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Shakil M, Akbar A, Aisha NM, Hussain I, Ullah MI, Atif M, Kaul H, Amar A, Latif MZ, Qureshi MA, Mahmood S. Delineating Novel and Known Pathogenic Variants in TYR, OCA2 and HPS-1 Genes in Eight Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) Pakistani Families. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030503. [PMID: 35328057 PMCID: PMC8950407 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations and has been categorized with syndromic and non-syndromic features. The most common causative genes in non-syndromic OCA are TYR and OCA2 and HSP1 is in the syndromic albinism. The objective of this study was to identify pathogenic variants in congenital OCA families from Pakistan. Eight consanguineous families were recruited, and clinical and ophthalmological examination was carried out to diagnose the disease. Whole blood was collected from the participating individuals, and genomic DNA was extracted for sequencing analysis. TruSight one-panel sequencing was carried out on one affected individual of each family, and termination Sanger sequencing was carried out to establish the co-segregation of the causative gene or genes. In silico analysis was conducted to predict the causative pathogenic variants. Two families were found to have novel genetic pathogenic variants, and six families harbored previously reported variants. One novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variant in the TYR gene, c.1002delA; p.Ala335LeufsTer20, a novel frameshift deletion pathogenic variant and c.832C>T; and p.Arg278Ter (a known pathogenic variant) were found in one family, whereas HPS1; c.437G>A; and p.Trp146Ter were detected in another family. The identification of new and previous pathogenic variants in TYR, OCA2, and HPS1 genes are causative of congenital OCA, and these findings are expanding the heterogeneity of OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
- Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abida Akbar
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Nazish Mahmood Aisha
- Department of Biochemistry, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Intzar Hussain
- Department of Ophthalmology Services, Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 75471, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 75471, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Haiba Kaul
- Genetics Discipline, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan;
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahid Latif
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Education, Azra Naheed Medical College, The Superior University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (M.Z.L.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Atif Qureshi
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Education, Azra Naheed Medical College, The Superior University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (M.Z.L.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
- Institute of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Huizing M, Malicdan MCV, Wang JA, Pri-Chen H, Hess RA, Fischer R, O'Brien KJ, Merideth MA, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Mutation update. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:543-580. [PMID: 31898847 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of 10 autosomal recessive multisystem disorders, each defined by the deficiency of a specific gene. HPS-associated genes encode components of four ubiquitously expressed protein complexes: Adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) through -3. All individuals with HPS exhibit albinism and a bleeding diathesis; additional features occur depending on the defective protein complex. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with AP-3 and BLOC-3 deficiency, immunodeficiency with AP-3 defects, and gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent and severe in BLOC-3 deficiency. Therefore, identification of the HPS subtype is valuable for prognosis, clinical management, and treatment options. The prevalence of HPS is estimated at 1-9 per 1,000,000. Here we summarize 264 reported and novel variants in 10 HPS genes and estimate that ~333 Puerto Rican HPS subjects and ~385 with other ethnicities are reported to date. We provide pathogenicity predictions for missense and splice site variants and list variants with high minor allele frequencies. Current cellular and clinical aspects of HPS are also summarized. This review can serve as a manifest for molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling aspects of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - May C V Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Wang
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hadass Pri-Chen
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard A Hess
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa A Merideth
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Klay D, Hoffman TW, Harmsze AM, Grutters JC, van Moorsel CHM. Systematic review of drug effects in humans and models with surfactant-processing disease. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/149/170135. [PMID: 29997245 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0135-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic interstitial pneumonias are a group of rare diseases characterised by distortion of lung interstitium. Patients with mutations in surfactant-processing genes, such as surfactant protein C (SFTPC), surfactant protein A1 and A2 (SFTPA1 and A2), ATP binding cassette A3 (ABCA3) and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS1, 2 and 4), develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis, often culminating in fatal respiratory insufficiency. Although many mutations have been described, little is known about the optimal treatment strategy for fibrotic interstitial pneumonia patients with surfactant-processing mutations.We performed a systematic literature review of studies that described a drug effect in patients, cell or mouse models with a surfactant-processing mutation. In total, 73 articles were selected, consisting of 55 interstitial lung disease case reports/series, two clinical trials and 16 cell or mouse studies. Clinical effect parameters included lung function, radiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, while experimental outcome parameters included chemokine/cytokine expression, surfactant trafficking, necrosis and apoptosis. SP600125, a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine and 4-phenylbutyric acid were most frequently studied in disease models and lead to variable outcomes, suggesting that outcome is mutation dependent.This systematic review summarises effect parameters for future studies on surfactant-processing disorders in disease models and provides directions for future trials in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dymph Klay
- Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs W Hoffman
- Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ankie M Harmsze
- Dept of Clinical Pharmacy, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lung, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coline H M van Moorsel
- Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands .,Division of Heart and Lung, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is associated with oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diatheses, granulomatous colitis, and highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis in some subtypes, including HPS-1, HPS-2, and HPS-4. HPS pulmonary fibrosis shows many of the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but occurs at a younger age. Despite knowledge of the underlying genetic defects, there are currently no definitive therapeutic or preventive approaches for HPS pulmonary fibrosis other than lung transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way, Doctor's Office Tower 11215, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, B-1220 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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