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Russo M, Panini N, Fabbrizio P, Formenti L, Becchetti R, Matteo C, Meroni M, Nastasi C, Cappelleri A, Frapolli R, Nardo G, Scanziani E, Ponzetta A, Bani MR, Ghilardi C, Giavazzi R. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia elicits metastasis formation in mice by promoting proliferation of disseminated tumor cells. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2239035. [PMID: 37538353 PMCID: PMC10395252 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2239035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the standard of care for most malignancies. Its tumor debulking effect in adjuvant or neoadjuvant settings is unquestionable, although secondary effects have been reported that paradoxically promote metastasis. Chemotherapy affects the hematopoietic precursors leading to myelosuppression, with neutropenia being the main hematological toxicity induced by cytotoxic therapy. We used renal and lung murine tumor models metastatic to the lung to study chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) in the metastatic process. Cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, two myelosuppressive drugs, but not cisplatin, increased the burden of artificial metastases to the lung, by reducing neutrophils. This effect was recapitulated by treatment with anti-Ly6G, the selective antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion that unleashed the formation of lung metastases in both artificial and spontaneous metastasis settings. The increased cancer dissemination was reversed by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mediated boosting of neutrophils in combination with chemotherapy. CIN affected the early metastatic colonization of the lung, quite likely promoting the proliferation of tumor cells extravasated into the lung at 24-72 hours. CIN did not affect the late events of the metastatic process, with established metastasis to the lung, nor was there any effect on the release of cancer cells from the primary, whose growth was, in fact, somewhat inhibited. This work suggests a role of neutrophils associated to a common cancer treatment side effect and claims a deep dive into the relationship between chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Russo
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Fabbrizio
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Formenti
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Becchetti
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Matteo
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Meroni
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelleri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosa Bani
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Ghilardi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Kerul L, Schrems M, Schmid A, Meli R, Becker CFW, Bello C. Semisynthesis of Homogeneous, Active Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Glycoforms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206116. [PMID: 35853828 PMCID: PMC9804750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine used to treat neutropenia. Different glycosylated and non-glycosylated variants of G-CSF for therapeutic application are currently generated by recombinant expression. Here, we describe our approaches to establish a first semisynthesis strategy to access the aglycone and O-glycoforms of G-CSF, thereby enabling the preparation of selectively and homogeneously post-translationally modified variants of this important cytokine. Eventually, we succeeded by combining selenocysteine ligation of a recombinantly produced N-terminal segment with a synthetic C-terminal part, transiently equipped with a side-chain-linked, photocleavable PEG moiety, at low concentration. The transient PEGylation enabled quantitative enzymatic elongation of the carbohydrate at Thr133. Overall, we were able to significantly reduce the problems related to the low solubility and the tendency to aggregate of the two protein segments, which allowed the preparation of four G-CSF variants that were successfully folded and demonstrated biological activity in cell proliferation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kerul
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Schrems
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Alanca Schmid
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Rajeshwari Meli
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Claudia Bello
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and BiologyDepartment of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of Florencevia della Lastruccia 1350019Sesto Fiorentino (Florence)Italy
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Kerul L, Schrems M, Schmid A, Meli R, Becker CF, Bello C. Semisynthesis of Homogeneous, Active Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor Glycoforms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kerul
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | | | - Alanca Schmid
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | | | - Christian F.W. Becker
- Universitat Wien Institute of Biological Chemistry Währinger Str. 38 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
| | - Claudia Bello
- University of Florence: Universita degli Studi di Firenze Chemistry ITALY
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Mitigative efficacy of the clinical dosage administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and romiplostim in mice with severe acute radiation syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:339. [PMID: 32746943 PMCID: PMC7398212 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the high-dosage administration of domestically approved pharmaceutical drugs, especially granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and romiplostim (RP), is a rapid and appropriate medical treatment for preventing severe acute radiation syndrome (ARS) of victims exposed to lethal total-body irradiation (TBI). However, it remains unclear whether or not the clinical dosage administration of these drugs can ameliorate TBI-induced ARS and related high mortality in order to find various drug treatment options and less toxic optimum protocol depending on the situation surrounding the radiological accidents. METHODS We assessed the clinical dosage administration in combination with G-CSF and RP as intraperitoneal injection in C57BL/6 J mice exposed to more than 7-Gy lethal dose of X-ray TBI for the survival study evaluated by the log-rank test. Bone marrow and splenic cells were collected on the 21st day, when 1 week has passed from last administration, to detect the level of cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-related anti-oxidative gene expressions, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay using sera was performed for cell senescence and inflammation status analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer or Bonferroni/Dunn multiple comparison tests. RESULTS The combined once-daily administration of 10 μg/kg G-CSF for 4 times and 10 μg/kg RP once a week for 3 times improve the 30-day survival rate of lethal TBI mice compared with untreated TBI mice, accompanied by a gradual increase in the body weight and hematopoietic cell numbers. The radio-mitigative effect is probably attributed to the scavenging of ROS and the reduction in cell apoptosis. These changes were associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 and its downstream anti-oxidative targets in TBI mice. Furthermore, this combination modulated TBI-induced cell senescence an d inflammation markers. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the clinical dosage administration in combination with G-CSF and RP may also have radio-mitigative effects on mice exposed to lethal TBI and may be a potent therapeutic agent for mitigating radiation-induced severe ARS.
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Treatment with Molgramostim (Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, Rhugm-Csf, Mielogen) and Lenograstim (Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor) Improves Experimental Colitis in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8298192. [PMID: 31687401 PMCID: PMC6803744 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8298192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Treatment with growth factors could be beneficial in both inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF), and Recombinant Human (rHu) Granulocyte Stimulating Factor (GSF) in experimental colitis in rats. Methods Experimental colitis was induced in 62 male Wistar rats, divided into 9 groups, using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (TNBS). Group 1: Ten rats with colitis without treatment (control group). Euthanasia after 15 days. Group 2: Ten animals with colitis without treatment (control group). Euthanasia after 30 days. Group 3: Six animals with colitis. Immediate treatment with CSF. Euthanasia after 19 days. Group 4: Six animals with colitis. Treatment started 7 days after the induction of colitis. Animals were kept for 19 days. Group 5: Six animals with colitis. Treatment started 2 weeks after the induction of colitis. Group 6: Six animals with colitis, the same as in group 3. Treatment with GSF. Group 7: Six animals with colitis, the same as in group 4. Treatment with GSF. Group 8 Six animals with colitis, the same as in group 5. Treatment with GSF. Group 9: Six animals with colitis. Immediate treatment with prednisolone. Euthanasia after 15 days. Results CSF and GSF administration significantly improved the histological score (P < 0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde contents (P < 0.05), compared to control groups in all animals. CSF was superior to GSF and to prednisolone. Conclusion Administration of both CSF and GSF could significantly improve the histological score and oxidative stress in experimental colitis in rats.
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Innocenti R, Rigacci L, Restelli U, Scappini B, Gianfaldoni G, Fanci R, Mannelli F, Scolari F, Croce D, Bonizzoni E, Perrone T, Bosi A. Lenograstim and filgrastim in the febrile neutropenia prophylaxis of hospitalized patients: efficacy and cost of the prophylaxis in a retrospective survey. J Blood Med 2018; 10:21-27. [PMID: 30643475 PMCID: PMC6312059 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s186786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and related costs of using two different molecules of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (lenograstim - LENO or filgrastim - FIL) as primary prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in a hematological inpatient setting. Methods The primary endpoints of the analysis were the efficacy of the two G-CSFs in terms of the level of white blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets at the end of the treatment and the per capita direct medical costs related to G-CSF prophylaxis. Results Two hundred twelve patients (96 LENO, 116 FIL) have been evaluated. The following statistically significant differences have been observed between FIL and LENO: the use of a higher number of vials (11 vs 7; P<0.03) to fully recover bone marrow, a higher grade 3-4 neutropenia at the time of G-CSF discontinuation (29.3% vs 16.7%; P=0.031) and an increased number of days of hospitalization (8 vs 5; P<0.005). A longer hospital stay before discharge was necessary (12 vs 10), which reflects the higher final costs per patient (median treatment cost per cycle 10.706 € for LENO, compared to 12.623 € for FIL). Conclusion The use of LENO has been associated with a lower number of days of hospitalization, number of vials and less incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia at the time of G-CSF discontinuation. LENO seems to be cost-saving when compared with FIL (-15.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Innocenti
- Hematology Department, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy,
| | - Luigi Rigacci
- Hematology Department, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy, .,Hematology Unit and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy,
| | - Umberto Restelli
- Center for Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, LIUC - Università Cattaneo, Castellanza (VA), Italy.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Barbara Scappini
- Hematology Department, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy,
| | - Giacomo Gianfaldoni
- Hematology Department, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy,
| | - Rosa Fanci
- Hematology Department, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy,
| | - Francesco Mannelli
- Hematology Department, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy,
| | - Francesca Scolari
- Center for Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, LIUC - Università Cattaneo, Castellanza (VA), Italy
| | - Davide Croce
- Center for Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, LIUC - Università Cattaneo, Castellanza (VA), Italy.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Erminio Bonizzoni
- Section of Medical Statistics and Biometry "GA Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Science and Community, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tania Perrone
- Medical Affairs Department, Italfarmaco SpA, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Bosi
- Hematology Department, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy,
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Lin WT, Wen YW, Chien CR, Gau CS, Chiang SC, Hsiao FY. Suboptimal duration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Clin Ther 2014; 36:1287-94. [PMID: 25130388 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prophylactic use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is recommended for cancer patients who are at high risk of neutropenic events. However, whether the clinical effectiveness of G-CSF from randomized controlled trials translates into "real-world" clinical practice is questionable. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to examine the impact of G-CSF prophylaxis and other potential risk factors of severe neutropenia in women with breast cancer. METHODS Our study subjects were women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and who received a new course of chemotherapy between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2010, at a cancer center in Taiwan. Generalized estimating equations were applied to examine the association between G-CSF prophylaxis and neutropenic events. FINDINGS We identified 353 women with breast cancer who received a total of 2776 cycles of chemotherapy. G-CSF was used as primary prophylaxis in 7% (n = 202) of cycles and as secondary prophylaxis in 11% (n = 319) of cycles. The mean duration of G-CSF for primary and secondary prophylaxis was 4.9 and 3.7 days, respectively. A chemotherapy regimen with high risk of febrile neutropenia was found to be a risk factor for severe neutropenic events (odds ratio, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.97-5.27]). Prophylactic use of G-CSF was not statistically significantly associated with febrile neutropenia. IMPLICATIONS The major determinants of neutropenic events among patients with breast cancer were the content and intensity of chemotherapy regimens. Suboptimal use of G-CSF may not be effective in preventing neutropenic events among women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Lin
- (1)Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wen
- (2)Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ru Chien
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Shao C Chiang
- (6)Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Yuan Hsiao
- (1)Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; (7)School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; (8)Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Park YS, Lim GW, Cho KA, Woo SY, Shin M, Yoo ES, Chan Ra J, Ryu KH. Improved viability and activity of neutrophils differentiated from HL-60 cells by co-culture with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:19-25. [PMID: 22609208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neutropenia is a principal complication of cancer treatment. We investigated the supportive effect of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on the viability and function of neutrophils. Neutrophils were derived from HL-60 cells by dimethylformamide stimulation and cultured with or without AD-MSCs under serum-starved conditions to evaluate neutrophil survival, proliferation, and function. Serum starvation resulted in the apoptosis of neutrophils and decreased cell survival. The co-culture of neutrophils and AD-MSCs resulted in cell survival and inhibited neutrophil apoptosis under serum-starved conditions. The survival rate of neutrophils was prolonged up to 72 h, and the expression levels of interferon (IFN)-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in AD-MSCs were increased after co-culture with neutrophils. AD-MSCs promoted the viability of neutrophils by inhibiting apoptosis as well as enhancing respiratory burst, which could potentially be mediated by the increased expression of IFN-α, G-CSF, and TGF-β. Thus, we conclude that the use of AD-MSCs may be a promising cell-based therapy for increasing immunity by accelerating neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Shin Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Procopio G, Niger M, Testa I. Lecture: management of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia; guidelines and colony stimulating factors. Neurol Sci 2011; 32 Suppl 2:S217-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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