1
|
Visanji M, Venegas-Pino DE, Werstuck GH. Understanding One Half of the Sex Difference Equation: The Modulatory Effects of Testosterone on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:551-561. [PMID: 38061627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent disease, primarily characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Significantly higher rates of myocardial dysfunction have been noted in individuals with diabetes, even in those without coronary artery disease or high blood pressure (hypertension). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been identified through which diabetes contributes to the pathology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which presents as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. At the cellular level, oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiomyocytes are triggered by hyperglycemia. Although males are generally more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than females, diabetic males are less likely to develop diabetic cardiomyopathy than are diabetic females. One reason for these differences may be the higher levels of serum testosterone in males compared with females. Although testosterone appears to protect against cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and exacerbate hypertrophy, its role in inflammation and fibrosis is much less clear. Additional preclinical and clinical studies will be required to delineate testosterone's effect on the diabetic heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika'il Visanji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Geoff H Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Usselman CW, Lindsey ML, Robinson AT, Habecker BA, Taylor CE, Merryman WD, Kimmerly D, Bender JR, Regensteiner JG, Moreau KL, Pilote L, Wenner MM, O'Brien M, Yarovinsky TO, Stachenfeld NS, Charkoudian N, Denfeld QE, Moreira-Bouchard JD, Pyle WG, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H238-H255. [PMID: 37999647 PMCID: PMC11219057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular research, sex and gender have not typically been considered in research design and reporting until recently. This has resulted in clinical research findings from which not only all women, but also gender-diverse individuals have been excluded. The resulting dearth of data has led to a lack of sex- and gender-specific clinical guidelines and raises serious questions about evidence-based care. Basic research has also excluded considerations of sex. Including sex and/or gender as research variables not only has the potential to improve the health of society overall now, but it also provides a foundation of knowledge on which to build future advances. The goal of this guidelines article is to provide advice on best practices to include sex and gender considerations in study design, as well as data collection, analysis, and interpretation to optimally establish rigor and reproducibility needed to inform clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. In cardiovascular physiology, incorporating sex and gender is a necessary component when optimally designing and executing research plans. The guidelines serve as the first guidance on how to include sex and gender in cardiovascular research. We provide here a beginning path toward achieving this goal and improve the ability of the research community to interpret results through a sex and gender lens to enable comparison across studies and laboratories, resulting in better health for all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte W Usselman
- Cardiovascular Health and Autonomic Regulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Research Service, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Chloe E Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Derek Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Bender
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Louise Pilote
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Myles O'Brien
- School of Physiotherapy and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timur O Yarovinsky
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nisha Charkoudian
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Quin E Denfeld
- School of Nursing and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jesse D Moreira-Bouchard
- Q.U.E.E.R. Lab, Programs in Human Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - W Glen Pyle
- IMPART Team Canada Network, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patani A, Balram D, Yadav VK, Lian KY, Patel A, Sahoo DK. Harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants against adrenal hormone imbalance-associated oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1271521. [PMID: 38098868 PMCID: PMC10720671 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1271521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, resulting from dysregulation in the secretion of adrenal hormones, represents a major concern in human health. The present review comprehensively examines various categories of endocrine dysregulation within the adrenal glands, encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Additionally, a comprehensive account of adrenal hormone disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, and adrenal tumors, is presented, with particular emphasis on their intricate association with oxidative stress. The review also delves into an examination of various nutritional antioxidants, namely vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, and probiotics, and elucidates their role in mitigating the adverse effects of oxidative stress arising from imbalances in adrenal hormone levels. In conclusion, harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants has the potential to help with oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in adrenal hormones. This could lead to new research and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S.S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Balram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Kuang-Yow Lian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bening C, Genser B, Keller D, Müller-Altrock S, Radakovic D, Penov K, Hassan M, Aleksic I, Leyh R, Madrahimov N. Impact of estradiol, testosterone and their ratio on left and right auricular myofilament function in male and female patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:538. [PMID: 37925416 PMCID: PMC10625250 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of sex hormones on right and left auricular contractile apparatus function is largely unknown. We evaluated the impact of sex hormones on left and right heart contractility at the level of myocardial filaments harvested from left and right auricles during elective coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS 150 patients (132 male; 18 female) were enrolled. Preoperative testosterone and estradiol levels were measured with Immunoassay. Calcium induced force measurements were performed with left- and right auricular myofilaments in a skinned fiber model. Correlation analysis was used for comparison of force values and levels of sex hormones and their ratio. RESULTS Low testosterone was associated with higher top force values in right-sided myofilaments but not in left-sided myofilaments for both sexes (p = 0.000 in males, p = 0.001 in females). Low estradiol levels were associated with higher top force values in right-sided myofilaments (p 0.000) in females and only borderline significantly associated with higher top force values in males (p 0.056). In females, low estradiol levels correlated with higher top force values in left sided myofilaments (p 0.000). In males, higher Estradiol/Testosterone ratio (E/T ratio) was only associated with higher top force values from right auricular myofilaments (p 0.04) In contrast, in females higher E/T ratio was associated with lower right auricular myofilament top force values (p 0.03) and higher top force values in left-sided myofilaments (p 0.000). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that patients' comorbidities influence left and right sided contractility and may blur results concerning influence of sex hormones if not eliminated. A sex hormone dependent influence is obvious with different effects on the left and right ventricle. The E/T ratio and its impact on myofilament top force showed divergent results between genders, and may partially explain gender differences in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bening
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - B Genser
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Center for Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPD-BW), Heidelberg , Germany
| | - D Keller
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - S Müller-Altrock
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - D Radakovic
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - K Penov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M Hassan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - I Aleksic
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Leyh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - N Madrahimov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg Zentrum Operative Medizin, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fainchtein K, Tera Y, Kearn N, Noureldin A, Othman M. Hypercoagulability and Thrombosis Risk in Prostate Cancer: The Role of Thromboelastography. Semin Thromb Hemost 2023; 49:111-118. [PMID: 36410399 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of death in cancer. Cancer-induced hypercoagulable state contributes to thrombosis and is often overlooked. Prostate cancer may not be of high thrombogenic potential compared with other cancers, but its high prevalence brings it into focus. Pathological evidence for venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) in prostate cancer exists. Factors such as age, comorbidities, and therapies increase the VTE risk further. There is a need to systematically identify the risk of VTE in regard to patient-, cancer-, and treatment-related factors to risk stratify patients for better-targeted and individualized strategies to prevent VTE. Sensitive tests to enable such risk assessment are urgently required. There is sufficient evidence for the utility of thromboelastography (TEG) in cancer, but it is not yet part of the clinic and there is only limited data on the use of TEG in prostate cancer. One study revealed that compared with age-matched controls, 68.8% of prostate cancer patients demonstrated hypercoagulable TEG parameters. The absence of clinical guidelines is a limiting factor in TEG use in the cancer population. Cancer heterogeneity and the unique cancer-specific microenvironment in each patient, as well as determining the hypercoagulable state in each patient, are added limitations. The way forward is to combine efforts to design large multicenter studies to investigate the utility and clinical effectiveness of TEG in cancer and establish longitudinal studies to understand the link between hypercoagulable state and development of thrombosis. There is also a need to study low thrombogenic cancers as well as high thrombogenic ones. Awareness among clinicians and understanding of test applicability and interpretation are needed. Finally, expert discussion is critical to identify the investigation priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Fainchtein
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yousra Tera
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Natalie Kearn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdelrahman Noureldin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha Othman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,School of Baccalaureate Nursing, St. Lawrence College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahoo DK, Chainy GBN. Hormone-linked redox status and its modulation by antioxidants. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 121:197-246. [PMID: 36707135 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hormones have been considered as key factors involved in the maintenance of the redox status of the body. We are making considerable progress in understanding interactions between the endocrine system, redox status, and oxidative stress with the dynamics of life, which encompasses fertilization, development, growth, aging, and various pathophysiological states. One of the reasons for changes in redox states of vertebrates leading to oxidative stress scenario is the disruption of the endocrine system. Comprehending the dynamics of hormonal status to redox state and oxidative stress in living systems is challenging. It is more difficult to come to a unifying conclusion when some hormones exhibit oxidant properties while others have antioxidant features. There is a very limited approach to correlate alteration in titers of hormones with redox status and oxidative stress with growth, development, aging, and pathophysiological stress. The situation is further complicated when considering various tissues and sexes in vertebrates. This chapter discusses the beneficial impacts of hormones with antioxidative properties, such as melatonin, glucagon, insulin, estrogens, and progesterone, which protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce pathophysiological effects. Additionally, we discuss the protective effects of antioxidants like vitamins A, E, and C, curcumin, tempol, N-acetyl cysteine, α-lipoic acid, date palm pollen extract, resveratrol, and flavonoids on oxidative stress triggered by hormones such as aldosterone, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, and catecholamines. Inflammation, pathophysiology, and the aging process can all be controlled by understanding how antioxidants and hormones operate together to maintain cellular redox status. Identifying the hormonal changes and the action of antioxidants may help in developing new therapeutic strategies for hormonal imbalance-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa States University, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Gagan B N Chainy
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The relationship between serum sex hormone and cardiac echocardiographic findings in healthy men. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12787. [PMID: 35896587 PMCID: PMC9329341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum sex hormones are known to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but effects in healthy men on cardiac function have not been well quantified. The authors sought to evaluate an association of sex hormones with cardiac structure and function. Study participants were 857 Korean men without significant cardiovascular diseases participating in the Healthy Twin Study. We estimated the associations of total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with cardiac structure and function measured by echocardiography using a linear mixed regression model with consideration of random and fixed effects of covariates. The ratio of peak early diastolic velocity of mitral inflow over peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e') and left atrial volume index (LAVI), functional parameters reflecting left ventricle (LV) filling pressure, were inversely associated with TT even after further cross-adjustment for SHBG level. There was a positive association between LAVI and SHBG, regardless of TT adjustment. These findings suggest that serum testosterone level is positively associated with LV diastolic function independent of SHBG level.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dela Justina V, Miguez JSG, Priviero F, Sullivan JC, Giachini FR, Webb RC. Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:725884. [PMID: 35822017 PMCID: PMC9261391 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.725884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aslan R, Taken K, Erbin A, Alp HH, Eryilmaz R, Sarilar O, Huyut Z. The synergistic effects of testosterone and phophodiesterase-5 inhibitor combination on oxidative stress markers, matrix metalloproteinases and oxidative DNA damage: A randomized controlled experimental study. Rev Int Androl 2022; 20:73-79. [PMID: 35115255 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of combined tadalafil and testosterone usage on oxidative stress, DNA damage and MMPs in testosterone deficiency. METHODS Fifty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (group-1: sham group-placebo, group-2: bilateral orchiectomy (ORX), group-3: bilateral ORX+tadalafil, group-4: bilateral ORX+testosterone, group-5: bilateral ORX+tadalafil+testosterone). Group-3 received tadalafil (5mg/kg/day, oral). Group-4 was administered testosterone undecanoate (100mg/kg i.m., single dose). Group-5 was administered a combination of tadalafil and testosterone undecanoate. All groups were compared with regard to serum nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 (NOX-4), total thiol, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) levels. RESULTS Total thiol levels of group-2 were significantly lower than the other groups and thiol levels were higher in group-1 and group-5 than in the other groups. NOX4, MMP2 and 9 levels in group-2 were higher than in the other groups. MMP-9 levels in group-5 were lower than in groups 3 and 4 (p=.001). The level of 8-OHdG in groups 2 and 3 was higher than in the other groups (p=.001). In correlation analysis, 8-OHdG, MMP2, and 9 levels were negatively correlated with total thiol, whereas NOX4 and 8-OHdG levels were positively correlated with MMPs values. CONCLUSIONS The combination of testosterone with PDE-5 inhibitor suppresses MMP-9 levels and increases total thiol levels better than testosterone alone and tadalafil alone. Therefore, testosterone can be considered for use with PDE-5 inhibitor from the initial stage in case of testosterone deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Aslan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Kerem Taken
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Akif Erbin
- Department of Urology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Recep Eryilmaz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Omer Sarilar
- Department of Urology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koukoulis GN, Filiponi M, Gougoura S, Befani C, Liakos P, Bargiota Α. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone modulate the redox homeostasis of endothelium. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:660-670. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George N Koukoulis
- Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Maria Filiponi
- Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Sofia Gougoura
- Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Αlexandra Bargiota
- Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Babcock MC, DuBose LE, Witten TL, Stauffer BL, Hildreth KL, Schwartz RS, Kohrt WM, Moreau KL. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Are Associated With Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction in Men With Low Testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e500-e514. [PMID: 34597384 PMCID: PMC8764347 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vascular aging, including endothelial dysfunction secondary to oxidative stress and inflammation, increases the risk for age-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low testosterone in middle-aged/older men is associated with increased CVD risk. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that low testosterone contributes to age-associated endothelial dysfunction, related in part to greater oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 58 healthy, nonsmoking men categorized as young (N = 20; age 29 ± 4 years; testosterone 500 ± 58 ng/dL), middle-aged/older with higher testosterone (N = 20; age 60 ± 6 years; testosterone 512 ± 115 ng/dL), and middle-aged/older lower testosterone (N = 18; age 59 ± 8 years; testosterone 269 ± 48 ng/dL). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) was measured during acute infusion of saline (control) and vitamin C (antioxidant). Markers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant status and oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6 and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and androgen deficiency symptoms were also examined. RESULTS During saline, FMDBA was reduced in middle-aged/older compared with young, regardless of testosterone status (P < 0.001). FMDBA was reduced in middle-aged/older lower testosterone (3.7% ± 2.0%) compared with middle-aged/older higher testosterone (5.7% ± 2.2%; P = 0.021), independent of symptoms. Vitamin C increased FMDBA (to 5.3% ± 1.6%; P = 0.022) in middle-aged/older lower testosterone but had no effect in young (P = 0.992) or middle-aged/older higher testosterone (P = 0.250). FMDBA correlated with serum testosterone (r = 0.45; P < 0.001), IL-6 (r = -0.41; P = 0.002), and CRP (r = -0.28; P = 0.041). CONCLUSION Healthy middle-aged/older men with low testosterone appear to have greater age-associated endothelial dysfunction, related in part to greater oxidative stress and inflammation. These data suggest that low testosterone concentrations may contribute to accelerated vascular aging in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Babcock
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lyndsey E DuBose
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Teresa L Witten
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert S Schwartz
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: Kerrie L. Moreau, Ph.D., University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, 12631 East 17th Ave., Mail Stop B179, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adeyemi WJ, Lawal SI, Olatunji DB, Daoudu KT, Ogunlowo OT, Olayaki LA. Omega 3 fatty acids favour lipid and bone metabolism in orchidectomised rats. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
13
|
Moreau KL, Babcock MC, Hildreth KL. Sex differences in vascular aging in response to testosterone. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 32295637 PMCID: PMC7161199 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large elastic arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction are phenotypic characteristics of vascular aging, a major risk factor for age-associated cardiovascular diseases. Compared to men, vascular aging in women appears to be slowed until menopause, whereafter vascular aging accelerates to match that seen in men. These sex differences in vascular aging have been attributed to changes in sex hormones that occur with aging. Although the role of estradiol in vascular aging in women has been highlighted in recent aging research, little is known about the impact of declining testosterone concentrations in both sexes. Importantly, while androgen concentrations generally decline with age in men, there are data that indicate reductions in androgen concentrations in women as well. Evidence suggests that low testosterone is associated with impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness in men, although the effect of androgens on vascular aging in women remains unclear. Testosterone may modulate vascular aging by mitigating the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation, although there is sex specificity to this effect. The purpose of this review is to present and summarize the research regarding sex differences in vascular aging in response to androgens, specifically testosterone. Because exercise is a potent lifestyle factor for slowing and reversing vascular aging, we briefly summarize the available literature regarding the regulatory function of testosterone on vascular adaptations to exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie L Moreau
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Bldg. L15 Rm 8111, 12631 East 17th Ave., PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
| | - Matthew C Babcock
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Bldg. L15 Rm 8111, 12631 East 17th Ave., PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Bldg. L15 Rm 8111, 12631 East 17th Ave., PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
In aerobes, oxygen is essential for maintenance of life. However, incomplete reduction of oxygen leads to generation of reactive oxygen species. These oxidants oxidise biological macromolecules present in their vicinity and thereby impair cellular functions causing oxidative stress (OS). Aerobes have evolved both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defences to protect themselves from OS. Although hormones as means of biological coordination involve in regulation of physiological activities of tissues by regulating metabolism, any change in their normal titre leads to pathophysiological states. While, hormones such as melatonin, insulin, oestrogen, progesterone display antioxidant features, thyroid hormone, corticosteroids and catecholamines elicit free radical generation and OS, and the role of testosterone in inducing OS is debateable. This review is an attempt to understand the impact of free radical generation and cross talk between the hormones modulating antioxidant defence system under various pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan B N Chainy
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hester J, Ventetuolo C, Lahm T. Sex, Gender, and Sex Hormones in Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure. Compr Physiol 2019; 10:125-170. [PMID: 31853950 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that frequently lead to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Several types of PH exhibit sexually dimorphic features in disease penetrance, presentation, and progression. Most sexually dimorphic features in PH have been described in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a devastating and progressive pulmonary vasculopathy with a 3-year survival rate <60%. While patient registries show that women are more susceptible to development of PAH, female PAH patients display better RV function and increased survival compared to their male counterparts, a phenomenon referred to as the "estrogen paradox" or "estrogen puzzle" of PAH. Recent advances in the field have demonstrated that multiple sex hormones, receptors, and metabolites play a role in the estrogen puzzle and that the effects of hormone signaling may be time and compartment specific. While the underlying physiological mechanisms are complex, unraveling the estrogen puzzle may reveal novel therapeutic strategies to treat and reverse the effects of PAH/PH. In this article, we (i) review PH classification and pathophysiology; (ii) discuss sex/gender differences observed in patients and animal models; (iii) review sex hormone synthesis and metabolism; (iv) review in detail the scientific literature of sex hormone signaling in PAH/PH, particularly estrogen-, testosterone-, progesterone-, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-mediated effects in the pulmonary vasculature and RV; (v) discuss hormone-independent variables contributing to sexually dimorphic disease presentation; and (vi) identify knowledge gaps and pathways forward. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:125-170, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Hester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Corey Ventetuolo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Spotlight on a New Heme Oxygenase Pathway: Testosterone-Induced Shifts in Cardiac Oxidant/Antioxidant Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080288. [PMID: 31394727 PMCID: PMC6720826 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A low testosterone level contributes to the development of oxidative damages; however, the cardiovascular effects of exogenous hormone therapy are not well elucidated. The aim of our work is to study the association of the testosterone level, antioxidant/oxidant system, and anti-inflammatory status related to the heme oxygenase (HO) system. To determine the effects of testosterone, 10-week-old, and 24-month-old sham-operated and castrated male Wistar rats were used. One part of the castrated animals was daily treated with 2.5 mg/kg cyproterone acetate, while the hormone replacement therapy was performed via an i.m. injection of a dose of 8.0 mg testosterone undecanoate/kg/once a week. The plasma testosterone level, the activity of HO and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzymes; the concentrations of the HO-1, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), as well as the total level of glutathione (GSH + GSSG) were determined from the cardiac left ventricle. In accordance with the testosterone values, the aging process and castration resulted in a decrease in antioxidant HO activity, HO-1 and cGMP concentrations and in the level of GSH + GSSG, whereas the inflammatory TNF-α and MPO activity significantly increased. Testosterone therapy was able to restore the physiological values. Our results clearly show that testosterone replacement therapy increases the antioxidant status and mitigates the inflammatory parameters via the modulation of the HO system.
Collapse
|
17
|
Masuda K, Takanari H, Morishima M, Ma F, Wang Y, Takahashi N, Ono K. Testosterone-mediated upregulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel in cardiomyocytes causes abbreviation of QT intervals in rats. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:759-767. [PMID: 29332211 PMCID: PMC10717990 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Men have shorter rate-corrected QT intervals (QTc) than women, especially at the period of adolescence or later. The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term effects of testosterone on cardiac excitability parameters including electrocardiogram (ECG) and potassium channel current. Testosterone shortened QT intervals in ECG in castrated male rats, not immediately after, but on day 2 or later. Expression of Kv7.1 (KCNQ1) mRNA was significantly upregulated by testosterone in cardiomyocytes of male and female rats. Short-term application of testosterone was without effect on delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKs), whereas IKs was significantly increased in cardiomyocytes treated with dihydrotestosterone for 24 h, which was mimicked by isoproterenol (24 h). Gene-selective inhibitors of a transcription factor SP1, mithramycin, abolished the effects of testosterone on Kv7.1. Testosterone increases Kv7.1-IKs possibly through a pathway related to a transcription factor SP1, suggesting a genomic effect of testosterone as an active factor for cardiac excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Masuda
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takanari
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishima
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - FangFang Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Katsushige Ono
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fujita N, Takenaka A. Testosterone represses urinary excretion of the alpha-tocopherol metabolite alpha-carboxymethylhydroxychroman in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:59-64. [PMID: 30253278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In rats, plasma and tissue concentrations of α-tocopherol, a predominant form of vitamin E in mammals, are known to differ between the sexes. In order to examine sex differences in α-tocopherol metabolism, we investigated urinary excretion of the α-tocopherol metabolite α-carboxymethylhydroxychroman (α-CEHC) using Wistar rats. First, we measured α-CEHC in urine of 9-week-old male and female rats in basal and α-tocopherol-administered conditions. We observed that female rats excrete significantly more α-CEHC than male rats via urine. This sex difference was observed in matured 9-week-old rats but not in premature 3-week-old rats, suggesting that the difference may relate to sex hormones. In order to confirm this, we examined the effect of ovariectomy and orchiectomy on female and male rats, respectively. The results of castration clearly demonstrated that orchiectomy enhanced urinary excretion of α-CEHC, supporting the hypothesis that testosterone repressed α-tocopherol metabolism. We then administered testosterone propionate to orchiectomized rats and observed down-regulation of α-CEHC excretion. Taken together, these results indicate that testosterone represses the metabolism and urinary excretion of α-tocopherol in rats. This is the first report to show a sex-dependent difference in urinary excretion rate of an α-tocopherol metabolite and contributes to the understanding of vitamin E metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Fujita
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Asako Takenaka
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Regouat N, Cheboub A, Benahmed M, Belarbi A, Hadj-Bekkouche F. Effect of testosterone supplementation on nitroso-redox imbalance, cardiac metabolism markers, and S100 proteins expression in the heart of castrated male rats. Andrology 2017; 6:74-85. [PMID: 29194990 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of castration and testosterone supplementation on nitroso-redox status, cardiac metabolism markers, and S100 proteins expression in the heart of male rats. 50 male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups with ten animals each: group 1: control intact (CON); group 2: sham operated (Sh-O); group 3: sesame oil-treated rats (S-oil); group 4: gonadoectomized (GDX); and group 5: gonadoectomized rats treated with testosterone (GDX-T) for 8 weeks. Our results showed myofibrillar weaving, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis (as reflected by increased activity of MMP 9 and MMP 2) in the heart of gonadoectomized rats. Testosterone supplementation restored the normal structure of the heart. In addition, a state of nitroso-redox imbalance was observed in the heart of castrated rats with increased NO (425.1 ± 322.8 vs. 208 ± 67.06, p ˂ 0.05) and MDA (33.18 ± 9.45 vs. 22.04 ± 7.13, p ˂ 0.05) and decreased GSH levels (0.71 ± 0.13 vs. 1.09 ± 0.19, p = 0.001). Testosterone treatment leads to a re-establish of only NO levels (425.1 ± 322.8 vs. 210.4 ± 114.3, p > 0.05). Markers of cardiac metabolism showed an enhancement of LDH activity (12725 ± 4604 vs. 5381 ± 3122, p ˂ 0.05) in the heart of castrated rats. This was inversed by testosterone replacement (12725 ± 4604 vs. 5781 ± 5187, p ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, castration induced heart's accumulation of triglycerides (37.24 ± 6.17 vs. 27.88 ± 6.47, p ˂ 0.05) and total cholesterol (61.44 ± 3.59 vs. 54.11 ± 7.55, p ˂ 0.05), which were significantly reduced by testosterone supplementation (29.03 ± 2.47 vs. 37.24 ± 6.17, p ˂ 0.05) and (47.9 ± 4.15 vs. 61.44 ± 3.59, p ˂ 0.001). Cardiomyocytes of castrated rats showed a decreased immunoexpression of S100 proteins compared to control animals. A restoration of S100 proteins immunostaining in cardiomyocyte cytoplasm was observed after testosterone supplementation. These findings confirm the deleterious effects of testosterone deficiency on cardiac function and highlight the involvement of nitric oxide, metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and S100 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Regouat
- Team of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology, Algiers, Algeria
| | - A Cheboub
- Team of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology, Algiers, Algeria
| | - M Benahmed
- Pathological Anatomy Service of Pierre and Marie Curie Center Larbi Tebessi, Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - A Belarbi
- Pathological Anatomy Service of Djillali Bounaâma Hospital, Douera-Algiers, Algeria
| | - F Hadj-Bekkouche
- Team of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology, Algiers, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Villalpando DM, Rojas MM, García HS, Ferrer M. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplementation prevents the formation of cholesterol oxidation products in arteries from orchidectomized rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185805. [PMID: 28968462 PMCID: PMC5624632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency has been correlated with increased cardiovascular diseases, which in turn has been associated with increased oxidative stress. Several studies have considered cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) as oxidative stress biomarkers, since some of them play pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory roles. We have previously described the cardioprotective effects of a dosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplemented diet on the aortic and mesenteric artery function of orchidectomized rats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether impaired gonadal function alters the formation of COPs, as well as the potential preventive role of a DHA-supplemented diet on that effect. For this purpose, aortic and mesenteric artery segments obtained from control and orchidectomized rats, fed with a standard or supplemented with DHA, were used. The content of the following COPs: 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, 5,6α-epoxycholesterol, 5,6β-epoxycholesterol, cholestanetriol and 25-hydroxycholesterol, were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that orchidectomy increased the formation of COPs in arteries from orchidectomized rats, which may participate in the orchidectomy-induced structural and functional vascular alterations already reported. The fact that the DHA-supplemented diet prevented the orchidectomy-induced COPs increase confirms the cardiovascular protective actions of DHA, which could be of special relevance in mesenteric arterial bed, since it importantly controls the systemic vascular resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diva M. Villalpando
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mibsam M. Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Hugo S. García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
- * E-mail: (MF); (HSG)
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MF); (HSG)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tostes RC, Carneiro FS, Carvalho MHC, Reckelhoff JF. Reactive oxygen species: players in the cardiovascular effects of testosterone. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 310:R1-14. [PMID: 26538238 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00392.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are essential for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and sexual function and for overall health and well being. Testosterone, the predominant and most important androgen, not only affects the male reproductive system, but also influences the activity of many other organs. In the cardiovascular system, the actions of testosterone are still controversial, its effects ranging from protective to deleterious. While early studies showed that testosterone replacement therapy exerted beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease, some recent safety studies point to a positive association between endogenous and supraphysiological levels of androgens/testosterone and cardiovascular disease risk. Among the possible mechanisms involved in the actions of testosterone on the cardiovascular system, indirect actions (changes in the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and hemostatic mechanisms, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system), as well as direct actions (modulatory effects on proinflammatory enzymes, on the generation of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide bioavailability, and on vasoconstrictor signaling pathways) have been reported. This mini-review focuses on evidence indicating that testosterone has prooxidative actions that may contribute to its deleterious actions in the cardiovascular system. The controversial effects of testosterone on ROS generation and oxidant status, both prooxidant and antioxidant, in the cardiovascular system and in cells and tissues of other systems are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Tostes
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jane F Reckelhoff
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Women's Health Research Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pongkan W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Chronic testosterone replacement exerts cardioprotection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in testosterone-deprived rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122503. [PMID: 25822979 PMCID: PMC4379072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although testosterone deficiency is associated with increased risks of heart disease, the benefits of testosterone therapy are controversial. Moreover, current understanding on the cardiac effect of testosterone during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) periods is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that testosterone replacement attenuates the impairment of left ventricular (LV) function and heart rate variability (HRV), and reduces the infarct size and arrhythmias caused by I/R injury in orchiectomized (ORX) rats. Methodology ORX or sham-operated male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly divided and received either testosterone (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously administered) or the vehicle for 8 weeks. The ejection fraction (EF) and HRV were determined at baseline and the 4th and 8th week. I/R was performed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 30 minutes, followed by a 120-minute reperfusion. LV pressure, arrhythmia scores, infarct size and cardiac mitochondrial function were determined. Results Prior to I/R, EF and HRV were impaired in the ORX group, but were restored in the testosterone-treated group. During I/R, arrhythmia scores and the infarct size were greater, and cardiac mitochondrial function was impaired, whereas the time to 1st VT/VF onset and the LV end-systolic pressure were decreased in the ORX group when compared to the sham group. Testosterone replacement attenuated the impairment of these parameters in ORX rats during I/R injury, but did not show any benefit or adverse effect in non-ORX rats. Conclusions Testosterone replacement restores cardiac function and autonomic regulation, and exerts cardioprotective effects during the I/R period via mitochondrial protection in ORX rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanpitak Pongkan
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yarrow JF, Conover CF, Beggs LA, Beck DT, Otzel DM, Balaez A, Combs SM, Miller JR, Ye F, Aguirre JI, Neuville KG, Williams AA, Conrad BP, Gregory CM, Wronski TJ, Bose PK, Borst SE. Testosterone dose dependently prevents bone and muscle loss in rodents after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:834-45. [PMID: 24378197 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen administration protects against musculoskeletal deficits in models of sex-steroid deficiency and injury/disuse. It remains unknown, however, whether testosterone prevents bone loss accompanying spinal cord injury (SCI), a condition that results in a near universal occurrence of osteoporosis. Our primary purpose was to determine whether testosterone-enanthate (TE) attenuates hindlimb bone loss in a rodent moderate/severe contusion SCI model. Forty (n=10/group), 14 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive: (1) Sham surgery (T9 laminectomy), (2) moderate/severe (250 kdyne) SCI, (3) SCI+Low-dose TE (2.0 mg/week), or (4) SCI+High-dose TE (7.0 mg/week). Twenty-one days post-injury, SCI animals exhibited a 77-85% reduction in hindlimb cancellous bone volume at the distal femur (measured via μCT) and proximal tibia (measured via histomorphometry), characterized by a >70% reduction in trabecular number, 13-27% reduction in trabecular thickness, and increased trabecular separation. A 57% reduction in cancellous volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the distal femur and a 20% reduction in vBMD at the femoral neck were also observed. TE dose dependently prevented hindlimb bone loss after SCI, with high-dose TE fully preserving cancellous bone structural characteristics and vBMD at all skeletal sites examined. Animals receiving SCI also exhibited a 35% reduction in hindlimb weight bearing (triceps surae) muscle mass and a 22% reduction in sublesional non-weight bearing (levator ani/bulbocavernosus [LABC]) muscle mass, and reduced prostate mass. Both TE doses fully preserved LABC mass, while only high-dose TE ameliorated hindlimb muscle losses. TE also dose dependently increased prostate mass. Our findings provide the first evidence indicating that high-dose TE fully prevents hindlimb cancellous bone loss and concomitantly ameliorates muscle loss after SCI, while low-dose TE produces much less profound musculoskeletal benefit. Testosterone-induced prostate enlargement, however, represents a potential barrier to the clinical implementation of high-dose TE as a means of preserving musculoskeletal tissue after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Yarrow
- 1 VA Medical Center, Research Service, VA Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li K, Liu Y, Xia X, Wang L, Lu M, Hu Y, Xu C. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in the reproductive system of male mice may be involved in the sperm-oocyte fusion. Reproduction 2013; 146:135-44. [PMID: 23740083 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a 455-residue (∼55 kDa) protein found mainly in the primary (azurophilic) granules of human neutrophils. BPI is an endogenous antibiotic protein that belongs to the family of mammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding and lipid transport proteins. Its major function is to kill Gram-negative bacteria, thereby protecting the host from infection. In addition, BPI can inhibit angiogenesis, suppress LPS-mediated platelet activation, increase DNA synthesis, and activate ERK/Akt signaling. In this study, we found that Bpi was expressed in the testis and epididymis but not in the seminal vesicles, prostate, and solidification glands. BPI expression in the epididymis increased upon upregulation of testosterone, caused by injection of GNRH. In orchidectomized mice, BPI expression was significantly reduced, but its expression was restored to 30% of control levels in orchidectomized mice that received supplementary testosterone. The number of sperm fused per egg significantly decreased after incubation with anti-BPI antiserum. These results suggest that BPI may take part in the process of sperm-oocyte fusion and play a unique and significant role in reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang L, Lei D, Zhu GP, Hong L, Wu SZ. Physiological testosterone retards cardiomyocyte aging in Tfm mice via androgen receptor-independent pathway. CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL = CHUNG-KUO I HSUEH K'O HSUEH TSA CHIH 2013; 28:88-94. [PMID: 23806370 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(13)60028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether testosterone modulates markers of cardiomyocytes aging via its classic androgen receptor (AR)-dependent pathway or conversion to estradiol. METHODS Male littermates and testicular feminized (Tfm) mice were randomly separated into 4 experimental groups littermate controls (n=8), Tfm mice (n=7), testosterone-treated Tfm mice (n=8), and Tfm mice treated with testosterone in combination with the aromatase inhibitor anastrazole (n=7). Cardiomyocytes were isolated from mouse left ventricles, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using colorimetry method, and expression of p16(INK4α) and retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities of cardiomyocytes were decreased, and the MDA levels and the expression of p16(INK4α) and Rb proteins were increased in Tfm mice compared with control mice. An increase was observed in the activities of SOD and GSH-Px enzyme as well as a decrease in MDA levels and the expression of p16(INK4α) and Rb proteins in the testosterone-treated Tfm mice. After co-treatment with anastrazole in Tfm mice, these improvement were partly inhibited. CONCLUSION Physiological testosterone replacement can delay cardiomyocyte aging in Tfm mice, an effect that is independent of the AR pathway and in part conversion to estradiol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tóthová L, Celec P, Ostatníková D, Okuliarová M, Zeman M, Hodosy J. Effect of exogenous testosterone on oxidative status of the testes in adult male rats. Andrologia 2012; 45:417-23. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - P. Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - D. Ostatníková
- Institute of Physiology; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - M. Okuliarová
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - M. Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - J. Hodosy
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shafighi M, Olariu R, Brun C, Fathi AR, Djafarzadeh S, Jakob SM, Hunger RE, Banic A, Constantinescu MA. The role of androgens on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-induced angiogenesis and on the survival of ischemically challenged skin flaps in a rat model. Microsurgery 2012; 32:475-81. [PMID: 22707412 DOI: 10.1002/micr.21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of androgens on angiogenesis are controversial. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α promotes expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that stimulates angiogenesis. PURPOSE This study investigates whether androgens stabilize HIF-1α in endothelial cells, and androgen depletion decreases VEGF concentrations and skin flap survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and HIF-1α expression was measured. In male Wistar rats, standardized proximally based random pattern dorsal skin flaps (3 × 9 cm) were raised 4 weeks after orchiectomy and sham operation, respectively (n = 10, each). Flap VEGF concentrations (immunohistochemistry), perfusion (Laser Doppler), and viability (digital planimetry) were measured. RESULTS DHT induced HIF-1α expression in HUVECs. Androgen depletion induced decreased VEGF expression (P = 0.003), flap perfusion (P < 0.05), and survival (44.4% ± 5.2%) compared to controls (35.5% ± 4.5%; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION In vitro, androgens may stimulate HIF-1α under normoxic conditions. In rats, androgen depletion decrease VEGF expression and flap survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Shafighi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Berne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
High-dose testosterone propionate treatment reverses the effects of endurance training on myocardial antioxidant defenses in adolescent male rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 11:118-27. [PMID: 21312070 PMCID: PMC3085793 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluation of changes in activities of selected antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and contents of key nonenzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, protein thiol groups, and α- and γ-tocopherols) in the left heart ventricle of young male Wistar rats subjected to endurance training (treadmill running, 1 h daily, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks) or/and testosterone propionate treatment (8 or 80 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly, once a week, for 6 weeks) during adolescence. The training alone increased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, but lowered the pool of nonenzymatic antioxidants and enhanced myocardial oxidative stress as evidenced by elevation of the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde. The lower-dose testosterone treatment showed mixed effects on the individual components of the antioxidant defense system, but markedly enhanced lipid peroxidation. The higher-dose testosterone treatment decreased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, lowered the contents of the nonenzymatic antioxidants, except for that of γ-tocopherol, reversed the effect of endurance training on the antioxidant enzymes activities, and enhanced lipid peroxidation more than the lower-dose treatment. These data demonstrate the potential risk to cardiac health from exogenous androgen use, either alone or in combination with endurance training, in adolescents.
Collapse
|
29
|
Shiota M, Yokomizo A, Naito S. Oxidative stress and androgen receptor signaling in the development and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1320-8. [PMID: 21820046 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a critical role in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa), as well as in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Oxidative stress seems to contribute to the tumorigenesis and progression of PCa, as well as the development of CRPC, via activation of AR signaling. This notion is supported by the fact that there is an aberrant or improper regulation of the redox status in these disorders. Additionally, androgen-deprivation-induced oxidative stress seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders caused by androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), including osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress can be suppressed with antioxidants or via a reduction in reactive oxygen species production. Thus, developing new therapeutic agents that reduce oxidative stress might be useful in preventing the conversion of androgen-dependent PCa into CRPC, as well as reducing the adverse effects associated with ADT. The objective of this review is to provide an overview regarding the relationship between oxidative stress and AR signaling in the context of PCa and especially CRPC. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of antioxidant therapies in the treatment of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Herman E, Knapton A, Rosen E, Zhang J, Estis J, Agee SJ, Lu QA, Todd JA, Lipshultz SE. Baseline Serum Cardiac Troponin I Concentrations in Sprague-Dawley, Spontaneous Hypertensive, Wistar, Wistar-Kyoto, and Fisher Rats as Determined with an Ultrasensitive Immunoassay. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:653-63. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623311406931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac troponins have proved to be reliable blood biomarkers for identifying a variety of myocardial alterations in humans and animals. Recently, an ultrasensitive cTnI assay (Erenna IA) has been used to demonstrate increases in baseline cTnI resulting from drug-induced myocardial injury in rats, dogs, and monkeys, as well as to document baseline cTnI ranges in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The present study was initiated to use the Erenna cTnI assay to further document baseline cTnI concentrations in normal control animals from multiple strains, including SD, Spontaneous Hypertensive (SHR), Wistar, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Fisher strains. Baseline cTnI concentrations were quantified in all rats tested, and males had higher mean cTnI concentrations than females of the same strain. SHR males had the highest mean cTnI concentrations and the largest cTnI variability. Interestingly, cTnI concentrations increased in castrated SHR compared with unaltered male SHR, whereas cTnI concentrations decreased in ovariectomized SHR compared with unaltered female SHR. These results show significant differences in cTnI concentrations between strains, sexes, and noncardiac surgical alterations in control animals, and identify these as potential contributing factors to cTnI baseline variability that should be taken into account when using ultrasensitive cTnI as a biomarker to assess preclinical cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Herman
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan Knapton
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elliot Rosen
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Estis
- Singulex, Inc., Alameda, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ventetuolo CE, Ouyang P, Bluemke DA, Tandri H, Barr RG, Bagiella E, Cappola AR, Bristow MR, Johnson C, Kronmal RA, Kizer JR, Lima JAC, Kawut SM. Sex hormones are associated with right ventricular structure and function: The MESA-right ventricle study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:659-67. [PMID: 20889903 PMCID: PMC3081282 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201007-1027oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sex hormones have effects on the left ventricle, but hormonal influences on the right ventricle (RV) are unknown. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that sex hormones would be associated with RV morphology in a large cohort free of cardiovascular disease. METHODS Sex hormones were measured by immunoassay and RV ejection fraction (RVEF), stroke volume (RVSV), mass, end-diastolic volume, and end-systolic volume (RVESV) were measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 1,957 men and 1,738 postmenopausal women. The relationship between each hormone and RV parameter was assessed by multivariate linear regression. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Higher estradiol levels were associated with higher RVEF (β per 1 ln[nmol/L], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 1.43; P = 0.002) and lower RVESV (β per 1 ln[nmol/L], -0.87; 95% CI, -1.67 to -0.08; P = 0.03) in women using hormone therapy. In men, higher bioavailable testosterone levels were associated with higher RVSV (β per 1 ln[nmol/L], 1.97; 95% CI, 0.20 to 3.73; P = 0.03) and greater RV mass and volumes (P ≤ 0.01). Higher dehydroepiandrosterone levels were associated with higher RVSV (β per 1 ln[nmol/L], 1.37; 95% CI, 0.15 to 2.59; P = 0.03) and greater RV mass (β per 1 ln[nmol/L], 0.25; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.49; P = 0.05) and volumes (P ≤ 0.001) in women. CONCLUSIONS Higher estradiol levels were associated with better RV systolic function in women using hormone therapy. Higher levels of androgens were associated with greater RV mass and volumes in both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey E. Ventetuolo
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Emilia Bagiella
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Anne R. Cappola
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael R. Bristow
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Craig Johnson
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Richard A. Kronmal
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Joao A. C. Lima
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Steven M. Kawut
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meydan S, Kus I, Tas U, Ogeturk M, Sancakdar E, Dabak DO, Zararsız I, Sarsılmaz M. Effects of testosterone on orchiectomy-induced oxidative damage in the rat hippocampus. J Chem Neuroanat 2010; 40:281-5. [PMID: 20696235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of the hippocampus after orchiectomy and the protective effects of testosterone on these changes. Animals were divided into 3 groups. The rats in group I were used for sham-orchiectomy. Orchiectomy was performed on the rats in group II. The rats in group III were administrated testosterone propionate 0.5mg/kg/day for 30 days after the orchiectomy. Some of the hippocampal tissues were used for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The remaining hippocampal tissue specimens were stained with routine histological methods and examined under the light microscope. Additionally, the samples were immunohistochemically stained by using avidin-biotin-peroxidase for determination of bax immunoreactivity. The SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities of the hippocampus were decreased, and MDA levels were increased in group II rats compared to the sham-orchiectomy group. In the light microscopic evaluation of the tissue specimens from group II, significant increases were detected in the number of picnotic cells and in bax immunoreactivity compared to the sham-orchiectomy group. However, an increase was observed in activities of SOD and GSH-Px enzymes and a decrease of the MDA levels in animals with orchiectomy, but having externally administered testosterone. It was determined that the increase of bax immunoreactivity and histopathological changes in this group were regressed by testosterone. The results of our study revealed that orchiectomy-induced oxidative damage and morphological changes in the hippocampal tissue were suppressed by testosterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Meydan
- Department of Anatomy, Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medical, Hatay, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bhupathy P, Haines CD, Leinwand LA. Influence of sex hormones and phytoestrogens on heart disease in men and women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:77-95. [PMID: 20088732 DOI: 10.2217/whe.09.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women worldwide. According to the WHO, by 2015, almost 20 million people will die from CVD each year. It is well established that men and women differ not only in baseline cardiac parameters, but also in the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of CVD. Women tend to develop heart disease later in life than men. This difference has been attributed to the loss of estrogen during the menopausal transition; however, the biological explanations for the sexual dimorphism in CVD are more complex and seem unlikely to be due to estrogen alone. The current controversy that has arisen regarding the effects of HRT on CVD in women is a case in point. In this review, the sex-based differences in cardiac (patho-) physiology are discussed with emphasis on the impact of sex hormones, hormone receptors and diet on heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Bhupathy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-80347, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Van Hemelrijck M, Adolfsson J, Garmo H, Bill-Axelson A, Bratt O, Ingelsson E, Lambe M, Stattin P, Holmberg L. Risk of thromboembolic diseases in men with prostate cancer: results from the population-based PCBaSe Sweden. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11:450-8. [PMID: 20395174 PMCID: PMC2861771 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic diseases, but data on the association between prostate cancer and thromboembolic diseases are scarce. We investigated the risk of thromboembolic disease in men with prostate cancer who were receiving endocrine treatment, curative treatment, or surveillance. Methods We analysed data from PCBaSe Sweden, a database based on the National Prostate Cancer Register, which covers over 96% of prostate cancer cases in Sweden. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) of deep-venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and arterial embolism were calculated by comparing observed and expected (using the total Swedish male population) occurrences of thromboembolic disease, taking into account age, calendar-time, number of thromboembolic diseases, and time since previous thromboembolic disease. Findings Between Jan 1, 1997, and Dec 31, 2007, 30 642 men received primary endocrine therapy, 26 432 curative treatment, and 19 526 surveillance. 1881 developed a thromboembolic disease. For men on endocrine therapy, risks for DVT (SIR 2·48, 95% CI 2·25–2·73) and pulmonary embolism (1·95, 1·81–2·15) were increased, although this was not the case for arterial embolism (1·00, 0·82–1·20). Similar patterns were seen for men who received curative treatment (DVT: 1·73, 1·47–2·01; pulmonary embolism: 2·03, 1·79–2·30; arterial embolism: 0·95, 0·69–1·27) and men who were on surveillance (DVT: 1·27, 1·08–1·47; pulmonary embolism: 1·57, 1·38–1·78; arterial embolism: 1·08, 0·87–1·33). Increased risks for thromboembolic disease were maintained when patients were stratified by age and tumour stage. Interpretation All men with prostate cancer were at higher risk of thromboembolic diseases, with the highest risk for those on endocrine therapy. Our results indicate that prostate cancer itself, prostate cancer treatments, and selection mechanisms all contribute to increased risk of thromboembolic disease. Thromboembolic disease should be a concern when managing patients with prostate cancer. Funding Swedish Research Council, Stockholm Cancer Society, and Cancer Research UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London, School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) Val-9Ala polymorphism and cancer risk – A meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:2874-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
36
|
Kłapcińska B, Sadowska-Krepa E, Jagsz S, Sobczak A, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Górski J, Langfort J. Short-term effects of electrically induced tachycardia on antioxidant defenses in the normal and hypertrophied rat left ventricle. J Physiol Sci 2009; 59:199-206. [PMID: 19340539 PMCID: PMC10717836 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress resulting from enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and/or inadequate mechanisms of antioxidant defenses has been recognized as an important factor contributing to the initiation and progression of cardiac dysfunction under a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions. The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of electrically induced tachycardia on oxidative stress and the capacity of antioxidant defenses in the normal and hypertrophied left ventricle (LV) in the rat. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was produced by banding the descending abdominal aorta. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured in the LV of aortic-banded animals (LVH), untreated or banded rats subjected to short-term (45 min) atrial pacing [(CTR + S) and (LVH + S), respectively], and untreated (CTR) or sham-operated (SHAM) controls. The results indicate that the increase in heart rate in vivo as a result of atrial pacing to a maximum level, independent of sympathetic nerve activity, leads to a substantial increase in oxidative stress and a marked decline in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in both the normal and hypertrophied left ventricle of the rat. The accompanying increase in tissue content of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols seem to contribute to attenuation of the oxidant stress-related loss of thiol stores in the LV. Stable left ventricular hypertrophy induced by aortic banding for six weeks has a minor impact on the capacity of the endogenous antioxidant defense system in the LV, but significantly and negatively affects the ability of the heart LV to tolerate the stress of tachycardia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kłapcińska
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 72A Mikołowska Str, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|