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Baye TM, Butsch Kovacic M, Biagini Myers JM, Martin LJ, Lindsey M, Patterson TL, He H, Ericksen MB, Gupta J, Tsoras AM, Lindsley A, Rothenberg ME, Wills-Karp M, Eissa NT, Borish L, Khurana Hershey GK. Differences in candidate gene association between European ancestry and African American asthmatic children. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16522. [PMID: 21387019 PMCID: PMC3046166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candidate gene case-control studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with asthma susceptibility. Most of these studies have been restricted to evaluations of specific SNPs within a single gene and within populations from European ancestry. Recently, there is increasing interest in understanding racial differences in genetic risk associated with childhood asthma. Our aim was to compare association patterns of asthma candidate genes between children of European and African ancestry. Methodology/Principal Findings Using a custom-designed Illumina SNP array, we genotyped 1,485 children within the Greater Cincinnati Pediatric Clinic Repository and Cincinnati Genomic Control Cohort for 259 SNPs in 28 genes and evaluated their associations with asthma. We identified 14 SNPs located in 6 genes that were significantly associated (p-values <0.05) with childhood asthma in African Americans. Among Caucasians, 13 SNPs in 5 genes were associated with childhood asthma. Two SNPs in IL4 were associated with asthma in both races (p-values <0.05). Gene-gene interaction studies identified race specific sets of genes that best discriminate between asthmatic children and non-allergic controls. Conclusions/Significance We identified IL4 as having a role in asthma susceptibility in both African American and Caucasian children. However, while IL4 SNPs were associated with asthma in asthmatic children with European and African ancestry, the relative contributions of the most replicated asthma-associated SNPs varied by ancestry. These data provides valuable insights into the pathways that may predispose to asthma in individuals with European vs. African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye M. Baye
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Melinda Butsch Kovacic
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn M. Biagini Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark Lindsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tia L. Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hua He
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark B. Ericksen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jayanta Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Tsoras
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrew Lindsley
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marsha Wills-Karp
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - N. Tony Eissa
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Larry Borish
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ivanov VP, Solodilova MA, Polonikov AV, Khoroshaya IV, Kozhuhov MA, Panfilov VI. Association analysis of C242T and A640G polymorphisms in the gene for p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase with the risk of bronchial asthma: A pilot study. RUSS J GENET+ 2008; 44:601-608. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279540805013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to evaluate genetic risks associated with the pulmonary response to air pollutants, including particulates and ozone. METHODS A comprehensive review of articles related to the genetics of asthma with particular attention to air pollution was conducted through a search of the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database. RESULTS Asthma, which affects over 15 million people in the United States, is characterized by inflammation leading to reversible airflow obstruction. Triggered by exposure to numerous occupational and environmental agents, asthma has long been considered to occur more frequently in families, with upwards of a 50% higher rate in the offspring of parents with asthma. Asthma genetic studies have used two major methods: mapping techniques that pinpoint gene loci and studies that identify genes and polymorphisms associated with various asthma mechanisms such as inflammatory mediators. The most consistently replicated chromosomal regions associated with asthma have been chromosomes 2q, 5q, 6p, 12 q, and 13q. Because the formation of reactive oxygen species is a major aspect of the inflammatory process of asthma, genetic aberrations associated with antioxidants such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) may shed light on reasons why some people with asthma seem more at risk of exacerbations as a result of air pollution. People with a polymorphism at the GSTP 1 locus, which codes for GST, one of a family of pulmonary antioxidants, have higher rates of asthma. Children in Mexico City with the GSTM1 null genotype demonstrated significant ozone-related decrements in lung function. Animal studies support the key role of antioxidants in reducing the inflammatory response associated with exposure to diesel exhaust particles. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying the toxic effects of exposure to some types of air pollution. Asthmatics with the null genotype for the antioxidant, GST, seem more at risk of the pulmonary effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J McCunney
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Cárdaba B, del Pozo V, Gallardo S, Palomino P, Posada M, Lahoz C. Genetic approaches in the understanding of Toxic Oil Syndrome. Toxicol Lett 2006; 161:83-8. [PMID: 16236472 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Toxic Oil Syndrome (TOS) is a multisystemic disease that occurred in Spain in 1981 due to the ingestion of rapeseed oil denatured with 2% aniline. Female prevalence and the different clinical evolution even inside the same family (similar exposition), pointed to genetic implications. Furthermore, HLA-DR2 was increased in patients dead because of TOS. Th2 activation and eosinophilia implicated immunological mechanisms. For those reasons we firstly decided, to do a genome-wide search by linkage mapping set along the chromosome 6 (where HLA loci are located), to identify loci associated to the TOS development. The design was case-control-matched (n = 328). By this procedure, microsatellite (near to HLA) was related with the patients. After fine-mapping around this marker, we defined four more closely related to TOS-, , and . Secondly, we analysed in 420 patients, the association of these four markers with 14 TOS clinical phenotypes. We demonstrated that alveolar infiltration, liver disease and scleroderma are clearly associated with . As conclusion, we have identified in chromosome 6, a region where are located some genes related with autoimmune diseases, associated with certain TOS phenotypes, pointing out the possible role of autoimmune reactions in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-IDC-Capio, Clínica de la Concepción, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is well considered to play an important role in various patho-physiological conditions like inflammation and shock. A vast amount of circumstantial evidence implicates oxygen-derived free radicals (especially, superoxide and hydroxyl radical) and high-energy oxidants (such as peroxynitrite) as mediators of inflammation and shock. ROS (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. During the last years, numerous experimental studies have clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of PARP inhibition in cell cultures through rodent models and more recently in pre-clinical large animal models of acute and chronic inflammation. The aim of this review is to describe recent experimental evidence implicating PARP as a pathophysiological modulator of acute and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy.
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