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Kalita N, Gogoi S, Minteer SD, Goswami P. Advances in Bioelectrode Design for Developing Electrochemical Biosensors. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:404-433. [PMID: 38145027 PMCID: PMC10740130 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The critical performance factors such as selectivity, sensitivity, operational and storage stability, and response time of electrochemical biosensors are governed mainly by the function of their key component, the bioelectrode. Suitable design and fabrication strategies of the bioelectrode interface are essential for realizing the requisite performance of the biosensors for their practical utility. A multifaceted attempt to achieve this goal is visible from the vast literature exploring effective strategies for preparing, immobilizing, and stabilizing biorecognition elements on the electrode surface and efficient transduction of biochemical signals into electrical ones (i.e., current, voltage, and impedance) through the bioelectrode interface with the aid of advanced materials and techniques. The commercial success of biosensors in modern society is also increasingly influenced by their size (and hence portability), multiplexing capability, and coupling in the interface of the wireless communication technology, which facilitates quick data transfer and linked decision-making processes in real-time in different areas such as healthcare, agriculture, food, and environmental applications. Therefore, fabrication of the bioelectrode involves careful selection and control of several parameters, including biorecognition elements, electrode materials, shape and size of the electrode, detection principles, and various fabrication strategies, including microscale and printing technologies. This review discusses recent trends in bioelectrode designs and fabrications for developing electrochemical biosensors. The discussions have been delineated into the types of biorecognition elements and their immobilization strategies, signal transduction approaches, commonly used advanced materials for electrode fabrication and techniques for fabricating the bioelectrodes, and device integration with modern electronic communication technology for developing electrochemical biosensors of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabajyoti Kalita
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sudarshan Gogoi
- Department
of Chemistry, Sadiya College, Chapakhowa, Assam 786157, India
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Kummer
Institute Center for Resource Sustainability, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Wang SH, Wang JW, Zhao LT, Abbas SZ, Yang Z, Yong YC. Soil Microbial Fuel Cell Based Self-Powered Cathodic Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Heavy Metals. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 36671980 PMCID: PMC9855947 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are an innovative device for soil-powered biosensors. However, the traditional SMFC sensors relied on anodic biosensing which might be unstable for long-term and continuous monitoring of toxic pollutants. Here, a carbon-felt-based cathodic SMFC biosensor was developed and applied for soil-powered long-term sensing of heavy metal ions. The SMFC-based biosensor generated output voltage about 400 mV with the external load of 1000 Ω. Upon the injection of metal ions, the voltage of the SMFC was increased sharply and quickly reached a stable output within 2~5 min. The metal ions of Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, or Hg2+ ranging from 0.5 to 30 mg/L could be quantified by using this SMFC biosensor. As the anode was immersed in the deep soil, this SMFC-based biosensor was able to monitor efficiently for four months under repeated metal ions detection without significant decrease on the output voltage. This finding demonstrated the clear potential of the cathodic SMFC biosensor, which can be further implemented as a low-cost self-powered biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hang Wang
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Li-Ting Zhao
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Syed Zaghum Abbas
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Environment and Energy, Cranfield University, Milton Keynes MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Zang Y, Zhao H, Cao B, Xie B, Yi Y, Liu H. Enhancing the sensitivity of water toxicity detection based on suspended Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 by reversing extracellular electron transfer direction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3057-3066. [PMID: 35192018 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Water toxicity detection is of great significance to ensure the safety of water supply. With suspended electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) as the sensing element, a novel microbial electrochemical sensor (MES) has recently been reported for the real-time detection of water toxicity, but its practical applications need to further improve the sensitivity. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is an important factor affecting MES performance. In the study, the EET of suspended EAB-based MES was optimized to further enhance the sensitivity. Firstly, by using a model EAB stain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, it was revealed that the sensitivity was increased at most 2.7 times with inward EET (i.e., cathodic polarization). Then, a novel conjecture based on electron transfer and energy fluxes was proposed and testified to explain this phenomenon. Finally, three key operating parameters of inward EET were orthogonally optimized. The optimized parameters of inward EET included a potential of - 0.5 V, a cell density of 1.8 × 108 CFU/mL, and an electron acceptor concentration of 15 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zang
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Beizhen Xie
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yue Yi
- School of Life, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Ngoc LTB, Linh DN, Van Minh N, Duy NPH, Phuong PTT. A novel biosensing system for rapid and sensitive detection of heavy metal toxicity in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126123. [PMID: 34492917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity biosensors have recently gained significant attention due to their potential use in online monitoring. However, the effects of toxicants and the influence of dose, exposure time, and type and concentration of respiration substrate (RS) on the performance of a bioreactor are species-specific. Although these factors need to be investigated case-by-case as they can lead either to damage or self-repair of the affected microorganisms, they have seldom been considered in previous studies. Therefore, this work examined, for the first time, the effects of resting time and RS concentration on the performance of the biosensing system for toxicity of Cr6+ in water. In addition, it is also the first time that a novel non-contact fluid delivery system was applied to a toxicity biosensing system to prevent unstable responses. By choosing the best RS concentration and balancing the resting and exposure times, the proposed procedure exhibits promising results in terms of minimum detectable concentration (MDC), limit of detection (LOD), detection range, linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy. The recovery time was only a few hours and the coefficients of variation of inhibition and recovery were only 12% and 9.6%, respectively, during six times reuse over one month of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Bao Ngoc
- University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Institute of Chemical Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A TL29 Street, Thanh Loc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Nhat Linh
- Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Minh
- Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuc Hoang Duy
- Institute of Chemical Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A TL29 Street, Thanh Loc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Thuy Phuong
- Institute of Chemical Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A TL29 Street, Thanh Loc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Dabhade A, Jayaraman S, Paramasivan B. Development of glucose oxidase-chitosan immobilized paper biosensor using screen-printed electrode for amperometric detection of Cr(VI) in water. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:183. [PMID: 33927974 PMCID: PMC7982374 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a toxic heavy metal getting discharged into the environment and water bodies through various industrial processes. Conventional analysis methods call for expensive equipment and complicated sample pretreatment that made unsuitable for onsite detection. Paper is used as an enzyme immobilization platform because of its property to wick the liquid by capillary action; lightweight, cheap and can be easily patterned or cut according to the requirements for developing biosensor. In this study, enzyme immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on filter paper were examined using three polysaccharides such as chitosan, sodium alginate and dextran for entrapment efficiency, activity and stability of the immobilized enzyme. Among the three, chitosan proved efficient for enzyme entrapment with about 90% efficiency at 0.3% (w/v) chitosan. The stability was checked after 1 week at 4 °C and room temperature, where the chitosan entrapped enzyme retained nearly 97% stability at 4 °C. Enzyme inhibition study of GOx and Cr(VI) was carried out using chronoamperometry shown uncompetitive type of inhibition. A paper-based electrochemical biosensor strip was developed by immobilizing GOx enzyme on filter paper using chitosan as an entrapping agent and associating it with a screen-printed carbon electrode for amperometric measurements. The linear range of detection was obtained as 0.05-1 ppm with the limit of detection as 0.05 ppm for Cr(VI), which is the standard permissible limit in potable water. The relative standard deviation (5.6%) indicates good reproducibility of the fabricated biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Dabhade
- Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Sivaraman Jayaraman
- Medical Electronics and Instrumentation Group, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
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Yi Y, Xie B, Zhao T, Qian Z, Liu H. The effect of anode hydrodynamics on the sensitivity of microbial fuel cell based biosensors and the biological mechanism. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 132:107351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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