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Ma W, Wang M, Wang M, Tao L, Li Y, Yang S, Zhang F, Sui S, Jia L. Assessment of the migration characteristics and source-oriented health risks of heavy metals in the soil and groundwater of a legacy contaminated by the chlor-alkali industry in central China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:280. [PMID: 38963449 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The chlor-alkali industry (CAI) is crucial for global chemical production; however, its operation has led to widespread heavy metal (HM) contamination at numerous sites, which has not been thoroughly investigated. This study analysed 122 soil and groundwater samples from a typical CAI site in Kaifeng, China. Our aim was to assess the ecological and health risks, identify the sources, and examine the migration characteristics of HMs at this site using Monte Carlo simulation, absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR), and the potential environmental risk index (Ei). Our findings revealed that the exceedance rates for Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni were 71.96%, 45.79%, 49.59%, and 65.42%, respectively. Mercury (Hg) displayed the greatest coefficient of variation across all the soil layers, indicating a significant anthropogenic influence. Cd and Hg were identified as having high and extremely high potential environmental risk levels, respectively. The spatial distributions of the improved Nemerow index (INI), total ecological risk (Ri), and HM content varied considerably, with the most contaminated areas typically associated with the storage of raw and auxiliary materials. Surface aggregation and significant vertical transport were noted for HMs; As and Ni showed substantial accumulation in subsoil layers, severely contaminating the groundwater. Self-organizing maps categorized the samples into two different groups, showing strong positive correlations between Cd, Pb, and Hg. The APCS-MLR model suggested that industrial emissions were the main contributors, accounting for 60.3% of the total HM input. Elevated hazard quotient values for Hg posed significant noncarcinogenic risks, whereas acceptable levels of carcinogenic risk were observed for both adults (96.60%) and children (97.83%). This study significantly enhances historical CAI pollution data and offers valuable insights into ongoing environmental and health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Ma
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Mingya Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Mingshi Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
| | - Lu Tao
- Jiaozuo Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Yuanhang Li
- Henan Non-Ferrous Geotechnical Engineering Company, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shili Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Shaobo Sui
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Luhao Jia
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
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Ding Y, Xi L, Wu Y, Chen Y, Guo X, Shi H, Cai S. Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Evaluation of Cu and Cd in Paddy Soil around a Copper Smelter. TOXICS 2023; 11:647. [PMID: 37624153 PMCID: PMC10457998 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
To accurately evaluate the distribution and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Cu and Cd in farmlands near a copper smelter, we determined the total concentrations (Cu-T and Cd-T), various speciation concentrations of Cu and Cd and physicochemical properties of 18 paddy soil (or colloid) samples in Guixi town, Jiangxi province, China. The results showed that the concentrations of Cu-T and Cd-T in the soil around the smelter far exceeded the standard limits. Specifically, Cu ranged from 97.47 to 1294.63 mg·kg-1, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.95; Cd ranged from 0.14 to 9.06 mg·kg-1, and the CV was 1.68. Furthermore, the pollution of PTEs continued to accumulate, posing a significant risk to the environment and human health. The findings from the analysis of soil and colloid indicated that the distribution characteristics of Cu and Cd speciations did not align with the total concentrations. The highest pollution points were found to be shifted to the residual fraction of Cu, organic fraction, and crystalline iron oxide fraction of Cd in soil. The dominant fraction of Cu in colloid was the amorphous iron oxide fraction, whereas Cd was the crystalline iron oxide fraction. The assessment of Cu and Cd migration (MR) revealed that Cd posed a greater ecological risk. Further examination of the properties of iron oxides in soil and colloid revealed that they played a crucial role in the migration and transformation of soil PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (X.G.); (S.C.)
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Li Xi
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (X.G.); (S.C.)
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yujing Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (X.G.); (S.C.)
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (X.G.); (S.C.)
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (X.G.); (S.C.)
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Hong Shi
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (X.G.); (S.C.)
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Efficient Water-Saving and Non-Point Source Pollution Preventing, Jiangxi Central Station of Irrigation Experiment, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Shuo Cai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (X.G.); (S.C.)
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Efficient Water-Saving and Non-Point Source Pollution Preventing, Jiangxi Central Station of Irrigation Experiment, Nanchang 330063, China
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Zhang S, Zhao W, Jia S, Wei L, Zhou L, Tian Y. Study on release and occurrence of typical metals in corrosion products of drinking water distribution systems under stagnation conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15217-15229. [PMID: 36166128 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal contaminants in corrosion products of drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can be released into potable water under specific conditions, thereby polluting drinking water and posing a health risk. Under stagnation conditions, the release characteristics, occurring forms, and environmental risks of ten metals were determined in loose and tubercle scale solids of an unlined cast iron pipe with a long service history, before and after immersion. Most Al, As, Cr, Fe, and V in corrosion scales existed in the residual fraction, with the released concentration and pollution risk being low. Since more than 59% of Ca in pipe scales existed in the exchangeable fraction, Ca release was high. Although the Pb and Cd content of corrosion solids was low, a high proportion of Pb and Cd was present in non-residual fractions with high mobility. Sudden severe Pb or Cd pollution events in DWDS could result in high pollution and environmental risk levels. The total content and released amount of Mn and Zn in corrosion scales were both high. Therefore, while special attention should be paid to Mn and Zn, Pb and Cd also present a high risk in pipe scales, despite their low concentrations. During stagnation immersion, metal release from powdered pipe scales occurred via the processes of mass release, re-adsorption into scales, and slow release until equilibrium was reached. The levels of metal re-adsorption into scales were much higher than the concentrations dissolved into bulk water. However, the amount of metal re-adsorption into tubercle scale blocks was less. Importantly, these findings highlight that during DWDS operation, the sudden release of metal pollutants caused by pipe scale breakage should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 301636, China
| | - Weigao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China
| | - Shichao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China
| | - Lianyi Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China
| | - Letong Zhou
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 301636, China
| | - Yimei Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China.
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Dong Y, Chen D, Lin H. The behavior of heavy metal release from sulfide waste rock under microbial action and different environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75293-75306. [PMID: 35655012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution of heavy metals from the waste rock is controlled by many factors. Herein, we investigated the release behavior of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) from sulfide waste rock under the actions of microorganisms and different environmental factors (solution pH value, particle size of waste rock, temperature, Fe3+ concentration). The release quantity of heavy metals was negatively correlated with pH and particle size and positively correlated with ambient temperature and Fe3+ concentration. Under the experimental conditions of pH value of 3.0, temperature of 35°C, and waste stone particle size of less than 0.075 mm,, the release quantity of Fe, Cr, Cu, and Zn reached 3680, 18.32, 132.20, 26.60 mg·kg-1 after 20 days of leaching, respectively. Rising the temperature to 45 °C, Fe, Cr, Cu, and Zn release quantities increased to 89.30, 5.81, 105.08, and 28.00 mg·kg-1. Six hundred milligrams per liter Fe3+ increased the release of heavy metals considerably (2.63-65.48 folds). The presence of microorganisms can significantly facilitate the release of heavy metals. Compared to the control group, the release quantities of Fe, Cr, Cu, and Zn increased 4.29, 3.17, 1.54, and 2.39 times, respectively. In addition, the waste rock under microbial action was more seriously corroded than that under chemical factors. The release behavior of these four heavy metals was consistent with the interfacial chemical reaction control model, indicating that the reactions mainly occurred on the surface of the waste rock. This study provides an essential reference for the study of heavy metal leaching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Danni Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Tong S, Yang L, Gong H, Wang L, Li H, Yu J, Li Y, Deji Y, Nima C, Zhao S, Gesang Z, Kong C, Wang X, Men Z. Bioaccumulation characteristics, transfer model of heavy metals in soil-crop system and health assessment in plateau region, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113733. [PMID: 35689891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the bioaccumulation and transfer of heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil-crop system in Lhasa, and assessed the health risks of the edible part of the crops. The results showed that the average values of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were 0.15, 44.55, 24.68, 532.40, 22.47, 38.18 and 73.99 mg kg-1 in natural soil, and 0.16, 46.93, 38.45, 559.13, 23.23, 40.03 and 83.29 mg kg-1 in cultivated soil, respectively. Highland barley and wheat had the strongest ability to accumulate Zn in grain, the BCF values were 0.24 and 0.27, respectively, significant differences in the distribution of metal contents in crop root, stem, leaf and grain were observed. Root presented larger accumulation capacity in most metals, Zn and Cu was easily transferred in the plant organs, most metals in this study presented difficult to migrate from root to grain. The transfer peak of most metals in soil-crop system appeared from stem to leaf. The concentrations of Cr and Mn in crop grains could be predicted according to the multiple linear regression models. THQ and HI values of heavy metals in edible parts of both highland barley and wheat were below the safety threshold of 1, indicating no detrimental effects posed to adults health. This study helps to understand the accumulation and transfer of heavy metals in soil-crop system in plateau region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; College of Tourism and Historical Culture, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongqiang Gong
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzong Deji
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cangjue Nima
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengcheng Zhao
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongji Gesang
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuming Men
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Xu J, Shi J, Wang Y, Shentu J, Wei S. Integrated survey on the heavy metal distribution, sources and risk assessment of soil in a commonly developed industrial area. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113462. [PMID: 35397444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Jiangzhe Area was relatively common area that rely on industrial process for rapid development with serious heavy metals contamination. This study investigated the spatial, vertical and speciation distribution, correlation of heavy metals, as well as assessed pollution and health risks in three representative contamination industries at Jingjiang (electroplating site), Taizhou (e-waste recycling site) and Wenzhou (leather production site) in the Jiangzhe Area. The results indicated that the Cr(VI) pollution was serious in all three sites and there was a tendency to gradually decrease with depth. As for other heavy metals, not only the total concentration, but also the addition of acid soluble and reducible speciation generally decreased with soil depth at Jingjiang and Taizhou sites. Significantly positive correlations supported by correlation analysis were detected between the following elements: Cu-Ni (p < 0.01), Cr(VI)-Ni (p < 0.05) and Cr(VI)-Cu (p < 0.05) at Jingjiang site, Cu-Ni (p < 0.01), Cu-Cd (p < 0.01) and Ni-Cd (p < 0.05) at Taizhou site indicating possibly the same sources and pathways of origin, while the significantly negative correlation of Cd-Ni (p < 0.05) at Wenzhou site meaning the different sources. As regards the pollution assessment of topsoil, the mean PI value indicated that Cr(VI) contaminated severe in all three sites. In general, Jingjiang site was severe pollution (4.06), while Taizhou and Wenzhou (2.27 and 2.66) were moderate pollution, as NIPI value shown. In terms of health risk assessment that received much attention, non-carcinogenic risks caused by Pb contamination were significant for children at Jingjiang and Taizhou sites, with the HI values of 3.42E+ 00 and 2.03E+ 00, respectively. Ni caused unacceptable carcinogenic risk for both adults and children at all three sites. The present study can help to better understand the contamination characteristics of heavy metals in the commonly developed industrial area, and thus to control the environmental quality, so as to truly achieve the goal of "Green Deal objectives ".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C, State Key Laboratory of biological resources and ecological environment jointly built by Qinba province and Ministry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-415, Poland.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiali Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. Comprehensive exploration of heavy metal contamination and risk assessment at two common smelter sites. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131350. [PMID: 34265711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the horizontal, vertical and fractional distribution of heavy metals in the soil and the pollution and risk assessment of two smelter sites in Daye (a Cu smelter) and Zhuzhou (a Zn oxide smelter). Nine sampling points were reasonably established at each site, and nine soil samples were collected in each soil profile, with a total of 81 samples at each site. The results indicated that only As concentration was exceeded in most of the samples from the Daye site, and several were contaminated with multiple heavy metals, i.e. As, Cd and Pb; the values exceeding the standard were significant. Most of the samples at the Zhuzhou site were contaminated with many heavy metals, i.e. As, Cd, Pb and Ni. With increasing depth, the proportion of the acid-soluble and reducible heavy metal fraction decreased, while the proportion of the oxidized and residual fraction increased. The pollution index (PI) indicated that As at all positions, and Cd and Pb at several positions at the Daye site, as well as Cd and Pb at all points of Zhuzhou should have received more attention. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) showed that a few sampling points in Daye were severely polluted, i.e. the points D5 with the value of 77.49 and the point D7 with 62.33, were more than the threshold value with 3 of severe pollution. Almost all sampling points in Zhuzhou were severely polluted, but the pollution degree was slightly lower than at Daye. The hazard index (HI) indicated the potential non-carcinogenic risk at the Daye and Zhuzhou sites. These values were unacceptable for both adults and children. The carcinogenic risk (CR) index indicated that the potential carcinogen risk due to As and Ni contamination were unacceptable at both sites, especially for children with 9.27E-03 and 1.99E-03 of As and Ni at Daye site, while 4.55E-03 and 4.09E-03 at Zhuzhou site. Strict control of industrial waste residues and smelters emissions into the soil is necessary to avoid further aggravation of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Liu L, Ma J, Pan J, Li D, Wang H, Yang H. The preparation of novel triphenylamine-based AIE-effect fluorescent probe for selectively detecting mercury( ii) ion in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00270h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel triphenylamine-based TPA-ME exhibits good AIE fluorescence in a DMF/Water system and excellent probe property for detecting Hg2+ in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- College of Science
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Science
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jiamin Pan
- College of Science
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Denghui Li
- College of Science
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Huiling Wang
- College of Science
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Honggao Yang
- College of Science
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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Zhong X, Chen Z, Li Y, Ding K, Liu W, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Baker AJM, Yang W, Fei Y, Wang Y, Chao Y, Qiu R. Factors influencing heavy metal availability and risk assessment of soils at typical metal mines in Eastern China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123289. [PMID: 32947698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
China exemplifies the serious and widespread soil heavy metal pollution generated by mining activities. A total of 420 soil samples from 58 metal mines was collected across Eastern China. Total and available heavy metal concentrations, soil physico-chemical properties and geological indices were determined and collected. Risk assessments were applied, and a successive multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to provide insights into the heavy metal contamination characteristics and environmental drivers of heavy metal availability. The results suggested that although the degrees of pollution varied between different mine types, in general they had similar contamination characteristics in different regions. The major pollutants for total concentrations were found to be Cd and As in south and northeast China. The availability of Zn and Cd is relatively higher in south China. Soil physico-chemical properties had major effect on metal availability where soil pH was the most important factor. On a continental scale, soil pH and EC were influenced by the local climate patterns which could further impact on heavy metal availability. Enlightened by this study, future remediation strategies should be focused on steadily increasing soil pH, and building adaptable and sustainable ecological system to maintain low metal availabilities in mine site soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ziwu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yaying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kengbo Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenshen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yongqiang Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Alan J M Baker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia; Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wenjun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yingheng Fei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanqing Chao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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10
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Loredo-Portales R, Bustamante-Arce J, González-Villa HN, Moreno-Rodríguez V, Del Rio-Salas R, Molina-Freaner F, González-Méndez B, Archundia-Peralta D. Mobility and accessibility of Zn, Pb, and As in abandoned mine tailings of northwestern Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26605-26620. [PMID: 32372357 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Generation, storage, and management of waste coming from industrial processes are a growing worldwide problem. One of the main contributors is the mining industry, in particular tailings generated by historical mining, which are barely maintained, especially in developing countries. Assessing the impact of a mining site to surrounding soils and ecosystems can be complex, especially when determining mobility and accessibility of the contaminants is required to perform ecological and human health risk assessment. As an effort to obtain information regarding mobility and accessibility of some potentially toxic elements (Zn, Pb, and As) from an historical mining site of northwestern Mexico, the abandoned mine tailings of San Felipe de Jesús in central Sonora and adjacent agricultural soils were investigated. Mobility and accessibility were assessed by means of sequential extraction procedures and using simulated physiological media. Additionally, an assessment of accidental oral intake was calculated considering the bioaccessible fractions. Results show that higher concentrations of contaminants were found in sulfide-rich tailings (Zn = 92,540; Pb = 21,288; As = 19,740 mg kg-1) compared with oxide-rich tailings (Zn = 43,240; Pb = 14,763; As = 13,401 mg kg-1). Concentrations in agricultural soils were on average Zn = 4755, Pb = 2840, and As = 103 mg kg-1. Zinc was mainly recovered from labile fractions in oxide-rich tailings (~ 60%) and in a lower amount from sulfide-rich tailings (~ 30%). Pb and As were mainly associated with residual fractions (80-95%) in both types of tailings. The percentage of mobile fractions (sum of water-soluble, exchangeable, and bound to carbonate fractions) in agricultural soils was as follows: Zn ~ 60%, Pb ~ 15%, and As ~ 70%. Regarding the phytoaccessible fraction, the studied elements in mine tailings and agricultural soil samples exceeded the threshold limits, except for As in agricultural soils. According to data obtained, toxic effects were also calculated. As for daily oral intake for non-carcinogenic effects in adults and children, only Pb and As exceeded reference dose values, especially in children exposed to sulfide-rich tailings and agricultural soils. Regarding carcinogenic effects of Pb and As, most of the samples were above acceptable risk values.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Loredo-Portales
- CONACYT-Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colosio y Madrid s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Bustamante-Arce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Héctor Ney González-Villa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Verónica Moreno-Rodríguez
- Ingeniería en Geociencias, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Av. Ley Federal del Trabajo s/n, Col. Apolo, 83100, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rafael Del Rio-Salas
- Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colosio y Madrid s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía-LANGEM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Molina-Freaner
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colosio y Madrid s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Blanca González-Méndez
- CONACYT-Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colosio y Madrid s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Denisse Archundia-Peralta
- CONACYT-Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colosio y Madrid s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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11
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Gao J, Liu Q, Song L, Shi B. Risk assessment of heavy metals in pipe scales and loose deposits formed in drinking water distribution systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:1387-1395. [PMID: 30586823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of inorganic contaminants in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can greatly threaten water quality and safety. This work mainly focused on the accumulation, speciation and risk assessment of inorganic contaminants found in pipe scales and loose deposits in DWDS. Global contamination factor (GCF), risk assessment code (RAC) and consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (CBSQGs) were adopted for the potential health risk assessment of inorganic contaminants. The Tessier sequential extraction method was used to study the speciation distribution of inorganic contaminants in fourteen samples (six pipe scale samples, eight loose deposit samples) collected from real DWDS. The significant correlation between Al and Mn showed there was a co-occurrence behavior of Al and Mn in pipe scales and loose deposits. In addition to the possible interactions between Al and Mn, Ba, Cu and As were possibly accumulated during the formation of Al and Mn commixtures. Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co and Ba in the samples were mainly associated with the Fe-Mn oxides fraction, which indicated Fe-Mn oxides might play an important role in the accumulation and release of these inorganic contaminants. Fe, Al, As, Cr, V and Cd mainly existed in the residual fraction, which indicated their low mobility. The GCF results demonstrated that most of the sample sites had a certain environmental risk. The RAC results showed that high risk mainly resulted from Cd both in pipe scales and loose deposits. According to the CBSQGs evaluation, heavy metals in loose deposits were more harmful, and Ba exhibited the highest risk among all heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Quanli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Laizhou Song
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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