1
|
Lichtmannegger T, Hell M, Wehner M, Ebner C, Bockreis A. Seasonal tourism's impact on wastewater composition: Evaluating the potential of alternating activated adsorption in primary treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171869. [PMID: 38531453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Primary treatment processes have gained attention in recent research and development due to their potential for redirecting carbon towards anaerobic digestion, which can subsequently be used for the production of biomethane. The alternating activated adsorption (AAA) process is implemented on full-scale at several wastewater treatment plants across Europe. However, there is a lack of full-scale studies of advanced carbon capture technology implementations in literature. This study demonstrates the ability of a full-scale AAA process to remove and redirect carbon in a region heavily influenced by tourism. Periods in high and off-season were compared to study the impact of tourism on the composition of the wastewater and the AAA-process. The wastewater characteristics of the high season differed significantly from the low season. During the high season, the PE increased by 37 %, total suspended solids went up by 75 % and chemical oxygen demand increased by 58 %, compared to the low season. Additionally, 80 % of the low volatile lipophilic substances (LVLS) measured were attributed to the impact of tourism. A mass-balance of primary treatment for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and LVLS was conducted for both trial periods. The primary treatment was able to eliminate 56 % of the COD and 62 % of the LVLS in the non-tourist season and 53 % of the COD and 54 % of the LVLS in the tourist season. The increased wastewater load was effectively managed in the AAA-process. Key process parameters like sludge settling characteristics, hydraulic retention time and total suspended solids removal rates remained stable during the high season in winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lichtmannegger
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin Hell
- Wastewater Association AIZ, 6261 Strass im Zillertal, Austria
| | - Marco Wehner
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Ebner
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anke Bockreis
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guthi RS, Tondera K, Gillot S, Buffière P, Boillot M, Chazarenc F. A-Stage process - Challenges and drawbacks from lab to full scale studies: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119044. [PMID: 36272198 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In response to the growing global resource scarcity, wastewater is increasingly seen as a valuable resource to recover and valorise for the benefit of the society rather than another waste that needs treatment before disposal. Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) oxidise most of the organic matter present in wastewater, instead of recovering it as a feedstock for biomaterials or to produce energy in the form of biogas. In contrast, an A-Stage is capable of producing a concentrated stream of organic matter ready for valorisation, ideally suited to retrofit existing large plants. This technology is based on the principle of high-rate activated sludge process that favours biosorption and storage over oxidation. In this paper, we summarize peer-reviewed research of both pilot-scale and full-scale studies of A-Stage process under real conditions, highlighting key operational parameters. In the majority of published studies, the sludge retention time (SRT) was identified as a key operational parameter. An optimal SRT of 0.3 days seems to maximize the redirection of influent COD - up to 50% to the sludge flux, while simultaneously keeping mineralization under 25% of total influent COD. Other key optimal parameters are a hydraulic residence time of 30 min and dissolved oxygen levels of 0.5 mg⋅L-1. In addition, nutrient removal efficiencies of 15-27% for total nitrogen and 13-38% for total phosphorus are observed. Influence of mixing on settling efficiencies remain largely underexplored, as well as impact of wet weather flow and temperature on overall recovery efficiencies, which hinders to provide recommendations on these aspects. Evolution of modelling efforts of A-Stage process are also critically reviewed. The role of extracellular polymeric substances remain unclear and measures differ greatly according to the different studies and protocols. Better understanding the settling processes by adding Limit of Stokesian and Threshold of Flocculation measures to Sludge Volume Index could help to reach a better understanding of the A-Stage process. Reliable modelling can help new unit processes find their place in the whole treatment chain and help the transition from WWTPs towards Wastewater Resource Recovery Facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja-Sekhar Guthi
- INRAE, REVERSAAL, Villeurbanne F-69625, France; Saur, Direction Innovation Technologique, Maurepas 78310, France.
| | | | | | - Pierre Buffière
- INSA-Lyon, Laboratoire DEEP EA7429, Université de Lyon, 9 rue de la Physique, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Mathieu Boillot
- Saur, Direction Innovation Technologique, Maurepas 78310, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan Q, Wang K, He B, Liu R, Qian L, Wan S, Zhou Y, Cai H, Gong H. Spontaneous mainstream anammox in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with hybrid sludge retention time in a temperate zone of China. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:854-864. [PMID: 33150637 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous anammox bacteria enrichment at mainstream conditions was reported in a full-scale Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in a temperate zone of China. The mainstream anammox was observed after WWTP process retrofit, which constructed a hybrid sludge retention time (SRT) system by providing moving carriers in the anaerobic/anoxic tank and was initially designed to enhance the denitrification process in a conventional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process. The hybrid SRT system achieved 86.0 ± 4.6% total nitrogen (TN) removal via combined mainstream anammox and conventional denitrification. Autotrophic denitrification via mainstream anammox was confirmed by various shreds of evidence including high-throughput sequencing, specific anammox activity test, and 15 N isotopic tracing. Long-term anammox bacteria existence in the biofilm of the carrier in anoxic zones was detected in a much higher relative abundance compared with other spots. The contribution of anammox activity to TN removal was estimated at around 20%-30%. The reasons leading to spontaneous anammox enrichment were mainly attributed to the carriers for slow-growing bacteria growth and dissolved oxygen gradient in the anoxic tank (caused by intermittent aeration) for nitrite production. The insights of this full-scale case study provide important perspectives for future mainstream anammox application, and also the design of an energy-neutral WWTP process. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Spontaneous mainstream anammox in a full-scale WWTP after its retrofit in a temperate zone of China was reported. Anammox bacteria enrichment and long-term stability on moving carriers at mainstream conditions was achieved by modified hybrid SRT system. The hybrid SRT system achieve stable nitrogen removal even in cold winter and high BOD/N situation by combining mainstream anammox with conventional denitrification. Long term full-scale operation demonstrated excellent nitrogen removal with about 20%-30% contribution of mainstream anammox. This full-scale case study provided perspectives for future optimizing mainstream anammox application, and also energy-neutral WWTP process design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Shuo Wan
- Thunip Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yaxu Zhou
- Xi'an Wastewater Treatment Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Hulin Cai
- Xi'an Wastewater Treatment Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao S, Lu D, Phua K, Yan W, Le C, Tao G, Zhou Y. Organics transformation and energy production potential in a high rate A-stage system: A demo-scale study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122300. [PMID: 31669872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) process is an aerobic A-stage process that would cause significant organic loss resulted from the mineralization. In this study, the feasibility of operating a high rate A-stage without aeration (HRNS) was carried out in a demo-scale plant (275 m3/h). The organics transformation and energy production potential in A-stage were explored. The developed A-stage process was demonstrated to be more effective for organics recovery compared to that operated with aeration (53.82% versus 40.94%), despite its relatively low total COD removal efficiency (54.3% versus 63.5% with aeration). Minor organics (accounted for 1.75% of incoming COD) was found to be lost in HRNS process. Moreover, sludge generated from HRNS had higher degradability and higher methane compared to that from HRAS. Overall, this study documented the feasibility of high rate A-stage without aeration, and acted as a guide in achieving energy neutrality or even energy-positive wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Cao
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Dan Lu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - KianMing Phua
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Wangwang Yan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Chencheng Le
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Guihe Tao
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cagnetta C, Saerens B, Meerburg FA, Decru SO, Broeders E, Menkveld W, Vandekerckhove TGL, De Vrieze J, Vlaeminck SE, Verliefde ARD, De Gusseme B, Weemaes M, Rabaey K. High-rate activated sludge systems combined with dissolved air flotation enable effective organics removal and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121833. [PMID: 31357043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-rate activated sludge (HRAS) systems typically generate diluted sludge which requires further thickening prior to anaerobic digestion (AD), besides the need to add considerable coagulant and flocculant for the solids separation. As an alternative to conventional gravitational settling, a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit was coupled to a HRAS system or a high-rate contact stabilization (HiCS) system. The HRAS-DAF system allowed up to 78% removal of the influent solids, and the HiCS-DAF 67%. Both were within the range of values typically obtained for HRAS-settler systems, albeit at a lower chemical requirement. The separated sludge had a high concentration of up to 47 g COD L-1, suppressing the need of further thickening before AD. Methanation tests showed a biogas yield of up to 68% on a COD basis. The use of a DAF separation system can thus enable direct organics removal at high sludge concentration and with low chemical needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cagnetta
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Bart Saerens
- Aquafin NV, Dijkstraat 8, Aartselaar 2630, Belgium
| | | | - Stijn O Decru
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eddie Broeders
- Nijhuis Water Technology, Innovatieweg 4, Doetinchem 7007, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Menkveld
- Nijhuis Water Technology, Innovatieweg 4, Doetinchem 7007, the Netherlands
| | - Tom G L Vandekerckhove
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Arne R D Verliefde
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group (PaInT), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Bart De Gusseme
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | | | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of Physico-Chemical Post-Treatments on the Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge. ENVIRONMENTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/environments4030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Trzcinski AP, Wang C, Zhang D, Ang WS, Lin LL, Niwa T, Fukuzaki Y, Ng WJ. Performance of A-stage process treating combined municipal-industrial wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:228-238. [PMID: 28067663 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A biosorption column and a settling tank were operated for 6 months with combined municipal and industrial wastewaters (1 m3/hr) to study the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and Fe3+ dosage on removal efficiency of dissolved and suspended organics prior to biological treatment. High DO (>0.4 mg/L) were found to be detrimental for soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals and iron dosing (up to 20 ppm) did not improve the overall performance. The system performed significantly better at high loading rate (>20 kg COD.m-3.d-1) where suspended solids and COD removals were greater than 80% and 60%, respectively. This is a significant improvement compared to the conventional primary sedimentation tank, and the process is a promising alternative for the pre-treatment of industrial wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Prandota Trzcinski
- School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350 QLD, Australia E-mail:
| | - Chong Wang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre (AEBC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre (AEBC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Wui Seng Ang
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Li Leonard Lin
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Terutake Niwa
- Meiden Singapore Pte Ltd, 5 Jalan Pesawat, Singapore 619363, Singapore
| | | | - Wun Jern Ng
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore and Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|