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Rafique H, Safdar A, Ghani MU, Akbar A, Awan FI, Naeem Z, Amar A, Awan MF, Wajahat Ullah S, Shaikh RS. Exploring the diversity of CFTR gene mutations in cystic fibrosis individuals of South Asia. J Asthma 2024; 61:511-519. [PMID: 38153325 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2297365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. This study aimed to identify the spectrum of CFTR variants reported in individuals with CF from South Asia (ISA). DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION We conducted a PubMed search for CFTR variants reported in ISA. Full text of original articles and case reports was read to compile data on reported variants. To gather additional data, we independently cross-referenced each variant with the CFTR Mutation Database and ClinVar. RESULTS Our investigation identified a total of 92 CFTR variants reported across 30 articles. The most frequently tested, and reported variant was ΔF508 with a global frequency of 69.74%. Notably, we found 14 pathogenic CFTR mutations shared among ISA, originating from more than one South Asian country: ΔF508, 1525-1 G > A, G542X, S549N, R117H, S549R, R709X, V456A, Y569D, L1077P, 1161delC, 1898 + 1 G > T, G551D, and 2184insA. CONCLUSION In summary, the higher prevalence of consanguinity and the limited availability of CF diagnostic resources in South Asia considerably contribute to the prevalence of genetic disorders like CF. The spectrum of CFTR mutations exhibits noticeable variations within South Asian and other populations. The inclusion of current study-enlisted CFTR gene variants is highly recommended for CF disease genetic testing in South Asia which may aid in achieving a precise diagnosis, enhancing disease management, and discovering drugs for currently untreatable genetic variants. It is also imperative to conduct a comprehensive study in this region, especially in previously unexplored countries such as Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rafique
- Precision Genomics Research Lab, Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anum Safdar
- Precision Genomics Research Lab, Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Precision Genomics Research Lab, Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, NHS TRUST, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Farheena Iqbal Awan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zartashay Naeem
- Precision Genomics Research Lab, Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Wajahat Ullah
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Sadiq Shaikh
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Javed M, Anjum R, Zulifqar G, Rasheed F, Amar A, Naseem N. Prevalence of Human Papilloma virus in potentially malignant oral disorders is a risk factor for development of early dysplasia-A cytological investigation. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:101-109. [PMID: 38196490 PMCID: PMC10772414 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.1.7532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The proposed study was planned to screen Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) status in potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) and correlated HPV positivity with cytological changes in oral smears. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan from April 2020 to April 2021. Oral smears from N=162 patients with PMODs were taken by the Cytobrush and Manual Liquid Based Cytology was performed followed by p16 antibody detection on immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA detection by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cytological changes were categorized according to the updated Bethesda Classification system 2014. SPSS was used to analyze data and p-Value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Out of total N = 162 patients, the most prevalent lesion [39% (n=63)] was lichen planus. Fifty six percent (n=90) of the patients were habitual chewers and 43% (n=70) were smokers. Pap staining of oral smears revealed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in 45% (n=69) cases and in 2 % (n=4) of the samples diagnosis of atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) was made. A total of 37% cases showed HPV positivity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while positive p16 expression was observed in 24% of the cases. ASC-H and ASCUS category showed significant association with HPV positivity (p=0.003). Conclusion Early detection of PMODs by adopting minimally invasive cytological techniques and screening for HPV infection in local population is pivotal to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the advanced disease and carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Javed
- Maham Javed, MBBS, MPhil Department of Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Anjum
- Rabia Anjum, BDS, MPhil Department of Oral Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gulraiz Zulifqar
- Gulraiz Zulifqar, BDS, FCPS Department of Maxillofacial, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Rasheed
- Farhan Rasheed, MBBS, MPhil, FCPS Department of Microbiology, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Ali Amar, PhD Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Naseem
- Nadia Naseem, MBBS, MPhil, PhD Department of Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Huma ZE, Saleem S, Imran M, Jabeen K, Arshad F, Amar A. Screening of C. auris among Candida isolates from various tertiary care institutions in Lahore by VITEK 2 and real time PCR based molecular technique. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293390. [PMID: 37874842 PMCID: PMC10597507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant pathogen, that is a well-known cause of nosocomial infections. This pathogen is being identified using advanced diagnostic approaches and epidemiological typing procedures. In underdeveloped nations, several researchers developed and validated a low-cost approach for reliably identifying Candida auris. The goal of this study was to assess the burden of Candida auris in different teaching hospitals of Lahore and to limit its spread to minimize hospital-related illnesses. Candida isolates were obtained from various tertiary care institutions in Lahore in the form of culture on various culture plates. Sabouraud agar culture plates were used to culture the Candida spp. Fluconazole-resistant Candida species were chosen for further identification using VITEK 2 Compact ID and molecular identification using species-specific PCR assay. The current study obtained 636 Candida samples from several tertiary care institutions in Lahore. Fluconazole resistance was found in 248 (38.9%) of 636 Candida samples. No isolate was identified as Candida auris by VITEK 2 Compact ID and real-time PCR-based molecular identification. Thus with limited resources, these two methods may serve as useful screens for Candida auris. However, it should be screened all over the country to limit its spread to break the chain of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zill-e- Huma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Saleem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kokab Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Arshad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Murgatroyd M, Tate G, Amar A. Using GPS tracking to monitor the breeding performance of a low-density raptor improves accuracy, and reduces long-term financial and carbon costs. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221447. [PMID: 37650057 PMCID: PMC10465196 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, demographic monitoring of birds has been undertaken by intensive monitoring of nesting sites. However, this is challenging for low-density species, whereby the effort and costs involved in locating and monitoring remote sites can be prohibitive or even bias research findings. We show that Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking can overcome these challenges for a low-density raptor. Field monitoring of martial eagles Polemaetus bellicosus from 2013 to 2021 showed consistently poor breeding performance, with a mean productivity of 0.22 (±0.04) fledged young/pair/year. Using GPS tracking data to infer breeding performance gave a significantly higher productivity of 0.46 (±0.10) fledged young/pair/year. Breeding rate and success were also underestimated by field monitoring. These differences were likely due to logistical constraints of field monitoring, particularly relating to finding alternative nests. Comparing costs between approaches, we estimated that GPS monitoring was financially cheaper than field monitoring per sample after 10 years. Carbon costs per sample were lower for GPS-based approaches than field monitoring from the second year, and over a 10-year period GPS monitoring produced considerable savings (200% less carbon). We recommend that despite high initial costs, for long-term demographic monitoring of low-density species, or where logistical constraints make traditional field monitoring inaccurate, remote monitoring options should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Murgatroyd
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- HawkWatch International, 2240 South 900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84106, USA
- The Endangered Wildlife Trust, 27 and 28 Austin Road, Glen Austin, Midrand, Johannesburg 1685, South Africa
| | - G. Tate
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- The Endangered Wildlife Trust, 27 and 28 Austin Road, Glen Austin, Midrand, Johannesburg 1685, South Africa
| | - A. Amar
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
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Majmundar AJ, Widmeier E, Heneghan JF, Daga A, Wu CHW, Buerger F, Hugo H, Ullah I, Amar A, Ottlewski I, Braun DA, Jobst-Schwan T, Lawson JA, Zahoor MY, Rodig NM, Tasic V, Nelson CP, Khaliq S, Schönauer R, Halbritter J, Sayer JA, Fathy HM, Baum MA, Shril S, Mane S, Alper SL, Hildebrandt F. OXGR1 is a candidate disease gene for human calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Genet Med 2023; 25:100351. [PMID: 36571463 PMCID: PMC9992313 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nephrolithiasis (NL) affects 1 in 11 individuals worldwide, leading to significant patient morbidity. NL is associated with nephrocalcinosis (NC), a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Causative genetic variants are detected in 11% to 28% of NL and/or NC, suggesting that additional NL/NC-associated genetic loci await discovery. Therefore, we employed genomic approaches to discover novel genetic forms of NL/NC. METHODS Exome sequencing and directed sequencing of the OXGR1 locus were performed in a worldwide NL/NC cohort. Putatively deleterious, rare OXGR1 variants were functionally characterized. RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous OXGR1 missense variant (c.371T>G, p.L124R) cosegregating with calcium oxalate NL and/or NC disease in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern within a multigenerational family with 5 affected individuals. OXGR1 encodes 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate [AKG]) receptor 1 in the distal nephron. In response to its ligand AKG, OXGR1 stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger, pendrin, which also regulates transepithelial calcium transport in cortical connecting tubules. Strong amino acid conservation in orthologs and paralogs, severe in silico prediction scores, and extreme rarity in exome population databases suggested that the variant was deleterious. Interrogation of the OXGR1 locus in 1107 additional NL/NC families identified 5 additional deleterious dominant variants in 5 families with calcium oxalate NL/NC. Rare, potentially deleterious OXGR1 variants were enriched in patients with NL/NC compared with Exome Aggregation Consortium controls (χ2 = 7.117, P = .0076). Wild-type OXGR1-expressing Xenopus oocytes exhibited AKG-responsive Ca2+ uptake. Of 5 NL/NC-associated missense variants, 5 revealed impaired AKG-dependent Ca2+ uptake, demonstrating loss of function. CONCLUSION Rare, dominant loss-of-function OXGR1 variants are associated with recurrent calcium oxalate NL/NC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar J Majmundar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John F Heneghan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ankana Daga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chen-Han Wilfred Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Departments of Urology and Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
| | - Florian Buerger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hannah Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Isabel Ottlewski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Lawson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Muhammad Yasir Zahoor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nancy M Rodig
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Caleb P Nelson
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shagufta Khaliq
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Hanan M Fathy
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Michelle A Baum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics and Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Amar A, Nida S, Mudassir M. Effect of Melasma on Quality of Life of Patients using Dermatology Life Quality Index. PAFMJ 2022. [DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v72i4.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effect of melasma on the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of dermatology PAF Hospital, Jacobabad Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to 2020.
Methodology: A total of 103 patients with melasma were enrolled in the study from the dermatology outpatient department after written informed consent. Patients of either gender aged 15 years and above were included in the study. Melasma Area and Severity Index assessed melasma severity. In addition, the impact on Quality of Life was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire.
Results: Among the 103 patients, 67 (65%) were females, and 36 (35%) were male. The mean age of patients was 29.50±7.94 years and included 78 (75.7%) married and 25 (24.3%) unmarried individuals. Mean Melasma Area and Severity Index was 22.04±11.23, including 36 (35%) patients with mild, 43 (41.7%) moderate and 24 (23.3%) patients with severe disease, respectively. Overall mean Dermatology Life Quality Index of the sample was 11.25±7.78, while mean scores for the mild, moderate and severe diseases were 5.89±.58, 10.33±5.75 and 20.96±6.62, respectively (p=0.001), indicating that Quality of Life is significantly more impaired with increased disease severity.
Conclusion: Melasma significantly affects the Quality of Life of the patients as measured by Dermatology Life Quality Index. The impact on Quality of Life is directly proportional to the severity of melasma assessed by the Melasma Area Severity Index.
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Rauff B, Alzahrani B, Chudhary SA, Nasir B, Mahmood S, Bhinder MA, Faheem M, Amar A. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genetic variants and hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in Pakistani chronic hepatitis C patients: a genetic association study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:401. [PMID: 36028802 PMCID: PMC9414345 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigates if common missense functional variants p.I148M and p.E167K in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genes, respectively, associate with development of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in a geographically novel cohort of Pakistani chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.
Methods In total, 502 Pakistani CHC patients [242 males, median age 40 years, 220 with significant hepatic fibrosis, including 114 with cirrhosis] were genotyped for PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants using TaqMan genotyping assays. Associations between genotypes, biochemical and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results Genotypic distributions for PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and did not associate with fibrosis grades ≥ F2 or cirrhosis in any of the genetic models tested (all p = > 0.05). PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants did not modulate baseline characteristics and serum markers of liver injury in CHC patients. Similarly, increasing number of risk alleles of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms had no trend effect on serum liver enzyme activities or proportion of CHC patients with significant or advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis (p = > 0.05). The same trend of no association with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis persisted in the multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and HCV viral load (p = > 0.05). Conclusions PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants do not appear to modulate development of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis in present CHC patients of Pakistani origin, and may be of more relevance in liver pathology involving abnormalities in hepatic fat accumulation. These results also reflect the divergent associations observed for different genetic modifiers of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in distinct ethnicities.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02469-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Rauff
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq A Chudhary
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Nasir
- Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Shakil M, Akbar A, Aisha NM, Hussain I, Ullah MI, Atif M, Kaul H, Amar A, Latif MZ, Qureshi MA, Mahmood S. Delineating Novel and Known Pathogenic Variants in TYR, OCA2 and HPS-1 Genes in Eight Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) Pakistani Families. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030503. [PMID: 35328057 PMCID: PMC8950407 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations and has been categorized with syndromic and non-syndromic features. The most common causative genes in non-syndromic OCA are TYR and OCA2 and HSP1 is in the syndromic albinism. The objective of this study was to identify pathogenic variants in congenital OCA families from Pakistan. Eight consanguineous families were recruited, and clinical and ophthalmological examination was carried out to diagnose the disease. Whole blood was collected from the participating individuals, and genomic DNA was extracted for sequencing analysis. TruSight one-panel sequencing was carried out on one affected individual of each family, and termination Sanger sequencing was carried out to establish the co-segregation of the causative gene or genes. In silico analysis was conducted to predict the causative pathogenic variants. Two families were found to have novel genetic pathogenic variants, and six families harbored previously reported variants. One novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variant in the TYR gene, c.1002delA; p.Ala335LeufsTer20, a novel frameshift deletion pathogenic variant and c.832C>T; and p.Arg278Ter (a known pathogenic variant) were found in one family, whereas HPS1; c.437G>A; and p.Trp146Ter were detected in another family. The identification of new and previous pathogenic variants in TYR, OCA2, and HPS1 genes are causative of congenital OCA, and these findings are expanding the heterogeneity of OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
- Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abida Akbar
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Nazish Mahmood Aisha
- Department of Biochemistry, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Intzar Hussain
- Department of Ophthalmology Services, Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 75471, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 75471, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Haiba Kaul
- Genetics Discipline, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan;
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahid Latif
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Education, Azra Naheed Medical College, The Superior University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (M.Z.L.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Atif Qureshi
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Education, Azra Naheed Medical College, The Superior University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (M.Z.L.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
- Institute of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Barakat A, Amar A, Alsaadi A. The correlation between coronary artery disease and left ventricular filling pressure: which correlates more LVEDP or LV pre-A wave? Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Al-mouwasat University Hospital and Uneversity Heart Surgery Center, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. This results in high filling pressure which expressed by different waves and may be assessed by invasive and noninvasive methods. Validation and comparing the correlation between CAD and different LV filling pressure waves may add a step forward in CAD diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Purpose
This study invasively validates the correlation between coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) as well as left ventricular pre-A wave (LV pre-A wave) and compare the results.
Methods
124 patients who accepted to participate for this study underwent left heart catheterization for medical indications. This study obtained the results of LV filling pressures (LVEDP and LV pre-A wave), as well as, coronary angiography results with assessing the severity and extents (if CAD presents) by vessels number and Gensini Score (GS). Spearman r correlation were used for continuous/continuous or continuous/ordinal variables and Chi square test for nominal/nominal variables. Then we compared the results.
Results
CAD presence with elevated LVEDP incidence (OR = 4.29, relative risk = 1.85 P = 0.0123). Vessel number, plaque number and Gensini score correlations with LVEDP were (P = 0.0038 r = 0.34, P = 0.0002 r = 0.44, p = 0.0002 r = 0.43 and p = 0.0622 r = 0.22) respectively. In the same way, CAD presence with LV pre-a wave (OR = 2.75, relative risk = 1.5, P = 0.0447). Vessels number, plaque numbers and Gensini score relations with LV pre-A wave were (P = 0.0379 r = 0.23, P = 0.0004 r = 0.39, p = 0.0002 r = 0.40 and p = 0.0568 r = 0.21) respectively. All the results are summarized in Tables (1 + 2+3).
Conclusions
LV filling pressure had a significant correlation with CAD presence, vessel number and plaque number but it did not have a correlation with Gensini score. LVEDP had a stronger correlation with CAD presence, severity, sensitivity and extent but lower specificity than LV pre-A wave. Abstract Tables of results (1 + 2) Abstract Table of result 3
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barakat
- Al mouwasat University Hospital, Cardiology, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - A Amar
- Al-mouwasat University Hospital, Internal medicine, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - A,R Alsaadi
- Al mouwasat University Hospital, Cardiology, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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10
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Barakat A, Amar A, Alsaadi A. The correlation of ESC 2016 diastolic guidelines with invasively measured left ventricular filling pressure. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Al-mouwasat University Hospital, University Heart Surgery Center in Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
Background
left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and filling pressure assessment is a challenge. ESC 2016 diastolic guidelines handles with this issue. Validation of and comparing the correlation between this guidelines and invasively measured different waves may add a step forward in the assessment, prognosis and treatment of LV diastolic function by echo.
Purpose
this study validates of the correlation of ESC 2016 left ventricular filling pressure echo guidelines with invasively measured left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular pre-a.
Methods
124 patients who accepted to participate for this study underwent transthoracic echocardiography immediately before left heart catheterization. This study obtained echo parameters to assess LV filling pressure according to ESC 2016 algorithms. It also obtained left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and LV pre-a waves during catheterization. It analyzed the data and compared the results.
Results
Correlations of grading system (normal, abnormal parameters 1,2 and 3 present) with LV pre-a and LVEDP waves were (P= < 0.0001 r = 0.47, P = 0.0027 r = 0.41), respectively. After excluding group of patients with only one abnormal parameter as indeterminate group, pressure assessment guidelines correlations with the presence of LV pre-a and LVEDP waves were (P = 0.0009 OR = 31.76, p= 0.0170 OR = 36.00), respectively. Means difference of LV pre-a and LVEDP waves between pressure guidelines presence and absence two groups were (LV pre-a: 12.72, 7.52, P < 0.0001and LVEDP: 21.03 10.36, P = 0.0043), respectively. All results are summarized in (Table:1 + 2+3 + 4+5).
Conclusion
ESC 2016 guidelines pressure assessment correlated strongly with both LV pre-a and LVEDP waves which means that the higher the number of abnormal echo parameters is resulted by echo guidelines, the higher the LV pre-a or LVEDP is presented invasively. Different approaches had different diagnostic accuracy, the best specific was cutoff≥ 2 abnormal echo parameters and the best sensitive and overall accuracy was still cutoff≥2 but after excluding only one abnormal echo parameter group as indeterminate group. The difference between means between echo guidelines pressure assessment was more significant statistically in LV pre-a wave than in LVEDP. Abstract Figure. Abstract Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barakat
- Al mouwasat University Hospital, Cardiology, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - A Amar
- Al-mouwasat University Hospital, Internal medicine, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - A,R Alsaadi
- Al mouwasat University Hospital, Cardiology, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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11
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Amar A, Makosim S, Anggraeni S, Listilia N. The effect of saga milk (Adenantera pavonina, L.) and yogurt starter culture
concentration on process of yogurt. Food Res 2021. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5(6).011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to obtain the formulation of saga milk (Adenanthera pavonina, L),
with cow’s milk and yogurt starter culture concentration which is optimal in the
manufacturing of yogurt-based saga milk. The analysis carried out periodically (0, 2, 4, 6
hrs after incubation time) was on the change of pH value, total acids concentration, and
lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as well as the preference test of the product only on the finale
product. The material used in this study were saga milk, cow’s milk and commercial
yogurt starter culture consist of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium, and
Streptococcus thermophilus. This experiment design was random block design, factorial
pattern (3×3). Factor a is the concentration of starter culture consisting of three levels by
3% (a1), 4% (a2), 5% (a3), and formulation of saga milk compared to cow’s milk (b) with
the ratio of 40:60 (b1), 50:50 (b2), 60:40 (b3), this experiment replicated three times. The
result showed that with more cow’s milk and yogurt starter culture concentration, the pH
of yogurt decreased, which was accompanied by increased acidity. Although LAB in
products with a starter culture 3% and 4% were slightly lower than in products with 5%
starter but not significant (p = 0.05). The addition of the starter culture increased the
acceptance of panelists. The addition of saga milk, up to 60%, provides results that can
still be accepted with the addition of coco-pandan syrup by panelists. The preferred saga
yogurt has a white color like cow’s milk, with sufficient viscosity and an acceptable taste
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12
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Nebel C, Sumasgutner P, Rodseth E, Ingle RA, Childs DZ, Curtis‐Scott O, Amar A. Multigenerational pedigree analysis of wild individually marked black sparrowhawks suggests that dark plumage coloration is a dominant autosomal trait. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Nebel
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - P. Sumasgutner
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Behavioral & Cognitive Biology Konrad Lorenz Research Centre (KLF) Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - E. Rodseth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - R. A. Ingle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - D. Z. Childs
- School of Biosciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - O. Curtis‐Scott
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - A. Amar
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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Wang J, Yang BY, Zhang SJ, Amar A, Chaudhry AS, Cheng L, Abbasi IHR, Al-Mamun M, Guo XF, Shan AS. Using mixed silages of sweet sorghum and alfalfa in total mixed rations to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and meat quality of sheep. Animal 2021; 15:100246. [PMID: 34058596 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining sweet sorghum (SS) with alfalfa for ensiling has the potential to make a high-quality silage with relatively a better nutrient balance. However, the existing data are insufficient about how changes in ratios of SS to alfalfa in different silage mixtures affect animal performance and meat quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding total mixed rations containing mixed silages of SS and alfalfa on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and meat quality of Karakul sheep. Five total mixed rations were formulated with different SS proportions at 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% on a fresh weight basis. Thirty 4-month old male Karakul sheep with 25.5 ± 1.4 kg BW were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, each with six lambs for this experiment. The results indicated that the Karakul sheep consuming total mixed rations containing SS-Alfalfa (SS-AF) silage mixtures with a lower proportion of SS tended to increase nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Feeding diets with SS at 40% and 20% inclusion rate showed a significant linear increase in the apparent digestibility of DM, CP and NDF, as well as subcutaneous fat thickness and water holding capacity (P < 0.5). Moreover, reduction in SS inclusion rate in these diets caused significant (P < 0.05) linear and quadratic increases in DM intake, final BW, average daily gain, carcass weight, and the amino acid contents of meat (P < 0.05). Conversely, feeding diet with lower SS inclusion rate led to decrease in feed conversion ratio and shear force significantly (P < 0.05) for these sheep. It appears that 40% inclusion of SS was the optimal rate in making the SS-AF silage mixture for lambs to achieve a superior production performance and high-quality meat products in Karakul sheep. However, further research is needed to investigate the effect of feeding SS-AF silage mixtures alongside contrasting ingredients on rumen function, ruminal microorganisms and digestive enzyme activity of sheep and other ruminant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - B Y Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - S J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - A Amar
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - A S Chaudhry
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - L Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3647, Australia
| | - I H R Abbasi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M Al-Mamun
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - X F Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - A S Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Rauff B, Amar A, Chudhary SA, Mahmood S, Tayyab GUN, Hanif R. Interferon-λ rs12979860 genotype association with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in the Pakistani population. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1047-1056. [PMID: 33528661 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Risk and progression of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients is significantly influenced by host genetic factors in a polygenic manner. The rs12979860 genetic polymorphism in the interferon-λ3-interferon-λ4 (IFNL3-IFNL4) region has been found to be a major determinant of hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic progression in CHC patients of mainly Caucasian origin; however, it is not known if this association applies to other ethnicities, including Pakistani CHC patients. Here, we genotyped IFNL3-IFNL4 rs12979860 genetic variants in a sample set of 502 Pakistani patients with CHC and used logistic regression analysis to determine its association with the risk and progression of HCV-related fibrosis and cirrhosis. We demonstrate that the rs12979860 major (CC) genotype, despite not determining the risk of stage-specific hepatic fibrosis independently, is associated with a marginally significant risk of liver cirrhosis (OR: 1.64, p = 0.049) after an adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, HCV viral load, and liver enzymes. In a subgroup of CHC patients with sustained ALT levels of <60 IU/L, a more pronounced impact of the IFNL3-IFNL4 rs12979860 major (CC) genotype on advanced liver fibrosis (OR: 4.99, p = 0.017) and cirrhosis (OR: 3.34, p = 0.005) was seen. The present study suggests that IFNL3-IFNL4 rs12979860 polymorphism may also be a significant predictor of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in Pakistani CHC patients, especially in those with normal or near-normal liver enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Rauff
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (IBAHS), University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ahmad Chudhary
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (IBAHS), University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (IBAHS), University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Rumeza Hanif
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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15
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Mudassir M, Amar A, Raza N, Khokhar A, Siddiqui A, Ahmed N. COMPARISON OF MONTHLY PULSE OF ORAL AZITHROMYCIN WITH DAILY DOXYCYCLINE IN THE TREATMENT OF MODERATE ACNE VULGARIS. PAFMJ 2021. [DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-1.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare oral Azithromycin with oral Doxycycline in treatment of moderate Acne Vulgaris.
Study design: Randomized control trial
Place and duration of the study: Dermatology Department , Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 1st August 2017 till 31st January 2018.
Materials and methods: A total of 92 patients with moderate Acne were selected from Dermatology outpatient department (OPD) Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, after written informed consent. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups: Group A and Group B by lottery method. Patients in group A were given oral Azithromycin 500 mg daily for four consecutive days each month for 03 months and patients in group B were given oral Doxycycline 100 mg daily for 03 months. Patients were reviewed monthly for 03 months and Acne Severity Index (ASI) was recorded at baseline, at one month and three months. The primary outcome measured was more than 50% decrease from baseline in ASI within 3 months of treatment, using Global Acne Grading System (GAGS).
Results: Mean age of patients in group A was 21.80 + 4.64 years whereas mean age of patients in group B was 21.61 + 4.48 years. In group A mean pre-treatment ASI was 24.83 + 3.15 and mean post-treatment ASI was 10.15 + 1.7. In group B mean pre-treatment ASI was 25.30 ± 2.96 and mean post-treatment ASI was 9.86 + 1.58.
Conclusion: Azithromycin is comparable to Doxycycline in terms of mean change in ASI, in the treatment of moderate Acne Vulgaris.
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Qadeer MI, Amar A, Huang YY, Min E, Galfalvy H, Hasnain S, Mann JJ. Association of serotonin system-related genes with homicidal behavior and criminal aggression in a prison population of Pakistani Origin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1670. [PMID: 33462318 PMCID: PMC7813852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), 5-HT2A (HTR2A) and 5-HT2B (HTR2B) recepter genes, express proteins that are important regulators of serotonin reuptake and signaling, and thereby may contribute to the pathogenesis of aggressive criminal behavior. 370 sentenced murderers in Pakistani prisons and 359 men without any history of violence or criminal delinquency were genotyped for six candidate polymorphisms in SLC6A4, HTR2A and HTR2B genes. An association of higher expressing L/L and LA/LA variants of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was observed with homicidal behavior (bi-allelic: OR = 1.29, p = 0.016, tri-allelic: OR = 1.32, p = 0.015) and in the murderer group only with response to verbal abuse (OR = 2.11, p = 0.015), but not with other measures of self-reported aggression. L/L and LA/LA genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were associated with higher aggression scores on STAX1 scale of aggression compared to lower expressing genotypes (S/S, S/LG, LG/LG) in prison inmates. No associations were apparent for other serotonergic gene polymorphisms analyzed. Using the Braineac and GTEx databases, we demonstrated significant eQTL based functional effects for rs25531 in HTTLPR and other serotonergic polymorphisms analyzed in different brain regions and peripheral tissues. In conclusion, these findings implicate SLC6A4* HTTLPR as a major genetic determinant associated with criminal aggression. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding and establish the biologic intermediate phenotypes mediating this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadeer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Khyaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan. .,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yung-Yu Huang
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Min
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Mental Health Data Science Division, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Khyaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - J John Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Majmundar AJ, Buerger F, Forbes TA, Klämbt V, Schneider R, Deutsch K, Kitzler TM, Howden SE, Scurr M, Tan KS, Krzeminski M, Widmeier E, Braun DA, Lai E, Ullah I, Amar A, Kolb A, Eddy K, Chen CH, Salmanullah D, Dai R, Nakayama M, Ottlewski I, Kolvenbach CM, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Mao Y, Mann N, Nabhan MM, Rosen S, Forman-Kay JD, Soliman NA, Heilos A, Kain R, Aufricht C, Mane S, Lifton RP, Shril S, Little MH, Hildebrandt F. Recessive NOS1AP variants impair actin remodeling and cause glomerulopathy in humans and mice. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabe1386. [PMID: 33523862 PMCID: PMC10763988 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. We found recessive NOS1AP variants in two families with early-onset NS by exome sequencing. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) NOS1AP, but not cDNA constructs bearing patient variants, increased active CDC42 and promoted filopodia and podosome formation. Pharmacologic inhibition of CDC42 or its effectors, formin proteins, reduced NOS1AP-induced filopodia formation. NOS1AP knockdown reduced podocyte migration rate (PMR), which was rescued by overexpression of WT Nos1ap but not by constructs bearing patient variants. PMR in NOS1AP knockdown podocytes was also rescued by constitutively active CDC42Q61L or the formin DIAPH3 Modeling a NOS1AP patient variant in knock-in human kidney organoids revealed malformed glomeruli with increased apoptosis. Nos1apEx3-/Ex3- mice recapitulated the human phenotype, exhibiting proteinuria, foot process effacement, and glomerulosclerosis. These findings demonstrate that recessive NOS1AP variants impair CDC42/DIAPH-dependent actin remodeling, cause aberrant organoid glomerulogenesis, and lead to a glomerulopathy in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Buerger
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A Forbes
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Verena Klämbt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantin Deutsch
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara E Howden
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Scurr
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mickaël Krzeminski
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Eddy
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chin Heng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daanya Salmanullah
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rufeng Dai
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabel Ottlewski
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Kolvenbach
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana C Onuchic-Whitford
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youying Mao
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marwa M Nabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Kasr Al Ainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neveen A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Kasr Al Ainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andreas Heilos
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa H Little
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Amar A, Afzal A, Hameed A, Ahmad M, Khan AR, Najma H, Abid A, Khaliq S. Osteopontin promoter polymorphisms and risk of urolithiasis: a candidate gene association and meta-analysis study. BMC Med Genet 2020; 21:172. [PMID: 32842990 PMCID: PMC7446165 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Urolithiasis is a worldwide urological problem with significant contribution of genetic factors. Pakistan, which resides within the Afro-Asian stone belt, has a high reported prevalence (12%) of urolithiasis. Osteopontin (SPP1) is a urinary macromolecule with a suggested critical role in modulating renal stone formation, genetic polymorphisms of which may determine individual risk of developing urolithiasis. However, results of previous studies regarding SPP1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to urolithiasis have apparent inconsistencies with no data available for local population. Methods A total of 235 urolithiasis patients and 243 healthy controls, all of Pakistani ancestry, underwent genotyping for six SPP1 genetic polymorphisms in an effort to investigate potential association with urolithiasis using indigenous candidate gene association study design. Further, a comprehensive meta-analysis following a systematic literature search was also done to ascertain an evidence based account of any existent association regarding SPP1 promoter polymorphisms and risk of developing urolithiasis. Results Three SPP1 promoter polymorphisms, rs2853744:G > T, rs11730582:T > C and rs11439060:delG>G, were found to be significantly associated with risk of urolithiasis in indigenous genetic association study (OR = 3.14; p = 0.006, OR = 1.78; p = 0.006 and OR = 1.60; p = 0.012, respectively). We also observed a 1.68-fold positive association of a tri-allelic haplotype of these SPP1 promoter polymorphisms (G-C-dG) with risk of urolithiasis (OR = 1.68; p = 0.0079). However, no association was evident when data were stratified according to gender, age at first presentation, stone recurrence, stone multiplicity, parental consanguinity and family history of urolithiasis. The overall results from meta-analysis, which included 4 studies, suggested a significant association of SPP1 rs2853744:G > T polymorphism with susceptibility of urolithiasis (OR = 1.37; p = 0.004), but not for other SPP1 polymorphic variants analyzed. Conclusions In conclusion, we report significant association of 3 SPP1 polymorphisms with urolithiasis for the first time from South Asia, however, this association persisted only for SPP1 rs2853744:G > T polymorphism after meta-analysis of pooled studies. Further studies with a larger sample size will be required to validate this association and assess any potential usefulness in diagnosis and prognosis of renal stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-jamia Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Afzal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-jamia Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Athar Hameed
- Department of Urology, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ahmad
- Department of Urology, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rafay Khan
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Najma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-jamia Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aiysha Abid
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Khaliq
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-jamia Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan.
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Ali T, Gul S, Amar A, Shakoor M, Farhan S, Mohsin S, Khaliq S. Two homozygous missense mutations in ITGB3 gene as a cause of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia in four consanguineous Pakistani pedigrees. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 42:628-635. [PMID: 32558238 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is most common of inherited platelet disorders, resulting from quantitative/qualitative defects in platelet surface integrin αIIbβ3, encoded by ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes. Little is known about clinical and molecular characteristics of GT patients from highly consanguineous Pakistani population. METHODS This study analyzed the clinical and molecular spectrum of six GT patients from four unrelated but consanguineous families. Platelet surface expression of αIIbβ3 integrin was determined using flow cytometry analysis. ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes were screened for causative mutations by DNA sequencing. Detected mutations were characterized for their pathogenicity using a variety of in silico tools. RESULTS Glanzmann thrombasthenia patients in this study generally presented early in life, had a severe course of clinical disease with transfusion dependency for management of bleeding episodes. Molecular analysis revealed 2 homozygous missense mutations in ITGB3 gene, c.422 A˃G (p.Y141C) in three GT patients from a single pedigree with familial segregation and c.1641 C>G (p.C547W) in three unrelated GT patients from three families manifesting type I GT with severe reduction in platelet αIIbβ3 levels. In silico pathogenicity predictions, multiple sequence alignment and 3D protein modeling unanimously suggested deleterious nature of the detected mutations, possibly due to aberrant disulfide bonding. Of note, clinical diversity was observed even among GT patients with same mutation in GT1 family. CONCLUSION This study provides an initial yet important account of clinical and genetic characterization of GT in local patients which may spark further studies to help molecular diagnosis, optimal disease management, and genetic counseling based prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Ali
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Gul
- Department of Haematology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Shakoor
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Farhan
- Haematology and Transfusion Medicine Division, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Mohsin
- Department of Haematology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Khaliq
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Liu L, Amar A, Robinson J, Bruce IN, Morris D, Vyse T. THU0018 GENETIC FACTORS AND RESPONSE TO RITUXIMAB THERAPY IN SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:The biologic drug Rituximab (anti-CD20) is used therapeutically in SLE, however the clinical response to the therapy, which is expensive, is quite variable. Factors influencing the efficacy have been challenging to determine. The MRC funded MASTERPLANS consortium has investigated prognostic factors that determine the therapeutic response to biologic therapy in SLE. Genetics has not been studied on a large scale in this context. SLE is a complex clinical phenotype, it is likewise a complex genetic trait, although it has recently been shown that polygenic risk scores do have a relationship to the severity of the disease (1). In addition, genetic risk factors for SLE, coded at the IgG Fc gamma receptor locus, have the potential to influence antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Objectives:To determine whether the genetics influences the clinical outcome of therapy with Rituximab. The study used both genome-wide data in the form of genetic risk scores as well as specific genetic data at a candidate locus, namely the IgG Fc gamma receptor locusMethods:Samples from the BILAG Biologics Register (BILAG BR) of individuals treated with Rituximab were subject to genome-wide genotyping with Illumina GSA V2 chip. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated through a weighted risk sum. Genetic variation at the IgG Fc gamma receptor locus is not captured well on genotyping chips and hence common coding and copy number variation was studied using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and sequencing.Results:BILAG-BR samples for SLE part of receiving Rituximab therapy were genotyped on GSA chip, 573 samples passed QC and were used in principal components analysis (PCA), among them, 310 samples both have RTX treatment information and GRS calculated. Examining the population using PCA in the informative samples revealed that the largest distinction, European versus African ancestry did not correlate with Rituximab response. When GRS was determined in the Responders versus the Non-responders there was a weak correlation with those with a higher risk score showing a tendency to be in the responder group (Fig. 1). We also examined variation at the IgG Fc gamma receptor locus, polymorphisms of which are associated with SLE and have been correlated with therapeutic outcome in lymphoma (2). In a subset of the BILAG-BR cohort, we show that carriage of the SLE risk allele atFCGR3A(158F) was enriched in the ‘responder at some point’ group compared to the non-responder group (P=0.03, Chi-square).Conclusion:We present preliminary data indicating that genetics at both the genome wide level and at theFCGRlocus show some influence on the outcome of therapy with Rituximab in SLE; more data are required in order to draw firm conclusions.References:[1]Reid S et al. High genetic risk score is associated with early disease onset, damage accrual and decreased survival in systemic lupus erythematosus.Ann Rheum Dis.2019 Dec 11. [Epub ahead of print][2]Weng WK, Levy R. Two immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphisms independently predict response to rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(21):3940–3947.Acknowledgments:King’s and GSTT Biomedical Research Centre and M01665X/1MRC Stratified Medicine grantDisclosure of Interests:Lu Liu: None declared, Ariella Amar: None declared, James Robinson: None declared, Ian N. Bruce Grant/research support from: Genzyme Sanofi, GSK, and UCB, Consultant of: Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, UCB, Iltoo, and Merck Serono, Speakers bureau: UCB, David Morris: None declared, Tim Vyse: None declared
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Abstract
In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration provided guidance for the evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of antidiabetes drugs. The newer antidiabetes drugs, approved after 2008, were therefore evaluated in long-term cardiovascular outcome trials, designed and powered for the assessment of cardiovascular safety. Accordingly, the primary endpoint of these trials was a cardiac composite endpoint. Since 2008, the data from various cardiovascular outcome trials have been reported, including SAVOR-TIMI 53 (saxagliptin), EXAMINE (alogliptin), TECOS (sitagliptin), CARMELINA (linagliptin), CAROLINA (linagliptin), ELIXA (lixisenatide), LEADER (liraglutide), EXSCEL (exenatide once-weekly), SUSTAIN-6 (injectable semaglutide), HARMONY Outcomes (albiglutide), REWIND (dulaglutide), PIONEER-6 (oral semaglutide), EMPA-REG OUTCOME (empagliflozin), the CANVAS Program (canagliflozin) and DECLARE-TIMI 53 (dapagliflozin). Some of these trials subsequently also published data on renal outcomes, although these were secondary or exploratory analyses. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists had beneficial effects on albuminuria, while sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors additionally showed a positive effect on 'hard' renal outcomes. In contrast to the cardiovascular outcome trials, the renal outcome trial of canagliflozin, CREDENCE, assessed a hard renal endpoint as its primary endpoint and showed positive effects on these hard renal outcomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the renal outcome data from the cardiovascular outcome trials and the CREDENCE trial and understand the differences between their results. The post CREDENCE era would appear to reinforce the position of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors as drugs providing cardiorenal protection, in addition to their anti-glycaemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajani
- Janssen India Medical Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Private Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - M Sahay
- Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Bhattacharyya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Amar
- Janssen India Medical Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Private Ltd, Mumbai, India
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Shkirskiy V, Krasnova A, Sanchez T, Amar A, Vivier V, Volovitch P. Development of anodic and cathodic blisters at a model Zn/epoxy interface studied using local electrochemical impedance. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Brink CW, Santangeli A, Amar A, Wolter K, Tate G, Krüger S, Tucker AS, Thomson RL. Quantifying the spatial distribution and trends of supplementary feeding sites in South Africa and their potential contribution to vulture energetic requirements. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. W. Brink
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - A. Santangeli
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - A. Amar
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | | | - G. Tate
- Birds of Prey Programme Endangered Wildlife Trust Modderfontein South Africa
| | - S. Krüger
- Ezemvelo KwaZulu‐Natal Wildlife Cascades South Africa
| | | | - R. L. Thomson
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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Kampf LL, Schneider R, Gerstner L, Thünauer R, Chen M, Helmstädter M, Amar A, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Loza Munarriz R, Berdeli A, Müller D, Schrezenmeier E, Budde K, Mane S, Laricchia KM, Rehm HL, MacArthur DG, Lifton RP, Walz G, Römer W, Bergmann C, Hildebrandt F, Hermle T. TBC1D8B Mutations Implicate RAB11-Dependent Vesicular Trafficking in the Pathogenesis of Nephrotic Syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2338-2353. [PMID: 31732614 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in about 50 genes have been identified as monogenic causes of nephrotic syndrome, a frequent cause of CKD. These genes delineated the pathogenetic pathways and rendered significant insight into podocyte biology. METHODS We used whole-exome sequencing to identify novel monogenic causes of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). We analyzed the functional significance of an SRNS-associated gene in vitro and in podocyte-like Drosophila nephrocytes. RESULTS We identified hemizygous missense mutations in the gene TBC1D8B in five families with nephrotic syndrome. Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated interactions between TBC1D8B and active forms of RAB11. Silencing TBC1D8B in HEK293T cells increased basal autophagy and exocytosis, two cellular functions that are independently regulated by RAB11. This suggests that TBC1D8B plays a regulatory role by inhibiting endogenous RAB11. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed TBC1D8B also interacts with the slit diaphragm protein nephrin, and colocalizes with it in immortalized cell lines. Overexpressed murine Tbc1d8b with patient-derived mutations had lower affinity for endogenous RAB11 and nephrin compared with wild-type Tbc1d8b protein. Knockdown of Tbc1d8b in Drosophila impaired function of the podocyte-like nephrocytes, and caused mistrafficking of Sns, the Drosophila ortholog of nephrin. Expression of Rab11 RNAi in nephrocytes entailed defective delivery of slit diaphragm protein to the membrane, whereas RAB11 overexpression revealed a partial phenotypic overlap to Tbc1d8b loss of function. CONCLUSIONS Novel mutations in TBC1D8B are monogenic causes of SRNS. This gene inhibits RAB11. Our findings suggest that RAB11-dependent vesicular nephrin trafficking plays a role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina L Kampf
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lea Gerstner
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Thünauer
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Advanced Light and Fluorescence Microscopy Facility, Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) and University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Amar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana C Onuchic-Whitford
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Afig Berdeli
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Center for Human Genetics, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany; and.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;
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Stofberg M, Cunningham S, Sumasgutner P, Amar A. Juggling a “junk-food” diet: responses of an urban bird to fluctuating anthropogenic-food availability. Urban Ecosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Downs NJ, Butler HJ, Baldwin L, Parisi AV, Amar A, Vanos J, Harrison S. A site-specific standard for comparing dynamic solar ultraviolet protection characteristics of established tree canopies. MethodsX 2019; 6:1683-1693. [PMID: 31406685 PMCID: PMC6682329 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A standardised procedure for making fair and comparable assessments of the ultraviolet protection of an established tree canopy that takes into account canopy movement and the changing position of the sun is presented for use by government, planning, and environmental health authorities. The technique utilises video image capture and replaces the need for measurement by ultraviolet radiometers for surveying shade quality characteristics of trees growing in public parks, playgrounds and urban settings. The technique improves upon tree shade assessments that may be based upon single measurements of the ultraviolet irradiance observed from a fixed point of view. The presented technique demonstrates how intelligent shade audits can be conducted without the need for specialist equipment, enabling the calculation of the Shade Protection Index (SPI) and Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) for any discreet time interval and over a full calendar year. Tree shade UPF measurements are presented using video capture analysis of moving canopies A standard method for making accurate assessments of tree shade has been developed Tree shade comparisons are made without the need for specialist equipment
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Downs
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - H J Butler
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - L Baldwin
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A V Parisi
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - A Amar
- School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - J Vanos
- Arizona State University, School of Sustainability, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - S Harrison
- School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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Amar A, Majmundar AJ, Ullah I, Afzal A, Braun DA, Shril S, Daga A, Jobst-Schwan T, Ahmad M, Sayer JA, Gee HY, Halbritter J, Knöpfel T, Hernando N, Werner A, Wagner C, Khaliq S, Hildebrandt F. Gene panel sequencing identifies a likely monogenic cause in 7% of 235 Pakistani families with nephrolithiasis. Hum Genet 2019; 138:211-219. [PMID: 30778725 PMCID: PMC6426152 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis (NL) affects 1 in 11 individuals worldwide and causes significant patient morbidity. We previously demonstrated a genetic cause of NL can be identified in 11-29% of pre-dominantly American and European stone formers. Pakistan, which resides within the Afro-Asian stone belt, has a high prevalence of nephrolithiasis (12%) as well as high rate of consanguinity (> 50%). We recruited 235 Pakistani subjects hospitalized for nephrolithiasis from five tertiary hospitals in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Subjects were surveyed for age of onset, NL recurrence, and family history. We conducted high-throughput exon sequencing of 30 NL disease genes and variant analysis to identify monogenic causative mutations in each subject. We detected likely causative mutations in 4 of 30 disease genes, yielding a likely molecular diagnosis in 7% (17 of 235) of NL families. Only 1 of 17 causative mutations was identified in an autosomal recessive disease gene. 10 of the 12 detected mutations were novel mutations (83%). SLC34A1 was most frequently mutated (12 of 17 solved families). We observed a higher frequency of causative mutations in subjects with a positive NL family history (13/109, 12%) versus those with a negative family history (4/120, 3%). Five missense SLC34A1 variants identified through genetic analysis demonstrated defective phosphate transport. We examined the monogenic causes of NL in a novel geographic cohort and most frequently identified dominant mutations in the sodium-phosphate transporter SLC34A1 with functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ayesha Afzal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ankana Daga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mumtaz Ahmad
- Ganga Ram Hospital and Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle, NE7 7DN, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nati Hernando
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Werner
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carsten Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shagufta Khaliq
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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van der Ven AT, Connaughton DM, Ityel H, Mann N, Nakayama M, Chen J, Vivante A, Hwang DY, Schulz J, Braun DA, Schmidt JM, Schapiro D, Schneider R, Warejko JK, Daga A, Majmundar AJ, Tan W, Jobst-Schwan T, Hermle T, Widmeier E, Ashraf S, Amar A, Hoogstraaten CA, Hugo H, Kitzler TM, Kause F, Kolvenbach CM, Dai R, Spaneas L, Amann K, Stein DR, Baum MA, Somers MJG, Rodig NM, Ferguson MA, Traum AZ, Daouk GH, Bogdanović R, Stajić N, Soliman NA, Kari JA, El Desoky S, Fathy HM, Milosevic D, Al-Saffar M, Awad HS, Eid LA, Selvin A, Senguttuvan P, Sanna-Cherchi S, Rehm HL, MacArthur DG, Lek M, Laricchia KM, Wilson MW, Mane SM, Lifton RP, Lee RS, Bauer SB, Lu W, Reutter HM, Tasic V, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Causative Mutations in Families with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2348-2361. [PMID: 30143558 PMCID: PMC6115658 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most prevalent cause of kidney disease in the first three decades of life. Previous gene panel studies showed monogenic causation in up to 12% of patients with CAKUT. METHODS We applied whole-exome sequencing to analyze the genotypes of individuals from 232 families with CAKUT, evaluating for mutations in single genes known to cause human CAKUT and genes known to cause CAKUT in mice. In consanguineous or multiplex families, we additionally performed a search for novel monogenic causes of CAKUT. RESULTS In 29 families (13%), we detected a causative mutation in a known gene for isolated or syndromic CAKUT that sufficiently explained the patient's CAKUT phenotype. In three families (1%), we detected a mutation in a gene reported to cause a phenocopy of CAKUT. In 15 of 155 families with isolated CAKUT, we detected deleterious mutations in syndromic CAKUT genes. Our additional search for novel monogenic causes of CAKUT in consanguineous and multiplex families revealed a potential single, novel monogenic CAKUT gene in 19 of 232 families (8%). CONCLUSIONS We identified monogenic mutations in a known human CAKUT gene or CAKUT phenocopy gene as the cause of disease in 14% of the CAKUT families in this study. Whole-exome sequencing provides an etiologic diagnosis in a high fraction of patients with CAKUT and will provide a new basis for the mechanistic understanding of CAKUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie T van der Ven
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dervla M Connaughton
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hadas Ityel
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Mann
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julian Schulz
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - David Schapiro
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian K Warejko
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankana Daga
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weizhen Tan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte A Hoogstraaten
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Hugo
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Franziska Kause
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline M Kolvenbach
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rufeng Dai
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie Spaneas
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kassaundra Amann
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah R Stein
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle A Baum
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J G Somers
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy M Rodig
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael A Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avram Z Traum
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ghaleb H Daouk
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Radovan Bogdanović
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Stajić
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neveen A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Cairo University, Egypt
- Egyptian Group for Orphan Renal Diseases, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif El Desoky
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Fathy
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Danko Milosevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem S Awad
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Kidney Center Of Excellence, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Loai A Eid
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Kidney Center Of Excellence, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aravind Selvin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabha Senguttuvan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Mehta's Multi-Specialty Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Heidi L Rehm
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael W Wilson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shrikant M Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart B Bauer
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heiko M Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics and
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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Panday DR, Amar A, Subedi A, Hussain MS, Gupta M, Rauniar GP. Antibiotic Usage and its Culture Sensitivity Pattern in Urinary Tract Infections at Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2017; 15:332-335. [PMID: 30580352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The presence of microbial pathogen in the urinary tract is Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). In BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), each year there are around 1000 cases of UTIs. Antibiotic is empirically started after sending culture/sensitivity (c/s) with intention to change antibiotic if c/s demands. Objective To see the antimicrobial prescribing pattern and c/s pattern of UTI inpatients of BPKIHS together with their socio-demographic and laboratory profile. Method It was a Record-Based Retrospective Descriptive Study of past one-year. All available inpatient-records from Medical-Record Section were extensively searched for the keyword "UTI" diagnosis. The relevant data were entered in Microsoft Excel-sheet and analyzed with IBM SPSS 21. Ethical clearance was obtained from the IRC before study. Result There were 86 cases from four different wards. There was slight female preponderance (51.16%). Fifty-five (63.95%) cases were complicated. Fever (75.51%) was the most common symptom. Only 20% were tachycardic but 90% were tachypnic. Leucocytosis (59.26%), urine albumin within 30-100 mg/dl (33.85%) and >5 Urine WBC/hpf (80.26%) were seen. Ceftiaxone (53.16%) was the most commonly prescribed empirical antibiotic, followed by Cefixime (6.32%). Fourteen (16.27%) cases were culture positive. E. coli was the most (78.57%) common pathogen grown. In culture sensitivity study, Amikacin (42.85%) was the most sensitive antibiotic. Conclusion Eighty-six UTI inpatients were identified last year. Fever and Tachypnoea were very common. Leucocytosis, 1+ proteinuria and urine WBC>5/hpf were frequently seen. Ceftriaxone was the most common antibiotic prescribed. E. coli was the most common pathogen grown and Amikacin was the most sensitive antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Panday
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - A Amar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - A Subedi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Md S Hussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - M Gupta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - G P Rauniar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Hinton T, Musiol S, Mora J, Roberts J, Bowles R, Amar A, Lawson A, George S, Belsey J, Rudin J, Kitson S, Nightingale A. P3396Urinary drug metabolite testing in heart failure: a novel method for identifying poor adherence. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Qadeer MI, Amar A, Mann JJ, Hasnain S. Polymorphisms in dopaminergic system genes; association with criminal behavior and self-reported aggression in violent prison inmates from Pakistan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173571. [PMID: 28582390 PMCID: PMC5459412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to antisocial and criminal behavior. Dopamine transporter DAT-1 (SLC6A3) and DRD2 gene for the dopamine-2 receptor are dopaminergic system genes that regulate dopamine reuptake and signaling, and may be part of the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders including antisocial behaviors and traits. No previous studies have analyzed DAT-1 and DRD2 polymorphisms in convicted murderers, particularly from Indian subcontinent. In this study we investigated the association of 40 bp VNTR polymorphism of DAT-1 and Taq1 variant of DRD2 gene (rs1800479) with criminal behavior and self-reported aggression in 729 subjects, including 370 men in Pakistani prisons convicted of first degree murder(s) and 359 control men without any history of violence or criminal tendency. The 9R allele of DAT-1 VNTR polymorphism was more prevalent in convicted murderers compared with control samples, for either one or two risk alleles (OR = 1.49 and 3.99 respectively, P = 0.003). This potential association of DAT-1 9R allele polymorphism with murderer phenotype was confirmed assuming different genetic models of inheritance. However, no genetic association was found for DRD2 Taq1 polymorphism. In addition, a combined haplotype (9R-A2) of DAT-1 and DRD2 genes was associated with this murderer phenotype. Further, 9R allele of DAT-1 was also associated with response to verbal abuse and parental marital complications, but not with other measures pertinent to self-reported aggression. These results suggest that 9R allele, which may influence levels of intra-synaptic dopamine in the brain, may contribute to criminal tendency in this sample of violent murderers of Pakistani origin. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding in other populations of murderers and see if this finding extends to other forms of violence and lesser degrees of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadeer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J. John Mann
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
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Igoe DP, Amar A, Parisi AV, Turner J. Characterisation of a smartphone image sensor response to direct solar 305nm irradiation at high air masses. Sci Total Environ 2017; 587-588:407-413. [PMID: 28245932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This research reports the first time the sensitivity, properties and response of a smartphone image sensor that has been used to characterise the photobiologically important direct UVB solar irradiances at 305nm in clear sky conditions at high air masses. Solar images taken from Autumn to Spring were analysed using a custom Python script, written to develop and apply an adaptive threshold to mitigate the effects of both noise and hot-pixel aberrations in the images. The images were taken in an unobstructed area, observing from a solar zenith angle as high as 84° (air mass=9.6) to local solar maximum (up to a solar zenith angle of 23°) to fully develop the calibration model in temperatures that varied from 2°C to 24°C. The mean ozone thickness throughout all observations was 281±18 DU (to 2 standard deviations). A Langley Plot was used to confirm that there were constant atmospheric conditions throughout the observations. The quadratic calibration model developed has a strong correlation between the red colour channel from the smartphone with the Microtops measurements of the direct sun 305nm UV, with a coefficient of determination of 0.998 and very low standard errors. Validation of the model verified the robustness of the method and the model, with an average discrepancy of only 5% between smartphone derived and Microtops observed direct solar irradiances at 305nm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using the smartphone image sensor as a means to measure photobiologically important solar UVB radiation. The use of ubiquitous portable technologies, such as smartphones and laptop computers to perform data collection and analysis of solar UVB observations is an example of how scientific investigations can be performed by citizen science based individuals and groups, communities and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Igoe
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A Amar
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - A V Parisi
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Turner
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Parisi A, Downs N, Turner J, Amar A. Online educative activities for solar ultraviolet radiation based on measurements of cloud amount and solar exposures. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2016; 162:434-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nassi A, Guillon FX, Amar A, Hainque B, Amriche S, Maugé D, Markova E, Tsé C, Bigey P, Lazerges M, Bedioui F. Electrochemical DNA-biosensors based on long-range electron transfer: optimization of the amperometric detection in the femtomolar range using two-electrode setup and ultramicroelectrode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Cunningham
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence; University of Cape Town; Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - C. F. Madden
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence; University of Cape Town; Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - P. Barnard
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence; University of Cape Town; Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
- Climate Change Science Lead; South African National Biodiversity Institute; P/Bag X7 7735 Claremont Cape Town South Africa
| | - A. Amar
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence; University of Cape Town; Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
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Ullah MI, Ahmad A, Raza SI, Amar A, Ali A, Bhatti A, John P, Mohyuddin A, Ahmad W, Hassan MJ. In silico analysis of SIGMAR1 variant (rs4879809) segregating in a consanguineous Pakistani family showing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis without frontotemporal lobar dementia. Neurogenetics 2015; 16:299-306. [PMID: 26205306 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-015-0453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. It has been found to be associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). In the present study, we have described homozygosity mapping and gene sequencing in a consanguineous autosomal recessive Pakistani family showing non-juvenile ALS without signs of FTLD. Gene mapping was carried out in all recruited family members using microsatellite markers, and linkage was established with sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1) gene at chromosome 9p13.2. Gene sequencing of SIGMAR1 revealed a novel 3'-UTR nucleotide variation c.672*31A>G (rs4879809) segregating with disease in this family. The C9ORF72 repeat region in intron 1, previously implicated in a related phenotype, was excluded through linkage, and further confirmation of exclusion was obtained by amplifying intron 1 of C9ORF72 with multiple primers in affected individuals and controls. In silico analysis was carried out to explore the possible role of 3'-UTR variant of SIGMAR1 in ALS. The Regulatory RNA motif and Element Finder program revealed disturbance in miRNA (hsa-miR-1205) binding site due to this variation. ESEFinder analysis showed new SRSF1 and SRSF1-IgM-BRCA1 binding sites with significant scores due to this variation. Our results indicate that the 3'-UTR SIGMAR1 variant c.672*31A>G may have a role in the pathogenesis of ALS in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- PCR and Research Laboratories, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Ahmad
- Division of Neurology, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Peter John
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mohyuddin
- Section of Biochemistry, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer e Millat University (STMU), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Dione D, Jmahri H, Enniya F, Amar A, Raoundi O, Benamar L, Ouzeddoun N, Rhou H, Bayahia R. Profil lipidique des patients ayant eu une transplantation rénale au CHU Ibn-Sina de Rabat. Nephrol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.07.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dione D, Enniya F, Alioubane M, Jmahri H, Amar A, Raoundi O, Benamar L, Ouzeddoun N, Rhou H, Bayahia R. Profil métabolique des patients ayant eu une transplantation rénale au CHU Ibn-Sina de Rabat. Nephrol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.07.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dione D, Enniya F, Jmahri H, Alioubane M, Amar A, Raoundi O, Benamar L, Ouzeddoun N, Rhou H, Bayahia R. Prise de poids chez les patients ayant eu une greffe rénale un an après la transplantation : expérience du CHU Ibn-Sina de Rabat. Nephrol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.07.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dione D, Jmahri H, Enniya F, Alioubane M, Amar A, Raoundi O, Benamar L, Rhou H, Bayahia R, Ouzeddoun N. Profil de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë en réanimation de chirurgie digestive. Nephrol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.07.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hussain S, Amar A, Najeeb MN, Khaliq S. Two novel mutations in theNR5A1gene as a cause of disorders of sex development in a Pakistani cohort of 46,XY patients. Andrologia 2015; 48:509-17. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Health Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - A. Amar
- Department Human Genetics & Molecular Biology; University of Health Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. N. Najeeb
- Department of Biochemistry; Quaid-e-Azam Medical Collage; Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - S. Khaliq
- Department Human Genetics & Molecular Biology; University of Health Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
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Mohsin SN, Mahmood S, Amar A, Ghafoor F, Raza SM, Saleem M. Association of FcγRIIa Polymorphism with Clinical Outcome of Dengue Infection: First Insight from Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:691-6. [PMID: 26240159 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue illness has been a major health concern in Pakistan during the last decade. Dengue infection can result in a spectrum of clinically distinct outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infection to potentially life-threatening forms of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). A single-nucleotide polymorphism in FcγRIIa (rs1801274) results in altered affinity of the receptor for different subclasses of immunoglobulin G, and is a key player in determining the susceptibility to or protection from severe clinical infection of dengue. In this study, we analyzed the allelic and genotypic distribution of rs1801274 in subjects of Pakistani origin with subclinical dengue infection (n = 40), dengue fever (DF) (n = 40), and DHF/DSS (n = 30). We found that HH homozygotes and heterozygotes were significantly more likely to develop clinical dengue (odds ratio [OR] = 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29-7.97, P = 0.009), either DF (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.00-7.97, P = 0.045) or DHF/DSS (OR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.13-13.07, P = 0.024) than the asymptomatic dengue infection. Results of allelic distribution comparisons and logistic regression analysis also supported the same relationship. The results suggest complex nature of interacting factors in determining the course for severe dengue illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Naz Mohsin
- Pakistan Medical Research Council Research Centre, National Health Research Complex, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Pakistan Medical Research Council Research Centre, National Health Research Complex, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Pakistan Medical Research Council Research Centre, National Health Research Complex, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farkhanda Ghafoor
- Pakistan Medical Research Council Research Centre, National Health Research Complex, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mohsin Raza
- Pakistan Medical Research Council Research Centre, National Health Research Complex, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahjabeen Saleem
- Pakistan Medical Research Council Research Centre, National Health Research Complex, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rapoport A, Curioni OA, Amar A, Dedivitis RA. Review of survival rates 20-years after conservative surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 81:389-93. [PMID: 26120098 PMCID: PMC9442766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A less extensive thyroidectomy could be used for patients in the low risk group. Objective To perform a critical follow-up after lobectomy with isthmusectomy for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with a single nodule limited to the periphery of the lobe. Methods Thirty-one patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma operated on till 1993 were selected. They had undergone lobectomy with isthmusectomy. This is a retrospective cohort study in which the oncological outcome (contralateral and regional recurrence) and the reoperation complications (recurrent nerve paralysis/paresis and hypoparathyroidism) were evaluated. Descriptive analysis was employed. Results In the last decade (2003–2013), 6 (20%) contralateral recurrences were observed in the remaining lobe and in 1 of these cases (3%), contralateral lymph node metastases were noted. A completion thyroidectomy plus lymphadenectomy was performed, without modification of global survival. Conclusion Because of the rate of 20% of contralateral recurrence after a 20-year follow-up, we suggest modification of the surgical paradigm for total thyroidectomy as an initial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrão Rapoport
- Department of Surgery, Medicine School, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Health, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Otávio Alberto Curioni
- Lusíada Foundation (UNILUS), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ali Amar
- Lusíada Foundation (UNILUS), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Aparecido Dedivitis
- Larynx Group, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital das Clínicas, Medicine School, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Karim
- Department of Zoology, Government College of Science, Lahore, Pakistan and
| | - Asad Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Government College of Science, Lahore, Pakistan and
| | - Rehan Akhtar
- Department of Zoology, Government College of Science, Lahore, Pakistan and
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Zoology, Government College of Science, Lahore, Pakistan and
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Qamar
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Zoology, Government College of Science, Lahore, Pakistan and
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Amar A, Chedid HM, Curioni OA, Dedivitis RA, Rapoport A, Cernea CR, Brandão LG. Delayed postoperative radiation therapy in local control of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:477-9. [PMID: 25628200 PMCID: PMC4879915 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082014ao3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of time between surgery and postoperative radiation therapy on local recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Methods A total of 154 patients treated between 1996 and 2007 were selected considering local recurrence rate and time of the adjuvant radiotherapy. Results Local recurrence was diagnosed in 54 (35%) patients. Radiation therapy reduced the rate of local recurrences, although with no statistical significance. The time between surgery and initiation of postoperative radiotherapy did not significantly influence the risk of local recurrence in patients referred to adjuvant treatment (p=0.49). Conclusion In the presence of risk factors for local recurrence, a short delay in starting the adjuvant radiation therapy does not contraindicate its performance.
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Amar A, Rapoport A, Curioni OA, Dedivitis RA, Cernea CR, Brandão LG. Prognostic value of regional metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of mouth. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 79:734-7. [PMID: 24474486 PMCID: PMC9442422 DOI: 10.5935/1808-8694.20130134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of metastatic nodes is a survival-limiting factor for patients with mouth tumors. Objective To evaluate the causes of treatment failure in carcinomas of the tongue and floor of the mouth due to staging. Method This study included 365 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth treated from 1978 to 2007; 48 were staged as T1, 156 as T2, 98 as T3, and 63 as T4, of which 193 were pNo and 172 pN+. Results Among the pN+ cases, 17/46 (36.9%) of the patients not treated with radiation therapy had relapsing tumors, against 46/126 (36.5 %) of the patients who underwent radiation therapy. Success rates in the group of subjects submitted to salvage procedures were 16/51 (31.3%) for pN0 patients and 3/77 (3.9%) for pN+ patients. Conclusion Salvage procedure success and survival rates are lower for pN+ patients; pN+ individuals also have more relapsing local disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amar
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital Heliópolis, São PauloSP
| | | | - Otávio Alberto Curioni
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo
| | - Rogério Aparecido Dedivitis
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Claudio Roberto Cernea
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Lenine Garcia Brandão
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
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De Gaudemaris R, Pavillet J, Askri A, Amar A, Josselin V. Diagnostic et prévention des risques psychosociaux en milieu de soin : bilan de la méthode ORSOSA. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2014.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Amar A, Curioni OA, de Paiva DL, Rapoport A, Dedivitis RA, Cernea CR, Brandão LG. Epidemiological assessment and therapeutic response in hypopharyngeal cancer. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 79:500-4. [PMID: 23929153 PMCID: PMC9442406 DOI: 10.5935/1808-8694.20130089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the low incidence, diagnostic and therapeutic advances, hypopharyngeal cancer still has high mortality. Objective To evaluate retrospectively the epidemiological profile and response to surgery and radiation/chemotherapy of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. Method We reviewed the medical records of 114 patients treated between 2002 and 2009 in a tertiary hospital with histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Results The mean age of the patients was 57 years, 94.7% were males and 5.3% females, 98.2% were smokers and 92% consumed alcohol; 72% are illiterate or did not complete first grade schooling. The main complaints were: neck node (28%), pain and dysphagia (22%), odynophagia (12.2%), dysphonia (7.8%). The clinical staging was: I (1.7%), II (3.5%), III (18.4%), IV (76.3%). The treatment was carried out with radiotherapy and chemotherapy alone in 35%, with mean 2-year survival of 20% and 5-year survival of 18%; surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 22.8% with 2-year survival of 60.0% and 5 years of 55.0%; chemotherapy alone in 2.6%, and 39.4% without treatment. Conclusion Most patients already had advanced clinical stages and independent of the treatment option, had a low survival rate, confirming the poor prognosis of this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amar
- PhD in Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP (Assistant Physician - Department Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology - Heliópolis Hospital)
| | - Otávio Alberto Curioni
- Senior Associate Professor - Department of Surgery - School of Medical Sciences - Lusiada Foundation, Santos/SP (Head of the Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology - Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo. Head and Neck Surgeon of São José Hospital - RBBP, São Paulo)
| | - Diógenes Lopes de Paiva
- Resident physician in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Heliópolis Hospital (Resident Physician, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Heliópolis Hospital)
| | - Abrão Rapoport
- Senior Associate Professor at the Department of Surgery, Medical School of the University of São Paulo (Technical Director of the Department of Health, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo. Head and Neck Surgeon - RBBP of São José Hospital, São Paulo)
| | - Rogério Aparecido Dedivitis
- Senior Associate Professor - Larynx Group Supervisor - Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School of the University of São Paulo (MD)
- Send correspondence to: Rogério Aparecido Dedivitis. Rua Cônego Xavier, nº 276. São Paulo - SP. Brazil. CEP: 04231-030. Tel: (13) 8193-5000.
| | - Claudio Roberto Cernea
- Associate Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School of the University of São Paulo
| | - Lenine Garcia Brandão
- Full Professor - Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School of the University of São Paulo. Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a PET/CT na abordagem de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 63 prontuários e exames de PET/CT de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas alterações em 76% dos exames. Destes, 7 (11%) foram considerados falso-positivos, com SUV < 5,0. A PET/CT mostrou-se negativa em 15 situações (24%). Dos 14 casos nos quais se utilizou o exame para estadiamento, em 3 (22%) houve aumento no estadiamento. CONCLUSÃO: A PET/CT mostra-se como exame de potencial valor na rotina de avaliação de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, entretanto, necessitamos de maior número de casos para definirmos protocolo de uso.
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Amar A, Koeslag A, Curtis O. Plumage polymorphism in a newly colonized black sparrowhawk population: classification, temporal stability and inheritance patterns. J Zool (1987) 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Amar
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - A. Koeslag
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - O. Curtis
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
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