energy and Indoor Climate, Velux A/s, Velux Group, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Danish Ministry of Employment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Ministry of Employment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Markvart
- Department of the Built Environment, Division of Energy Efficiency, Indoor Climate and Sustainability of Buildings, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Al Mukhaini A, Al-Huseini S, Al Kaabi S, Fai Chan M, Al Balushi R, S. Ganguly S, Al-Adawi S, Anwar H. Psychological and sleep-related factors among quarantined Omani students returning from abroad. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1922826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Al-Huseini
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Said Al Kaabi
- Department of neuromodulation and sleep disorder, Al Massarah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Moon Fai Chan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Rola Al Balushi
- Sultan Qaboos University, Department of Behavioral Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shyam S. Ganguly
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Sultan Qaboos University, Department of Behavioral Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Huda Anwar
- Primary Care, Directorate General for Health Services, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
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Zisapel N. New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3190-3199. [PMID: 29318587 PMCID: PMC6057895 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, tunes the innate circadian physiological rhythms to the ambient 24 h light-dark cycle to invigorate and optimize the internal temporal order. The SCN-activated, light-inhibited production of melatonin conveys the message of darkness to the clock and induces night-state physiological functions, for example, sleep/wake blood pressure and metabolism. Clinically meaningful effects of melatonin treatment have been demonstrated in placebo-controlled trials in humans, particularly in disorders associated with diminished or misaligned melatonin rhythms, for example, circadian rhythm-related sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work, insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, poor (non-restorative) sleep quality, non-dipping nocturnal blood pressure (nocturnal hypertension) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The diminished production of melatonin at the very early stages of AD, the role of melatonin in the restorative value of sleep (perceived sleep quality) and its sleep-anticipating effects resulting in attenuated activation of certain brain networks are gaining a new perspective as the role of poor sleep quality in the build-up of β amyloid, particularly in the precuneus, is unravelled. As a result of the recently discovered relationship between circadian clock, sleep and neurodegeneration, new prospects of using melatonin for early intervention, to promote healthy physical and mental ageing, are of prime interest in view of the emerging link to the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Zisapel
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life SciencesTel‐Aviv University and Neurim PharmaceuticalsTel AvivIsrael
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15
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Friborg O, Sundby J, Rognmo K, Rosenvinge JH, Bergvik S. No seasonality in cognitive performance among adolescents at a subarctic latitude (69°N). APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Jørgen Sundby
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Jan H. Rosenvinge
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
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16
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Yu H, Li X, Li X, Qi F, Peng B, Jiang Z, Wang Z. Social isolation of mice: activity rhythm changes and the expression of clock. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1395529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuepei Li
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Qi
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Peng
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Tordjman S, Chokron S, Delorme R, Charrier A, Bellissant E, Jaafari N, Fougerou C. Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:434-443. [PMID: 28503116 PMCID: PMC5405617 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666161228122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin synchronizes central but also peripheral oscillators (fetal adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, lung, fat, gut, etc.), allowing temporal organization of biological functions through circadian rhythms (24-hour cycles) in relation to periodic environmental changes and therefore adaptation of the individual to his/her internal and external environment. Measures of melatonin are considered the best peripheral indices of human circadian timing based on an internal 24-hour clock. METHODS First, the pharmacology of melatonin (biosynthesis and circadian rhythms, pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action) is described, allowing a better understanding of the short and long term effects of melatonin following its immediate or prolonged release. Then, research related to the physiological effects of melatonin is reviewed. RESULTS The physiological effects of melatonin are various and include detoxification of free radicals and antioxidant actions, bone formation and protection, reproduction, and cardiovascular, immune or body mass regulation. Also, protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin are reported, especially with regard to brain or gastrointestinal protection, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases and oncostatic effects. CONCLUSION This review highlights the high number and diversity of major melatonin effects and opens important perspectives for measuring melatonin as a biomarker (biomarker of early identification of certain disorders and also biomarker of their follow-up) and using melatonin with clinical preventive and therapeutic applications in newborns, children and adults based on its physiological regulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Tordjman
- Hospital-University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35000, France
- Laboratory of Psychology of Perception, CNRS UMR 8158, Paris 75270, France
| | - Sylvie Chokron
- Laboratory of Psychology of Perception, CNRS UMR 8158, Paris 75270, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris 7 University, Paris 75019, France
| | - Annaëlle Charrier
- Hospital-University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Eric Bellissant
- Inserm CIC 1414 Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35033, France
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Nemat Jaafari
- Unité de recherche clinique Pierre Deniker du Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, INSERM CIC-P 1402, Poitiers 86022, France
- INSERM U 1084 Laboratoire expérimental et clinique en Neurosciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers 86022, France
| | - Claire Fougerou
- Inserm CIC 1414 Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35033, France
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35033, France
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18
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Zisapel N. Paediatric use of melatonin: Letter to the Editor regarding the manuscript "Current role of melatonin in pediatric neurology:Clinical recommendations" by Bruni et al. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2015 Mar;19(2):122-33. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2017; 21:418-419. [PMID: 27522325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nava Zisapel
- Department of Neurobiology Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 27 Habarzel St., Tel Aviv 69710, Israel
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Tungkum W, Jumnongprakhon P, Tocharus C, Govitrapong P, Tocharus J. Melatonin suppresses methamphetamine-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress in C6 cells glioma cell lines. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:63-71. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanida Tungkum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University, Thailand
| | | | | | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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20
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Baiardi S, Cirignotta F, Cicolin A, Garbazza C, D’Agostino A, Gambini O, Giordano A, Canevini M, Zambrelli E, Marconi AM, Mondini S, Borgwardt S, Cajochen C, Rizzo N, Manconi M. Chronobiology, sleep-related risk factors and light therapy in perinatal depression: the "Life-ON" project. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:374. [PMID: 27814712 PMCID: PMC5225570 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression (PND) has an overall estimated prevalence of roughly 12 %. Untreated PND has significant negative consequences not only on the health of the mothers, but also on the physical, emotional and cognitive development of their children. No certain risk factors are known to predict PND and no completely safe drug treatments are available during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Sleep and depression are strongly related to each other because of a solid reciprocal causal relationship. Bright light therapy (BLT) is a well-tested and safe treatment, effective in both depression and circadian/sleep disorders. METHODS In a 3-year longitudinal, observational, multicentre study, about 500 women will be recruited and followed-up from early pregnancy (10-15 gestational week) until 12 months after delivery. The primary aim of the present study is to systematically explore and characterize risk factors for PND by prospective sleep assessment (using wrist actigraphy, polysomnography and various sleep questionnaires) and bloodbased analysis of potential markers during the perinatal period (Life-ON study). Secondary aims are to explore the relationship between specific genetic polymorphisms and PND (substudy Life-ON1), to investigate the effectiveness of BLT in treating PND (substudy Life-ON2) and to test whether a short term trial of BLT during pregnancy can prevent PND (substudy Life-ON3). DISCUSSION The characterization of specific predictive and risk factors for PND may substantially contribute to improve preventive medical and social strategies for the affected women. The study results are expected to promote a better understanding of the relationship between sleep disorders and the development of PND and to confirm, in a large sample of women, the safety and efficacy of BLT both in prevention and treatment of PND. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02664467 . Registered 13 January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baiardi
- Department of Head, Neck and Sensory System, Neurology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Cirignotta
- Department of Head, Neck and Sensory System, Neurology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cicolin
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neuroscience Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbazza
- Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital, Lugano, Switzerland ,Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armando D’Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Orsola Gambini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giordano
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neuroscience Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Marconi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DMSD San Paolo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Mondini
- Department of Head, Neck and Sensory System, Neurology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Rizzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Manconi
- Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital, Lugano, Switzerland.
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21
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Williams WPT, McLin DE, Dressman MA, Neubauer DN. Comparative Review of Approved Melatonin Agonists for the Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. Pharmacotherapy 2016; 36:1028-41. [PMID: 27500861 PMCID: PMC5108473 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm sleep‐wake disorders (CRSWDs) are characterized by persistent or recurrent patterns of sleep disturbance related primarily to alterations of the circadian rhythm system or the misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and exogenous factors that affect the timing or duration of sleep. These disorders collectively represent a significant unmet medical need, with a total prevalence in the millions, a substantial negative impact on quality of life, and a lack of studied treatments for most of these disorders. Activation of the endogenous melatonin receptors appears to play an important role in setting the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Therefore, melatonin agonists, which may be able to shift and/or stabilize the circadian phase, have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of CRSWDs. Currently, only one melatonin receptor agonist, tasimelteon, is approved for the treatment of a CRSWD: non–24‐hour sleep‐wake disorder (or non‐24). However, three additional commercially available melatonin receptor agonists—agomelatine, prolonged‐release melatonin, and ramelteon—have been investigated for potential use for treatment of CRSWDs. Data indicate that these melatonin receptor agonists have distinct pharmacologic profiles that may help clarify their clinical use in CRSWDs. We review the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these melatonin agonists and summarize their efficacy profiles when used for the treatment of CRSWDs. Further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic potential of these melatonin agonists for most CRSWDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dewey E McLin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Washington, D.C
| | - Marlene A Dressman
- Department of Clinical Development, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Washington, D.C
| | - David N Neubauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Richter K, Acker J, Adam S, Niklewski G. Prevention of fatigue and insomnia in shift workers-a review of non-pharmacological measures. EPMA J 2016; 7:16. [PMID: 27486484 PMCID: PMC4970219 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-016-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Excessive fatigue and insomnia are common among shift workers and can lead to negative effects such as reduced work performance, processing errors, accidents at work, absenteeism, reduced quality of life, and symptoms of depression. Moreover, work in rotating shifts can be a risk factor for different somatic and psychiatric diseases and may contribute to poor health, especially in elder adults and women. This review aims to show non-pharmacological preventive measures against fatigue and insomnia in shift workers. Method Computerized literature searches in MedLine and in the Cochrane Library were performed with the following key words: shift work disorder, fatigue, insomnia, shift work, measures, treatment, therapy, strategies and coping. The search was limited to non-pharmacological studies that were conducted on human subjects and published as English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals since 1970. Additional studies were identified through the reference sections of relevant articles. Eighteen articles on fatigue in shift workers, including six original research articles with a total sample size of 3504 probands consisting of industrial workers, office employees, aircraft maintenance engineers, and non-shift workers working in simulated shifts, were analyzed, as well as seven articles on insomnia, including an original research article with a sample size of 26 media workers. Also, 4 reviews on shift work disorder were analyzed. Main The occurrence of fatigue and insomnia in shift workers associated with a working period is described as shift work disorder. Estimations on the prevalence of shift work disorder in shift workers vary between 5 % and about 20 %; about one in three shift workers is affected by insomnia and up to 90 % of shift workers report regular fatigue and sleepiness at the workplace. We concluded that there is a necessity for treatments to improve the sleep quality of the shift working population. The most common non-pharmacological recommendations to improve sleep quality and to reduce insomnia and fatigue were scheduling, bright light exposure, napping, psychoeducation for sleep hygiene, and cognitive-behavioral measures. Conclusion Some important preventive coping strategies for fatigue associated with shift work such as napping and exposure to bright light have already been investigated and are generally approved. A few studies also provide good evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of chronic primary and comorbid insomnia. These coping strategies summarized in this paper should be considered in the workplace health promotion programs of each work environment to improve working conditions for shift workers and to save money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kneginja Richter
- Center for Sleep Medicine, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Straße 1, D-90419 Nuremberg, Germany ; Faculty for Social Sciences, Georg Simon Ohm University for Applied Sciences, Nuremberg, Germany ; Medical Faculty, University of Goce Delcev, Stip, Macedonia
| | - Jens Acker
- Clinic for Sleep Medicine, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Adam
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Theology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Guenter Niklewski
- Center for Sleep Medicine, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Straße 1, D-90419 Nuremberg, Germany ; Medical Faculty, University of Goce Delcev, Stip, Macedonia
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Hirai K, Kita M, Ohta H, Nishikawa H, Fujiwara Y, Ohkawa S, Miyamoto M. Ramelteon (TAK-375) Accelerates Reentrainment of Circadian Rhythm after a Phase Advance of the Light-Dark Cycle in Rats. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 20:27-37. [PMID: 15654068 DOI: 10.1177/0748730404269890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vivo pharmacological effects of ramelteon (TAK-375), a novel, highly MT1/MT2-selective receptor agonist, were studied in rats to determine ramelteon’s ability to reentrain the circadian rhythm after an abrupt phase advance. Experiments were also conducted to assess the potential cognitive side effects of ramelteon and its potential to become a drug of abuse. After an abrupt 8-h phase shift, ramelteon (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, p.o.) and melatonin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) accelerated reentrainment of running wheel activity rhythm to the new lightdark cycle. Ramelteon (3-30 mg/kg, p.o.) and melatonin (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect learning or memory in rats tested by the water maze task and the delayed match to position task, although diazepam and triazolam impaired both of the tasks. Neither ramelteon (3-30 mg/kg, p.o.) nor melatonin (10-100mg/kg, p.o.) demonstrated a rewarding property in the conditioned place-preference test, implying that MT1/MT2 receptor agonists have no abuse potential. In contrast, benzodiazepines and morphine showed rewarding properties in this test. The authors’ results suggest that ramelteon may be useful for treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders without adverse effects typically associated with benzodiazepine use, such as learning and memory impairment, and drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hirai
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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24
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Li X, Guan J, Hou W, Cheng S, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Z. The circadian intracranial pressure would be a prognostic factor in traumatic brain injury? BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1197515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepei Li
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junwen Guan
- Nurosurgery Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Hou
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyou Liu
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Absolon N, Balneaves L, Truant T, Cashman R, Wong M, Hamm J, Witmans M. A Self-Administered Sleep Intervention for Patients With Cancer Experiencing Insomnia. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20:289-97. [DOI: 10.1188/16.cjon.289-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Erren T, Morfeld P, Foster R, Reiter R, Groß J, Westermann I. Sleep and cancer: Synthesis of experimental data and meta-analyses of cancer incidence among some 1,500,000 study individuals in 13 countries. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:325-50. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1149486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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Hu Y, Shmygelska A, Tran D, Eriksson N, Tung JY, Hinds DA. GWAS of 89,283 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with self-reporting of being a morning person. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10448. [PMID: 26835600 PMCID: PMC4740817 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are a nearly universal feature of living organisms and affect almost every biological process. Our innate preference for mornings or evenings is determined by the phase of our circadian rhythms. We conduct a genome-wide association analysis of self-reported morningness, followed by analyses of biological pathways and related phenotypes. We identify 15 significantly associated loci, including seven near established circadian genes (rs12736689 near RGS16, P=7.0 × 10−18; rs9479402 near VIP, P=3.9 × 10−11; rs55694368 near PER2, P=2.6 × 10−9; rs35833281 near HCRTR2, P=3.7 × 10−9; rs11545787 near RASD1, P=1.4 × 10−8; rs11121022 near PER3, P=2.0 × 10−8; rs9565309 near FBXL3, P=3.5 × 10−8. Circadian and phototransduction pathways are enriched in our results. Morningness is associated with insomnia and other sleep phenotypes; and is associated with body mass index and depression but we did not find evidence for a causal relationship in our Mendelian randomization analysis. Our findings reinforce current understanding of circadian biology and will guide future studies. Circadian rhythms and related behaviours vary across individuals. Here, a large genome-wide association study reveals common single nucleotide variants influencing whether an individual reports as being a ‘morning person' by identifying 15 significant loci, including 7 near known circadian genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youna Hu
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043 USA
| | - Alena Shmygelska
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043 USA
| | - David Tran
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043 USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95112 USA
| | - Nicholas Eriksson
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043 USA
| | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043 USA
| | - David A Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043 USA
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Miller MA. The Role of Sleep and Sleep Disorders in the Development, Diagnosis, and Management of Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Neurol 2015; 6:224. [PMID: 26557104 PMCID: PMC4615953 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that sleep plays an important role in the maintenance, disease prevention, repair, and restoration of both mind and body. The sleep and wake cycles are controlled by the pacemaker activity of the superchiasmic nucleus in the hypothalamus but can be disrupted by diseases of the nervous system causing disordered sleep. A lack of sleep has been associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. Likewise, sleep disturbances and sleep disorders may disrupt neuronal pathways and have an impact on neurological diseases. Sleep deprivation studies in normal subjects demonstrate that a lack of sleep can cause attention and working memory impairment. Moreover, untreated sleep disturbances and sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoe (OSA) can also lead to cognitive impairment. Poor sleep and sleep disorders may present a significant risk factor for the development of dementia. In this review, the underlying mechanisms and the role of sleep and sleep disorders in the development of neurocognitive disorders [dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)] and how the presence of sleep disorders could direct the process of diagnosis and management of neurocognitive disorders will be discussed.
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A Survey of Cognitive and Psychological Factors Effective on Travelling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.20286/ijtmgh-0302100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Rea MS. A natural view of artificial light. Sleep Health 2015; 1:88-89. [PMID: 29073383 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Rea
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union St, 3rd floor, Troy, NY 12180.
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Roth T, Nir T, Zisapel N. Prolonged release melatonin for improving sleep in totally blind subjects: a pilot placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Nat Sci Sleep 2015; 7:13-23. [PMID: 25678831 PMCID: PMC4319556 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s71838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland during the night phase, is a regulator of the biological clock and sleep tendency. Totally blind subjects frequently report severe, periodic sleep problems, with 50%-75% of cases displaying non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (N24HSWD) due to inability to synchronize with the environmental day-night cycle. Melatonin immediate-release preparations are reportedly effective in N24HSWD. Here, we studied the efficacy and safety of prolonged-release melatonin (PRM), a registered drug for insomnia, for sleep disorders in totally blind subjects living in normal social environments. The primary endpoint was demonstration of clinically meaningful effects on sleep duration (upper confidence interval [CI] limit >20 minutes whether significant or not) to allow early decision-making on further drug development in this indication. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov registry - NCT00972075. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-principle study, 13 totally blind subjects had 2 weeks' placebo run-in, 6 weeks' randomized (1:1) PRM (Circadin(®)) or placebo nightly, and 2 weeks' placebo run-out. Outcome measures included daily voice recorded sleep diary, Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC), WHO-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5), and safety. RESULTS Mean nightly sleep duration improved by 43 minutes in the PRM and 16 minutes in the placebo group (mean difference: 27 minutes, 95% CI: -14.4 to 69 minutes; P=0.18; effect size: 0.82) meeting the primary endpoint. Mean sleep latency decreased by 29 minutes with PRM over placebo (P=0.13; effect size: 0.92) and nap duration decreased in the PRM but not placebo group. The variability in sleep onset/offset and latency tended to decrease during PRM but not placebo treatment. The potentially beneficial effects of PRM persisted during the 2 weeks of discontinuation period, consistent with clock stabilizing effects. PRM was well-tolerated, adverse events were of mild or moderate severity and similar between PRM and placebo. CONCLUSION Nightly use of PRM may potentially improve patient-reported sleep difficulties in totally blind individuals trying to adhere to normal social lifestyle. A larger study powered to demonstrate a statistically significant effect is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roth
- Henry Ford Sleep Disorders Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tali Nir
- Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nava Zisapel
- Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel ; Department of Neurobiology Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Leopoldo M, Selivanova SV, Müller A, Lacivita E, Schetz JA, Ametamey SM. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of N-{2-[4-(3-Cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-[(11) C]methoxybenz-amide, a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for dopamine D4 receptors, in rodents. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:1298-308. [PMID: 25238073 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The D4 dopamine receptor belongs to the D2 -like family of dopamine receptors, and its exact regional distribution in the central nervous system is still a matter of considerable debate. The availability of a selective radioligand for the D4 receptor with suitable properties for positron emission tomography (PET) would help resolve issues of D4 receptor localization in the brain, and the presumed diurnal change of expressed protein in the eye and pineal gland. We report here on in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the high-affinity D4 receptor-selective ligand N-{2-[4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-[(11) C]methoxybenzamide ([(11) C]2) in rat. The results provide new insights on the in vitro properties that a brain PET dopamine D4 radioligand should possess in order to have improved in vivo utility in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'A. Moro', via Orabona, 4, IT-70125 Bari
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Laudon M, Frydman-Marom A. Therapeutic effects of melatonin receptor agonists on sleep and comorbid disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15924-50. [PMID: 25207602 PMCID: PMC4200764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several melatonin receptors agonists (ramelteon, prolonged-release melatonin, agomelatine and tasimelteon) have recently become available for the treatment of insomnia, depression and circadian rhythms sleep-wake disorders. The efficacy and safety profiles of these compounds in the treatment of the indicated disorders are reviewed. Accumulating evidence indicates that sleep-wake disorders and co-existing medical conditions are mutually exacerbating. This understanding has now been incorporated into the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). Therefore, when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of sleep drugs, it is pertinent to also evaluate their effects on wake and comorbid condition. Beneficial effects of melatonin receptor agonists on comorbid neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular and metabolic symptomatology beyond sleep regulation are also described. The review underlines the beneficial value of enhancing physiological sleep in comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Laudon
- Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 27 Habarzel St. Tel-Aviv 6971039, Israel.
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Friborg O, Rosenvinge JH, Wynn R, Gradisar M. Sleep timing, chronotype, mood, and behavior at an Arctic latitude (69°N). Sleep Med 2014; 15:798-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Golombek DA, Casiraghi LP, Agostino PV, Paladino N, Duhart JM, Plano SA, Chiesa JJ. The times they're a-changing: effects of circadian desynchronization on physiology and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 107:310-22. [PMID: 23545147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous and need to be continuously entrained (synchronized) with the environment. Entrainment includes both coupling internal oscillators to external periodic changes as well as synchrony between the central clock and peripheral oscillators, which have been shown to exhibit different phases and resynchronization speed. Temporal desynchronization induces diverse physiological alterations that ultimately decrease quality of life and induces pathological situations. Indeed, there is a considerable amount of evidence regarding the deleterious effect of circadian dysfunction on overall health or on disease onset and progression, both in human studies and in animal models. In this review we discuss the general features of circadian entrainment and introduce diverse experimental models of desynchronization. In addition, we focus on metabolic, immune and cognitive alterations under situations of acute or chronic circadian desynchronization, as exemplified by jet-lag and shiftwork schedules. Moreover, such situations might lead to an enhanced susceptibility to diverse cancer types. Possible interventions (including light exposure, scheduled timing for meals and use of chronobiotics) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Golombek
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, National University of Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized within the pineal gland. The hormone is secreted during the night and appears to play multiple roles within the human organism. The hormone contributes to the regulation of biological rhythms, may induce sleep, has strong antioxidant action and appears to contribute to the protection of the organism from carcinogenesis and neurodegenerative disorders. At a therapeutic level as well as in prevention, melatonin is used for the management of sleep disorders and jet lag, for the resynchronization of circadian rhythms in situations such as blindness and shift work, for its preventive action in the development of cancer, as additive therapy in cancer and as therapy for preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigenia Kostoglou-Athanassiou
- Ifigenia Kostoglou-Athanassiou, MSc, MD, PhD Department of Endocrinology, Red Cross Hospital, 7 Korinthias Street, Athens, GR115 26, Greece
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Darwish HW, Attia MI, Abdelhameed AS, Alanazi AM, Bakheit AH. Comparative ANNs with different input layers and GA-PLS study for simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of melatonin and pyridoxine HCl in the presence of melatonin’s main impurity. Molecules 2013; 18:974-96. [PMID: 23344205 PMCID: PMC6270584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) has many health implications, therefore it is important to develop specific analytical methods for the determination of MLT in the presence of its main impurity, N-{2-[1-({3-[2-(acetylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl}methyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl}acetaamide (DMLT) and pyridoxine HCl (PNH) as a co-formulated drug. This work describes simple, sensitive, and reliable four multivariate calibration methods, namely artificial neural network preceded by genetic algorithm (GA-ANN), principal component analysis (PCA-ANN) and wavelet transform procedures (WT-ANN) as well as partial least squares preceded by genetic algorithm (GA-PLS) for the spectrofluorimetric determination of MLT and PNH in the presence of DMLT. Analytical performance of the proposed methods was statistically validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the assay of MLT in laboratory prepared mixtures containing up to 15% of DMLT and in commercial MLT tablets with recoveries of no less than 99.00%. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical additives and the results compared favorably with those obtained by a reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.H.B.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (H.W.D.); (M.I.A.); Tel.: +966-1467-7343 (H.W.D.); Fax: +966-1467-6220 (H.W.D.)
| | - Mohamed I. Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.H.B.)
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (H.W.D.); (M.I.A.); Tel.: +966-1467-7343 (H.W.D.); Fax: +966-1467-6220 (H.W.D.)
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Ahmed H. Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.H.B.)
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep is a vital neurochemical process involving sleep-promoting and arousal centers in the brain. Insomnia is a pervasive disorder characterized by difficulties in initiating or maintaining or non-refreshing (poor quality) sleep and clinically significant daytime distress. Insomnia is more prevalent in women and old age and puts sufferers at significant physical and mental health risks. This review summarizes published data on the current and emerging insomnia drug classes, rationale for development and associated risks/benefits. (Summary of Product Characteristics and Medline search on "hypnotic" or specific drug names and "Insomnia"). AREAS COVERED GABA(A) receptor modulators facilitate sleep onset and some improve maintenance but increase risk of dependence, memory, cognitive and psychomotor impairments, falls, accidents and mortality. Melatonin receptor agonists improve quality of sleep and/or sleep onset but response may develop over several days. They have more benign safety profiles and are indicated for milder insomnia, longer usage and (prolonged release melatonin) older patients. Histamine H-1 receptor antagonists improve sleep maintenance but their effects on cognition, memory and falls remain to be demonstrated. Late-stage pipeline orexin OX1/OX2 and serotonin 5HT2A receptor antagonists may hold the potential to address several unmet needs in insomnia pharmacotherapy but safety issues cast some doubts over their future. EXPERT OPINION Current and new insomnia drugs in the pipeline target different sleep regulating mechanisms and symptoms and have different tolerability profiles. Drug selection would ideally be based on improvement in the quality of patients' sleep, overall quality of life and functional status weighed against risk to the individual and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Zisapel
- Tel Aviv University, Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Lemoine P, Zisapel N. Prolonged-release formulation of melatonin (Circadin) for the treatment of insomnia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:895-905. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.667076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Waterhouse J, Fukuda Y, Morita T. Daily rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle. J Physiol Anthropol 2012; 31:5. [PMID: 22738268 PMCID: PMC3375033 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-31-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount and timing of sleep and sleep architecture (sleep stages) are determined by several factors, important among which are the environment, circadian rhythms and time awake. Separating the roles played by these factors requires specific protocols, including the constant routine and altered sleep-wake schedules. Results from such protocols have led to the discovery of the factors that determine the amounts and distribution of slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep as well as to the development of models to determine the amount and timing of sleep. One successful model postulates two processes. The first is process S, which is due to sleep pressure (and increases with time awake) and is attributed to a 'sleep homeostat'. Process S reverses during slow wave sleep (when it is called process S'). The second is process C, which shows a daily rhythm that is parallel to the rhythm of core temperature. Processes S and C combine approximately additively to determine the times of sleep onset and waking. The model has proved useful in describing normal sleep in adults. Current work aims to identify the detailed nature of processes S and C. The model can also be applied to circumstances when the sleep-wake cycle is different from the norm in some way. These circumstances include: those who are poor sleepers or short sleepers; the role an individual's chronotype (a measure of how the timing of the individual's preferred sleep-wake cycle compares with the average for a population); and changes in the sleep-wake cycle with age, particularly in adolescence and aging, since individuals tend to prefer to go to sleep later during adolescence and earlier in old age. In all circumstances, the evidence that sleep times and architecture are altered and the possible causes of these changes (including altered S, S' and C processes) are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Waterhouse
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Physiology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Aziz NA, Pijl H, Frölich M, Schröder-van der Elst JP, van der Bent C, Roelfsema F, Roos RAC. Delayed onset of the diurnal melatonin rise in patients with Huntington's disease. J Neurol 2012; 256:1961-5. [PMID: 19562249 PMCID: PMC2780627 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are very prevalent in Huntington’s disease (HD) patients and can substantially impair their quality of life. Accumulating evidence suggests considerable dysfunction of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the biological clock, in both HD patients and transgenic mouse models of the disease. As melatonin has a major role in the regulation of sleep and other cyclical bodily activities and its synthesis is directly regulated by the SCN, we postulated that disturbed SCN function is likely to give rise to abnormal melatonin secretion in HD. Therefore, we compared 24 h melatonin secretion profiles between early stage HD patients and age-, sex- and body mass index-matched controls. Although mean diurnal melatonin levels were not different between the two groups (p = 0.691), the timing of the evening rise in melatonin levels was significantly delayed by more than 01:30 h in HD patients (p = 0.048). Moreover, diurnal melatonin levels strongly correlated with both motor (r = −0.70, p = 0.036) and functional impairment (r = +0.78, p = 0.013). These findings suggest a delayed sleep phase syndrome-like circadian rhythm disorder in early stage HD patients and suggest that melatonin levels may progressively decline with advancing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmad Aziz
- Department of Neurology, K-05-Q 110, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Duggal HS. New-onset transient hallucinations possibly due to eszopiclone: a case study. PRIMARY CARE COMPANION TO THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY 2011; 9:468-9. [PMID: 18185832 DOI: 10.4088/pcc.v09n0611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet S Duggal
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Herrick Medical Center, Tecumseh, Michigan
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Subjective rating of perceived back pain, stiffness and sleep quality following introduction of medium-firm bedding systems. J Chiropr Med 2011; 5:128-34. [PMID: 19674684 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-3467(07)60145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare personal and new bedding systems between subjects with reported high and low base line sleep quality. METHODS A convenience sample of healthy subjects (women = 30; men = 29) with no clinical history of disturbed sleep participated in the study. Subjects recorded perceived back discomfort and stiffness, sleep quality and comfort, and sleep efficiency upon waking for 28 consecutive days in their own beds (baseline) and for 28 consecutive days (post) on a new bedding system. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to treat sleep data. RESULTS Analysis revealed significant differences between pre- and post means in all areas for both high and low sleep quality groups. Analysis of sleep efficiency also yielded significant differences between, but not among pre- and post means. Improvement of sleep comfort and quality became more prominent with time (from wk 1 to 4 post observation). CONCLUSIONS Similar significant benefits of new, medium- firm bedding systems can occur for those reporting both good and poor current sleep quality and variables such as age, weight, height, and body mass index are independent of such improvements.
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Armodafinil versus Modafinil in Patients of Excessive Sleepiness Associated with Shift Work Sleep Disorder: A Randomized Double Blind Multicentric Clinical Trial. Neurol Res Int 2011; 2011:514351. [PMID: 21766023 PMCID: PMC3135062 DOI: 10.1155/2011/514351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To compare the efficacy and safety of armodafinil, the R-enantiomer of modafinil, with modafinil in patients of shift work sleep disorder (SWSD). Material and Methods. This was a 12-week, randomized, comparative, double-blind, multicentric, parallel-group study in 211 patients of SWSD, receiving armodafinil (150 mg) or modafinil (200 mg) one hour prior to the night shift. Outcome Measures. Efficacy was assessed by change in stanford sleepiness score (SSS) by at least 2 grades (responder) and global assessment for efficacy. Safety was assessed by incidence of adverse events, change in laboratory parameters, ECG, and global assessment of tolerability. Results. Both modafinil and armodafinil significantly improved sleepiness mean grades as compared to baseline (P < .0001). Responder rates with armodafinil (72.12%) and modafinil (74.29%) were comparable (P = .76). Adverse event incidences were comparable. Conclusion. Armodafinil was found to be safe and effective in the treatment of SWSD in Indian patients. The study did not demonstrate any difference in efficacy and safety of armodafinil 150 mg and modafinil 200 mg.
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Pinto LR, Alves RC, Caixeta E, Fontenelle JA, Bacellar A, Poyares D, Aloe F, Rizzo G, Minhoto G, Bittencourt LR, Ataide L, Assis M, Pradella-Hallinan M, Pinto MCR, Rodrigues RND, Hasan R, Fonseca R, Tavares S. New guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2011; 68:666-75. [PMID: 20730332 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2010000400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Brazilian Sleep Association brought together specialists in sleep medicine, in order to develop new guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnias. The following subjects were discussed: concepts, clinical and psychosocial evaluations, recommendations for polysomnography, pharmacological treatment, behavioral and cognitive therapy, comorbidities and insomnia in children. Four levels of evidence were envisaged: standard, recommended, optional and not recommended. For diagnosing of insomnia, psychosocial and polysomnographic investigation were recommended. For non-pharmacological treatment, cognitive behavioral treatment was considered to be standard, while for pharmacological treatment, zolpidem was indicated as the standard drug because of its hypnotic profile, while zopiclone, trazodone and doxepin were recommended.
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Jiang P, Striz M, Wisor JP, O'Hara BF. Behavioral and genetic dissection of a mouse model for advanced sleep phase syndrome. Sleep 2011; 34:39-48. [PMID: 21203370 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/34.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The adaptive value of the endogenous circadian clock arises from its ability to synchronize (i.e., entrain) to external light-dark (LD) cycles at an appropriate phase. Studies have suggested that advanced circadian phase alignment might result from shortening of the period length of the clock. Here we explore mechanisms that contribute to an early activity phase in CAST/EiJ (CAST) mice. METHODS We investigated circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity in C57BL/6J (B6), CAST and 2 strains of B6.CAST congenic mice, which carry CAST segments introgressed in a B6 genome. RESULTS When entrained, all CAST mice initiate daily activity several hours earlier than normal mice. This difference could not be explained by alterations in the endogenous period, as activity onset did not correlate with period length. However, the photic phase-shifting responses in these mice were phase-lagged by 3 hours relative to their activity. Attenuated light masking responses were also found in CAST mice, which allow for activity normally inhibited by light. A previously identified quantitative trait locus (QTL), Era1, which contributes to the early activity trait, was confirmed and refined here using two B6.CAST congenic strains. Surprisingly, these B6.CAST mice exhibited longer rather than shorter endogenous periods, further demonstrating that the advanced phase in these mice is not due to alterations in period. CONCLUSIONS CAST mice have an advanced activity phase similar to human advanced sleep phase syndrome. This advanced phase is not due to its shorter period length or smaller light-induced phase shifts, but appears to be related to both light masking and altered coupling of the circadian pacemaker with various outputs. Lastly, a QTL influencing this trait was confirmed and narrowed using congenic mice as a first step toward gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
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Cemek M, Büyükokuroğlu ME, Hazman Ö, Bulut S, Konuk M, Birdane Y. Antioxidant enzyme and element status in heroin addiction or heroin withdrawal in rats: effect of melatonin and vitamin E plus Se. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 139:41-54. [PMID: 20180043 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heroin use, withdrawal syndrome, and heroin-related deaths are still the most serious public health problems. Antioxidants and bio-elements are essential for metabolism in living organisms. To our knowledge, there are no data about the effect of antioxidant therapy on the levels of bio-elements and antioxidant enzymes in the naloxone (NX)-induced heroin withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, in the present study for the first time, we have investigated the role of antioxidant therapy, melatonin, and vitamin E plus Se, on the trace and major elements and antioxidant enzymes in the heroin addiction or heroin withdrawal in rats. Glutathione peroxidase levels were increased and catalase levels were decreased in the all study groups when compared to the sham group. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the fixed dose of heroin (FDH) given group was lower; however, in the variable doses of heroin (VDH) given group SOD level was higher. Furthermore, in withdrawal syndrome, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Ti levels were diminished and Al, Ca, and Cu levels were increased in the FDH+NX group. Moreover, Mg, Mn, and Se levels were also diminished and Al level was increased in the VDH+NX group. In conclusion, our results obviously indicated that heroin effected both bio-element status and antioxidant enzyme activities and, exogenous melatonin or vE+Se therapy might relieve on the element and antioxidant enzyme the destructive activity caused by heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cemek
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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