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Esmaeilzadeh M, Mehdinia A. Origin and comprehensive risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments along the Caspian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116587. [PMID: 38880036 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, As, Pb, Ni, V, and Co) in surface sediments were determined in the southern Caspian Sea. Sediment pollution was investigated using geochemical index such as Enrichment Factor (EF) and ecological risk indices like modified Hazard Quotient (mHQ) and Toxic Risk Index (TRI). The highest calculated geochemical index was observed in sediments near the cities of Chalus and Ramsar, which are highly polluted due to human activities. The ecological potential indices indicated that Ni contents in all the studied stations would impose harmful effects on aquatic organisms, while other metals had a low risk. Principal component and cluster analyses suggested that As and Pb emanated from anthropogenic sources, and other metals probably originated from lithogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Iran.
| | - Ali Mehdinia
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Iran.
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Anjum S, Kumari A. Bioaccumulation of Lead and Mercury in Water, Sediment, and Fish Samples of Baraila Lake, Vaishali, Bihar. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04224-2. [PMID: 38763981 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a protected subtropical wetland in Bihar (India), Baraila Lake, was investigated for heavy metal (Pb and Hg) status. These metals tend to bioaccumulate in fish, posing a concern to human health. This study reported the concentration of lead and mercury in water, sediment, and fish muscles of Baraila Lake in the year 2022. The samples were collected from pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons at four sampling locations, i.e., Loma, Dhulwar, Chakaiya, and Kawai Baraila, and were analyzed in triplicates. Lead concentration in water samples of all four sites of Baraila Lake observed during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season exceeded the permissible limit for drinking water, while the mercury concentration of all sites was under the permissible limit in both seasons as prescribed by WHO. The extent of elemental pollution was evaluated using the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (Cd), ecological risk factor (Er), and the potential ecological risk index (Ri). Lead concentration in fish muscles of both seasons exceeded the permissible limit, while the concentration of mercury exceeded in Xenentodon cancila (0.55 ± 0.07 µg/g) during the pre-monsoon season. Also, estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) were calculated in different fish muscles to assess potential human health risks. A higher THQ value of 1.303 was observed in carnivore fish during the pre-monsoon season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Anupma Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India.
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Li J, Zheng Q, Liu J, Pei S, Yang Z, Chen R, Ma L, Niu J, Tian T. Bacterial-fungal interactions and response to heavy metal contamination of soil in agricultural areas. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1395154. [PMID: 38800759 PMCID: PMC11116572 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1395154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long-term heavy metal contamination of soil affects the structure and function of microbial communities. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of soil heavy metal contamination on microorganisms and the impact of different heavy metal pollution levels on the microbial interactions. Methods We collected soil samples and determined soil properties. Microbial diversity was analyzed in two groups of samples using high-throughput sequencing technology. Additionally, we constructed microbial networks to analyze microbial interactions. Results The pollution load index (PLI) < 1 indicates that the area is not polluted. 1 < PLI < 2 represents moderate pollution. PLI was 1.05 and 0.14 for the heavy metal contaminated area and the uncontaminated area, respectively. Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cu were identified as the major contaminants in the contaminated area, with the contamination factors were 30.35, 11.26, 5.46, 5.19, and 2.46, respectively. The diversities and compositions of the bacterial community varied significantly between the two groups. Compared to the uncontaminated area, the co-occurrence network between bacterial and fungal species in the contaminated area was more complex. The keystone taxa of the co-occurrence network in the contaminated area were more than those in the uncontaminated area and were completely different from it. Discussion Heavy metal concentrations played a crucial role in shaping the difference in microbial community compositions. Microorganisms adapt to long-term and moderate levels of heavy metal contamination through enhanced interactions. Bacteria resistant to heavy metal concentrations may play an important role in soils contaminated with moderate levels of heavy metals over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangyun Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuwei Pei
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rentong Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingping Niu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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You M, Hu Y, Meng Y. Chemical speciation and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in surface sediment from the Huaihe River, Anhui Province, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114616. [PMID: 36701971 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the characteristics of speciation and ecological risk of potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution in the surface sediment of huaihe river (Anhui province), 23 surface sediment samples were collected. The occurrence characteristics of PTEs (As, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn) were analyzed by modified continuous extraction method (BCR), and the pollution status and potential ecological risk of PTEs were comprehensively evaluated by Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF) and the risk assessment code (RAC). Results showed that the total concentrations of As, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediment were 14.98 ± 2.32, 936.02 ± 144.48, 0.32 ± 0.08, 161.73 ± 124.83, 40.44 ± 9.67, 15.46 ± 6.67, and 74.85 ± 26.43 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentrations of PTEs with the increasing order of Zn < Mn < Cr < Pb < Cu < As < Cd. Most PTEs appeared to mainly associate with a dominant proportion of residual fraction suggesting lower mobility whereas Cd and Mn presented a relative higher exchangeable fraction indicating a great degree of bioavailability and easily ingested by aquatic organism. Results of pollution degree showed that 3 sampling sites belong to the pollution degree of strong pollution, and the other sampling sites belonged to the medium pollution level. The indexes EF revealed moderately enrichment of Cr, minor enrichment of Cd, Mn and As, no enrichment of Cu, Zn and Pb. The values of the Igeo and RAC demonstrated that Cd and Mn pose a high ecological risk, which deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu You
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan normal university, Huainan 232001, China; National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Coal Chemical Products (Anhui), Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yunhu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan normal university, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan normal university, Huainan 232001, China
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Source apportionment and source-specific risk evaluation of potential toxic elements in oasis agricultural soils of Tarim River Basin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2980. [PMID: 36806786 PMCID: PMC9941508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As rapidly developing area of intensive agriculture during the past half century, the oases in the source region of the Tarim River have encountered serious environmental challenges. Therefore, a comparative analysis of soil pollution characteristics and source-specific risks in different oases is an important measure to prevent and control soil pollution and provide guidance for extensive resource management in this area. In this study, the concentration of potential toxic elements (PTEs) was analyzed by collecting soil samples from the four oases in the source region of the Tarim River. The cumulative frequency curve method, pollution index method, positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, geographical detector method and health risk assessment model were used to analyze the pollution status and source-specific risk of potential toxic elements in different oases. The results showed that Cd was the most prominent PTE in the oasis agricultural soil in the source region of the Tarim River. Especially in Hotan Oasis, where 81.25% of the soil samples were moderately contaminated and 18.75% were highly contaminated with Cd. The PTEs in the Hotan Oasis corresponded to a moderate level of risk to the ecological environment, and the noncarcinogenic risk of soil PTEs in the four oases to local children exceeded the threshold (TH > 1), while the carcinogenic risk to local residents was acceptable (1E-06 < TCR < 1E-04). The research results suggested that the Hotan Oasis should be the key area for soil pollution control in the source region of the Tarim River, and agricultural activities and natural sources, industrial sources, and atmospheric dust fall are the priority sources that should be controlled in the Aksu Oasis, Kashgar Oasis and Yarkant River Oasis, respectively. The results of this study provide important decision-making support for the protection and management of regional agricultural soil and the environment.
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Birami FA, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Busquets R, Zafarani SGG, Golshani R, Cheshmvahm H. Microplastics in surface sediments of a highly urbanized wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120276. [PMID: 36180006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the incidence of MPs in surface sediment samples, collected from the Anzali Wetland, Gillan province, North of Iran. This natural habitat receives municipal wastewater effluents and hosts industries and recreational activities that could release plastic to the wetland. There is need for studies to understand MPs pollution in wetlands. A total of 40 superficial sediment samples were taken covering potential pollution hotspots in the wetland. The average level of MPs was 362 ± 327.6 MP/kg: the highest MPs levels were near the outlet of a highly urbanized river (Pirbazar River) (1380 MP/kg), which runs through Rasht city. This was followed by 1255 MP/kg where there was intense fishing, boating and tourism activities in the vicinity of Bandar-e Anzali city. Fibers were the most common type of MPs (80% of the total MPs detected). The MPs polluting the wetland were predominantly white/transparent (42%), and about 40% of them were >1000 μm. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) prevailed in MPs found. MPs were characterized with polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Microplastics levels were found to correlate significantly (p > 0.7) with electrical conductivity (EC) and sand-size fraction of the sediments. Coarse-grained sediments presented large capacity to lodge the MPs. This study can be used to establish protection policies in wetlands and newly highlights the opportunity of intercepting MPs in the Anzali Wetland, which are generally >250 μm, before they fragment further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Amini Birami
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
| | | | - Reza Golshani
- Marine Environment and Wetlands, Department of the Environment, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Cheshmvahm
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
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