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Sargazi S, Mirani Sargazi F, Moudi M, Heidari Nia M, Saravani R, Mirinejad S, Shahraki S, Shakiba M. Impact of Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Gene Polymorphisms on Risk of Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study and Computational Analyses. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020; 15:286-296. [PMID: 33240378 PMCID: PMC7610076 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v15i4.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by a complex mode of inheritance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) mainly regulates lipid and glucose metabolisms while it is constitutively expressed in rat primary microglial cultures. This preliminary study was aimed to investigate the relationship of two polymorphisms in the PPARG gene, rs1801282 C/G, and rs3856806 C/T, to the risk of SCZ in the southeast Iranian population. Method: A total of 300 participants (150 patients with SCZ and 150 healthy controls) were enrolled. Genotyping was done using the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS–PCR) technique. Computational analyses were carried out to predict the potential effects of the studied polymorphisms. Results: A significant link was found between genotypes of rs1801282 and SCZ susceptibility. The G allele of rs1801282 in CG and GG form of the codominant model increased the risk of SCZ by 2.49 and 2.64 folds, respectively. With regards to rs3856806, enhanced risk of SCZ was also observed under different inheritance models except for the overdominant model. Also, the T allele of rs3856806 enhanced the risk of SCZ by 3.19 fold. Computational analyses predicted that rs1801282 polymorphism might alter the secondary structure of PPARG-mRNA and protein function. At the same time, the other variant created the binding sites for some enhancer and silencer motifs. Conclusion: Our findings showed that PPARG rs1821282 and rs3856806 polymorphisms associate with SCZ susceptibility. Replication studies in different ethnicities with a larger population are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fariba Mirani Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Moudi
- Genetics of Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Heidari Nia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sheida Shahraki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Shakiba
- Department of Psychiatry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Bai X, Xu C, Wen D, Chen Y, Li H, Wang X, Zhou L, Huang M, Jin J. Polymorphisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) associated with valproate-induced obesity in epileptic patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2665-2673. [PMID: 29984389 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Valproate (VPA) is a choice for the treatment of primary generalized epilepsies and partial epilepsies. Unfortunately, weight gain or obesity is one of the most frequent adverse effects of VPA treatment. Genetic factors were shown to be involved in the effect. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) with VPA-induced weight gain and obesity in epileptic patients. METHODS A total of 225 Chinese Han epilepsy patients receiving VPA treatment were recruited in the study. Height and weight for the calculation of body mass index (BMI) were measured at the initiation of VPA therapy and in the follow-up examination. A BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher was defined as obesity on the basis of the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for Asian populations. Four SNPs in CD36 (rs1194197, rs7807607) and PPARγ (rs10865710, rs2920502) were genotyped using the Sequenom® MassArray iPlex platform. RESULTS About 19.6% of epileptic patients receiving VPA therapy were found to become obese. After covariate analysis of age, gender, sex, height, initial BMI, and VPA dosage, the CD36 rs1194197 C allele and rs7807607 T allele (OR, 0.31; 95%CI, 0.13-0.72; P = 0.009 and OR, 0.38; 95%CI; 0.18-0.83; P = 0.02, respectively) were identified as protective factors for VPA-induced obesity. The PPARγ rs10865710 C allele carriers were found to be less likely to suffer from VPA-induced obesity compared with GG genotype carriers (OR, 0.04; 95%CI, 0.01-0.12; P < 0.001). After a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, the genotypic associations of CD36 rs1194197 and PPARγ rs10865710 and the allelic association of CD36 rs7807607 with obesity remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our data first indicated that CD36 and PPARγ polymorphisms may be associated with VPA-induced obesity and weight gain, suggesting that CD36 and PPARγ may have potential value in predicting VPA-induced obesity in Chinese Han epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuncao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingsheng Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueding Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liemin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang JP, Lencz T, Zhang RX, Nitta M, Maayan L, John M, Robinson DG, Fleischhacker WW, Kahn RS, Ophoff RA, Kane JM, Malhotra AK, Correll CU. Pharmacogenetic Associations of Antipsychotic Drug-Related Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1418-1437. [PMID: 27217270 PMCID: PMC5049532 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although weight gain is a serious but variable adverse effect of antipsychotics that has genetic underpinnings, a comprehensive meta-analysis of pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic-related weight gain is missing. In this review, random effects meta-analyses were conducted for dominant and recessive models on associations of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with prospectively assessed antipsychotic-related weight or body mass index (BMI) changes (primary outcome), or categorical increases in weight or BMI (≥7%; secondary outcome). Published studies, identified via systematic database search (last search: December 31, 2014), plus 3 additional cohorts, including 222 antipsychotic-naïve youth, and 81 and 141 first-episode schizophrenia adults, each with patient-level data at 3 or 4 months treatment, were meta-analyzed. Altogether, 72 articles reporting on 46 non-duplicated samples (n = 6700, mean follow-up = 25.1wk) with 38 SNPs from 20 genes/genomic regions were meta-analyzed (for each meta-analysis, studies = 2-20, n = 81-2082). Eleven SNPs from 8 genes were significantly associated with weight or BMI change, and 4 SNPs from 2 genes were significantly associated with categorical weight or BMI increase. Combined, 13 SNPs from 9 genes (Adrenoceptor Alpha-2A [ADRA2A], Adrenoceptor Beta 3 [ADRB3], Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor [BDNF], Dopamine Receptor D2 [DRD2], Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein [GNB3], 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin) Receptor 2C [HTR2C], Insulin-induced gene 2 [INSIG2], Melanocortin-4 Receptor [MC4R], and Synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa [SNAP25]) were significantly associated with antipsychotic-related weight gain (P-values < .05-.001). SNPs in ADRA2A, DRD2, HTR2C, and MC4R had the largest effect sizes (Hedges' g's = 0.30-0.80, ORs = 1.47-1.96). Less prior antipsychotic exposure (pediatric or first episode patients) and short follow-up (1-2 mo) were associated with larger effect sizes. Individual antipsychotics did not significantly moderate effect sizes. In conclusion, antipsychotic-related weight gain is polygenic and associated with specific genetic variants, especially in genes coding for antipsychotic pharmacodynamic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Zhang
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11020, US; tel: 718-470-8471, fax: 718-470-1905, e-mail:
| | | | - Ryan X. Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NY
| | - Masahiro Nitta
- Drug Development Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lawrence Maayan
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Majnu John
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health System, Glen Oaks, NY;,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY;,Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY
| | | | | | - Rene S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John M. Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Christoph U. Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,Both authors contributed equally to the article
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Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current concepts and consensus definitions. Autoimmune Dis 2013; 2013:673947. [PMID: 24294520 PMCID: PMC3835839 DOI: 10.1155/2013/673947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) commonly diagnosed in adults, is being recognized increasingly in children. An estimated 1.7%-5.6% of all patients with MS have clinical symptoms before reaching the age of 18 years. In comparison with adults, the diagnosis of MS in children can be more difficult, being dismissed or misdiagnosed as other clinical disorders. Although adults and children share basic aspects of the disorder, children have distinctive clinical features, neuroimaging, laboratory, and courses of the disease. The 2010 McDonald criteria have simplified the requirements for establishing the diagnosis of MS and have been proposed to be applicable for the diagnosis of pediatric MS, mainly in children 12 years and older. This paper describes the distinctive features of common pediatric demyelinating disorders, including MS, and summarizes the most recent advances based on the available literature.
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