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Grafakou ME, Barda C, Skaltsa H, Heilmann J. Study on the metabolism of natural sesquiterpene lactones in human liver microsomes using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1855-1863. [PMID: 37354443 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2226301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are naturally occurring, highly active -specialised metabolites, which are biosynthesized by important medicinal plants, fulfilling many functions. The in vitro metabolism of parthenolide (1), grosheimin (2), carbetolide C (3), 8α-O-(3,4-dihydroxy--methylenebutanoyloxy)-dehydromelitensin (4) and arteludovicinolide A (5) was examined using human liver microsomes. Phase I, phase II (glucuronidation), as well as combined phase I + II metabolism were studied. Metabolites were identified via liquid chromatography-high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Monohydroxylated, hydrated, carboxylated, methylated derivatives, together with corresponding monoglucuronides were detected, suggesting that the metabolism of sesquiterpene lactones is changeable due to structural features and scaffold diversity, though the lactone ring is the main site of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Grafakou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Barda
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joerg Heilmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Tsiftsoglou OS, Krigas N, Gounaris C, Papitsa C, Nanouli M, Vartholomatos E, Markopoulos GS, Isyhou R, Alexiou G, Lazari D. Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Achillea grandifolia Friv. (Asteraceae) and Main Compounds' Effects on a Glioblastoma Cellular Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051383. [PMID: 37242625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims at the isolation and structural determination of the secondary metabolites of the herbaceous perennial plant Achillea grandifolia Friv. (Asteraceae). The examination of the non-volatile content of the leaves and flowers of A. grandifolia afforded the isolation of sixteen secondary metabolites. On the basis of NMR spectra, the identified compounds included ten sesquiterpene lactones; three guaianolides-rupicolin A (1), rupicolin B (2), and (4S,6aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-4,6a,9-trihydroxy-9-methyl-3,6-dimethylene-3a,4,5,6,6a,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno [4,5-b]furan-2-one (3); two eudesmanolides-artecalin (4) and ridentin B (5); two sesquiterpene methyl esters-(1S,2S,4αR,5R,8R,8αS)-decahydro-1,5,8-trihydroxy-4α,8-dimethyl-methylene-2-naphthaleneacetic acid methylester (6) and 1β, 3β, 6α-trihydroxycostic acid methyl ester (7); three secoguaianolides-acrifolide (8), arteludovicinolide A (9), and lingustolide A (10); and an iridoid-loliolide (11). Moreover, five known flavonoids, i.e., apigenin, luteolin, eupatolitin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (12-16) were also purified from the aerial parts of the plant material. We also investigated the effect of rupicolin A (1) and B (2) (main compounds) on U87MG and T98G glioblastoma cell lines. An MTT assay was performed to define cytotoxic effects and to calculate the IC50, while flow cytometry was employed to analyze the cell cycle. The IC50 values of reduced viability during the 48 h treatment for compound (1) and (2) were 38 μM and 64 μM for the U87MG cells and 15 μM and 26 μM for the T98G cells, respectively. Both rupicolin A and B induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Christos Gounaris
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Papitsa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Nanouli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgios S Markopoulos
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology and Translational Flow Cytometry, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Rafaela Isyhou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Xue GM, Zhao CG, Xue JF, Du K, Duan JJ, Pan H, Li M, Chen H, Sun YJ, Feng WS, Ma T, Zhang WD. Germacranolide- and guaianolide-type sesquiterpenoids from Achillea alpina L. reduce insulin resistance in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113297. [PMID: 35803306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation on the aerial part of Achillea alpina L. led to the isolation of twenty sesquiterpenoids. The structures of the undescribed achigermalides A-H were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including NMR, HRESIMS, UV and IR, and their absolute configurations were established by computational electronic circular dichroism (ECD) method. The X-ray crystal structure for 8α-angeloxy-1β,2β:4β,5β-diepoxy-10β-hydroxy-6βH,7αH,11βH-12,6α-guaianolide was reported for the first time. Glucose consumption was analyzed to investigate the effect of all compounds on palmitic acid (PA)-mediated insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells, and achigermalides D-F, desacetylherbohde A, and 4E,10E-3-(2-methylbutyroyloxy)-germacra-4,10(1)-diene-12,6α-olide appreciably enhanced the glucose consumption at low concentrations of 1.56-6.25 μM. Moreover, achigermalide D decreased the expression of IL-1β and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and also down-regulated the protein levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, caspase-1 and NF-κB in the Western blot analysis, suggesting achigermalide D mediated IR via the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Min Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Chen-Guang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Kun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiang-Jing Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hao Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yan-Jun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wen-Da Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Phytochemistry and Evidence-Based Traditional Uses of the Genus Achillea L.: An Update (2011–2021). Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge within the field of phytochemistry research has accelerated at a tremendous speed. The excess of literature reports featuring plants of high ethnopharmacological importance, in combination with our interest in the Asteraceae family and traditional medicine, led us to acknowledge the value of the Achillea L. genus. In a broad context, the various Achillea species are used around the globe for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including gastrointestinal problems, haemorrhages, pneumonia, rheumatic pains, diuresis, inflammation, infections, and wounds, as well as menstrual and gynaecologic abnormalities. The present review aims to provide and summarize the recent literature (2011–2021) on the phytochemistry of the Achillea genus. In parallel, this study attempts to bridge the reports on the traditional uses with modern pharmacological data. Research articles that focused on secondary metabolites, traditional uses and pharmacological activities were collected from various scientific databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Reaxys and Google Scholar. This study revealed the presence of 141 phytochemicals, while 24 traditionally used Achillea spp. were discussed in comparison to current data with an experimental basis.
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Ayan İÇ, Çetinkaya S, Dursun HG, Güneş CE, Şirin S. Anticancer Effect and Phytochemical Profile of the Extract from Achillea ketenoglui against Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1769-1779. [PMID: 34503424 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210908110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), the search for new antineoplastic drugs with fewer side effects and more effectiveness continues. A significant part of these pursuits and efforts focus on medicinal herbs and plant components derived from these plants. A. ketenoglui is one of these medicinal plants, and its anticancer potential has never been studied before. METHODS The phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of A. ketenoglui extracts were determined. The phytochemical profiling and quantification analysis of major components were performed by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Cytotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated to reveal the anticancer activity of the extract on CRC cells (HCT 116 and HT-29). The determined anticancer activity was confirmed by mRNA (RT-qPCR) and protein (Western blotting) analyzes. RESULTS A. ketenoglui methanol extract was found to have high phenolic (281.89±0.23) and flavonoid (33.80±0.15) content and antioxidant activity (IC50 40.03±0.38). According to the XTT assay, the extract has strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 350 µM in HCT 116 and IC50 263 µM in HT-29 cell line). The compounds most commonly found in the plant are, in descending order, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, genistin, baicalin, eupatorin, casticin, and luteolin. In flowcytometric analysis, the extract was found to induce greater apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in both cell lines than in both control and positive control (casticin). According to the results of the mRNA expression analysis, the extract treatment upregulated the expression of the critical genes of the cell cycle and apoptosis, such as p53, p21, caspase-3, and caspase-9. In protein expression analysis, an increase in caspase-3 and p53 expression was observed in both cell lines treated with the extract. In addition, caspase-9 expression was increased in HT-29 cells. CONCLUSION The findings show that A. ketenoglui has an anticancer potential by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cancer cell cycle and may be promising for CRC therapy. This potential of the plant is realized through the synergistic effects of its newly identified components.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Çınar Ayan
- Department of Medical Biology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya. Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Çetinkaya
- Biotechnology Research Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Yenimahalle, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Hatice Gül Dursun
- Department of Medical Biology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya. Turkey
| | - Canan Eroğlu Güneş
- Department of Medical Biology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya. Turkey
| | - Seda Şirin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara. Turkey
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Stojković D, Nikolić M, Soković M. Medicinal Plants and Mushrooms as Unfailing Source of Pharmacological Active Molecules for the Treatment and Supportive Therapy in Chronic Diseases and Conditions. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:6891. [PMID: 33323096 DOI: 10.2174/092986732741201103103456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stojković
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Nikolić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Yousuf M, Khan P, Shamsi A, Shahbaaz M, Hasan GM, Haque QMR, Christoffels A, Islam A, Hassan MI. Inhibiting CDK6 Activity by Quercetin Is an Attractive Strategy for Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27480-27491. [PMID: 33134711 PMCID: PMC7594119 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) is a potential drug target that plays an important role in the progression of different types of cancers. We performed in silico and in vitro screening of different natural compounds and found that quercetin has a high binding affinity for the CDK6 and inhibits its activity with an IC50 = 5.89 μM. Molecular docking and a 200 ns whole atom simulation of the CDK6-quercetin complex provide insights into the binding mechanism and stability of the complex. Binding parameters ascertained by fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry studies revealed a binding constant in the range of 107 M-1 of quercetin to the CDK6. Thermodynamic parameters associated with the formation of the CDK6-quercetin complex suggested an electrostatic interaction-driven process. The cell-based protein expression studies in the breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cells revealed that the treatment of quercetin decreases the expression of CDK6. Quercetin also decreases the viability and colony formation potential of selected cancer cells. Moreover, quercetin induces apoptosis, by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species and CDK6 expression. Both in silico and in vitro studies highlight the significance of quercetin for the development of anticancer leads in terms of CDK6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yousuf
- Department
of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Parvez Khan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Shahbaaz
- South
African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African
National Bioinformatics Institute, University
of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, South
Ural State University, 76 Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alan Christoffels
- South
African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African
National Bioinformatics Institute, University
of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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