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Hale OJ, Ryumin P, Brown JM, Morris M, Cramer R. Production and analysis of multiply charged negative ions by liquid atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35 Suppl 1:e8246. [PMID: 30067883 PMCID: PMC7757204 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Liquid atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (AP-MALDI) has been shown to enable the production of electrospray ionisation (ESI)-like multiply charged analyte ions with little sample consumption and long-lasting, robust ion yield for sensitive analysis by mass spectrometry (MS). Previous reports have focused on positive ion production. Here, we report an initial optimisation of liquid AP-MALDI for ESI-like negative ion production and its application to the analysis of peptides/proteins, DNA and lipids. METHODS The instrumentation employed for this study is identical to that of earlier liquid AP-MALDI MS studies for positive analyte ion production with a simple non-commercial AP ion source that is attached to a Waters Synapt G2-Si mass spectrometer and incorporates a heated ion transfer tube. The preparation of liquid MALDI matrices is similar to positive ion mode analysis but has been adjusted for negative ion mode by changing the chromophore to 3-aminoquinoline and 9-aminoacridine for further improvements. RESULTS For DNA, liquid AP-MALDI MS analysis benefited from switching to 9-aminoacridine-based MALDI samples and the negative ion mode, increasing the number of charges by up to a factor of 2 and the analyte ion signal intensities by more than 10-fold compared with the positive ion mode. The limit of detection was recorded at around 10 fmol for ATGCAT. For lipids, negative ion mode analysis provided a fully orthogonal set of detected lipids. CONCLUSIONS Negative ion mode is a sensitive alternative to positive ion mode in liquid AP-MALDI MS analysis. In particular, the analysis of lipids and DNA benefited from the complementarity of the detected lipid species and the vastly greater DNA ion signal intensities in negative ion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Pavel Ryumin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Jeffery M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Michael Morris
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Rainer Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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Jung JW, Lee MS, Choi HJ, Jung S, Lee YJ, Hwang GS, Kwon TH. Mass spectrometric imaging of metabolites in kidney tissues from rats treated with furosemide. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1317-27. [PMID: 26962105 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00524.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the kidney, metabolic processes are different among the cortex (COR), outer medulla (OM), and inner medulla (IM). Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we examined the change of metabolites in the COR, OM, and IM of the rat kidney after furosemide treatment compared with vehicle-treated controls. Osmotic minipumps were implanted in male Sprague-Dawley rats to deliver 12 mg·day(-1)·rat(-1) of furosemide. Vehicle-treated (n = 14) and furosemide-treated (furosemide rats, n = 15) rats in metabolic cages received a fixed amount of rat chow (15 g·220 g body wt(-1)·day(-1) for each rat) with free access to water intake for 6 days. At day 6, higher urine output (32 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 1 ml/day) and lower urine osmolality (546 ± 44 vs. 1,677 ± 104 mosmol/kgH2O) were observed in furosemide rats. Extracts of COR, OM, and IM were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, where multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups. Several metabolites, including acetylcarnitine, betaine, carnitine, choline, and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), were significantly changed. The changes of metabolites were further identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF and IMS. Their spatial distribution and relative quantitation in the kidneys were analyzed by IMS. Carnitine compounds were increased in COR and IM, whereas carnitine and acetylcarnitine were decreased in OM. Choline compounds were increased in COR and OM but decreased in IM from furosemide rats. Betaine and GPC were decreased in OM and IM. Taken together, MALDI-TOF/TOF and IMS successfully provide the spatial distribution and relative quantitation of metabolites in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Sosnowski P, Zera T, Wilenska B, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Misicka A. Imaging and identification of endogenous peptides from rat pituitary embedded in egg yolk. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:327-335. [PMID: 26406344 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can provide accurate data containing the spatial distribution of endogenous peptides in tissue sections without previous treatment. One of the key issues in analyzing small samples is establishing a proper technique for mounting and manipulating collected tissue in order to avoid contamination of the sample with optimal cutting temperature (OCT) resin. METHODS We present a method for embedding rat pituitary tissue in a frozen egg yolk block, which enables its further imaging in experiments on a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometer with time-of-flight (TOF) analyzer. Embedding the sample in the egg yolk prevents contamination from the OCT resin, which decreases MALDI signal quality. RESULTS In the present study we detected numerous m/z peaks related to endogenous peptides. We identified fifteen peptides and their post-translational modifications by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) directly on tissue sections of the hypophysis posterior and intermediate lobes; among these peptides were vasopressin, oxytocin, copeptin, melanocyte-stimulating hormones and beta-endorphin. We also showed that egg yolk itself does not affect localization of peptides in the pituitary. CONCLUSIONS Egg yolk embedding enables preparation of tissue sections from small tissue fragments to organs such as the pituitary gland, which is suitable for localization and identification of endogenous peptides by the MALDI-MSI and MALDI-MS/MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sosnowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Zera
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Wilenska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Muller L, Kailas A, Jackson SN, Roux A, Barbacci DC, Schultz JA, Balaban CD, Woods AS. Lipid imaging within the normal rat kidney using silver nanoparticles by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Kidney Int 2015; 88:186-92. [PMID: 25671768 PMCID: PMC4527327 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The well-characterized cellular and structural components of the kidney show distinct regional compositions and distribution of lipids. In order to more fully analyze the renal lipidome we developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry approach for imaging that may be used to pinpoint sites of changes from normal in pathological conditions. This was accomplished by implanting sagittal cryostat rat kidney sections with a stable, quantifiable and reproducible uniform layer of silver using a magnetron sputtering source to form silver nanoparticles. Thirty-eight lipid species including seven ceramides, eight diacylglycerols, 22 triacylglycerols, and cholesterol were detected and imaged in positive ion mode. Thirty-six lipid species consisting of seven sphingomyelins, 10 phosphatidylethanolamines, one phosphatidylglycerol, seven phosphatidylinositols, and 11 sulfatides were imaged in negative ion mode for a total of seventy-four high-resolution lipidome maps of the normal kidney. Thus, our approach is a powerful tool not only for studying structural changes in animal models of disease, but also for diagnosing and tracking stages of disease in human kidney tissue biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Muller
- 1] Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA [2] Departments of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology, Communication Sciences & Disorders, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ajay Kailas
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aurelie Roux
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Damon C Barbacci
- 1] Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA [2] Ionwerks, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Carey D Balaban
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology, Communication Sciences & Disorders, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amina S Woods
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jackson SN, Barbacci D, Egan T, Lewis EK, Schultz JA, Woods AS. MALDI-Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry of Lipids in Negative Ion Mode. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2014; 6:5001-5007. [PMID: 24999374 PMCID: PMC4078893 DOI: 10.1039/c4ay00320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Profiling and imaging MALDI mass spectrometry (MS) allows detection and localization of biomolecules in tissue, of which lipids are a major component. However, due to the in situ nature of this technique, complexity of tissue and need for a chemical matrix, the recorded signal is complex and can be difficult to assign. Ion mobility adds a dimension that provides coarse shape information, separating isobaric lipids, peptides, and oligonucleotides along distinct familial trend lines before mass analysis. Previous work using MALDI-ion mobility mass spectrometry to analyze and image lipids has been conducted mainly in positive ion mode, although several lipid classes ionize preferentially in negative ion mode. This work highlights recent data acquired in negative ion mode to detect glycerophosphoethanolamines (PEs), glycerophosphoserines (PSs), glycerophosphoglycerols (PGs), glycerolphosphoinositols (PIs), glycerophosphates (PAs), sulfatides (STs), and gangliosides from standard tissue extracts and directly from mouse brain tissue. In particular, this study focused on changes in ion mobility based upon lipid head groups, composition of radyl chain (# of carbons and double bonds), diacyl versus plasmalogen species, and hydroxylation of species. Finally, a MALDI-ion mobility imaging run was conducted in negative ion mode, resulting in the successful ion mapping of several lipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damon Barbacci
- Integrative Neuroscience, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Ionwerks Inc., Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amina S. Woods
- Integrative Neuroscience, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Corresponding Author: Amina S. Woods, Ph.D., NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD 21224, Tel: 443-740-2747, Fax: 443-740-2144,
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Jackson SN, Baldwin K, Muller L, Womack VM, Schultz JA, Balaban C, Woods AS. Imaging of lipids in rat heart by MALDI-MS with silver nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1377-86. [PMID: 24309627 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are a major component of heart tissue and perform several important functions such as energy storage, signaling, and as building blocks of biological membranes. The heart lipidome is quite diverse consisting of glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), cardiolipins (CLs), and glycerolipids, mainly triacylglycerols (TAGs). In this study, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enabled by matrix implantation of ionized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was used to map several classes of lipids in heart tissue. The use of AgNP matrix implantation was motivated by our previous work showing that implantation doses of only 10(14)/cm(2) of 2 nm gold nanoparticulates into the first 10 nm of the near surface of the tissue enabled detection of most brain lipids (including neutral lipid species such as cerebrosides) more efficiently than traditional organic MALDI matrices. Herein, a similar implantation of 500 eV AgNP(-) across the entire heart tissue section results in a quick, reproducible, solvent-free, uniform matrix concentration of 6 nm AgNP residing near the tissue surface. MALDI-MSI analysis of either positive or negative ions produce high-quality images of several heart lipid species. In negative ion mode, 24 lipid species [16 PEs, 4 PIs, 1 PG, 1 CL, 2 sphingomyelins (SMs)] were imaged. Positive ion images were also obtained from 29 lipid species (10 PCs, 5 PEs, 5 SMs, 9 TAGs) with the TAG species being heavily concentrated in vascular regions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley N Jackson
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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Delvolve AM, Colsch B, Woods AS. Highlighting anatomical sub-structures in rat brain tissue using lipid imaging. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:1729-1736. [PMID: 21961026 PMCID: PMC3181089 DOI: 10.1039/c1ay05107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are made up of a mixture of glycerolipids, sphingolipids, gangliosides and cholesterol. Lipids play important roles in a cell's life. However many of their functions have still to be discovered. In the present work, we describe an efficient, easy and rapid methodology to accurately localize phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins from a single coronal rat brain section in the cerebrum area. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was used to profile and image lipids. The best resolved structure was 25-50 μm in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Delvolve
- Cellular Neurobiology, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Benoit Colsch
- Cellular Neurobiology, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Amina S. Woods
- Cellular Neurobiology, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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Jackson SN, Colsch B, Egan T, Lewis EK, Schultz JA, Woods AS. Gangliosides' analysis by MALDI-ion mobility MS. Analyst 2010; 136:463-6. [PMID: 21113547 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The combination of ion mobility with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization allows for the rapid separation and analysis of biomolecules in complex mixtures (such as tissue sections and cellular extracts), as isobaric lipid, peptide, and oligonucleotide molecular ions are pre-separated in the mobility cell before mass analysis. In this study, MALDI-IM MS is used to analyze gangliosides, a class of complex glycosphingolipids that has different degrees of sialylation. Both GD1a and GD1b, structural isomers, were studied to see the effects on gas-phase structure depending upon the localization of the sialic acids. A total ganglioside extract from mouse brain was also analyzed to measure the effectiveness of ion mobility to separate out the different ganglioside species in a complex mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley N Jackson
- NIDA IRP, NIH, Structural Biology Unit, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Meriaux C, Franck J, Wisztorski M, Salzet M, Fournier I. Liquid ionic matrixes for MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of lipids. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1204-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Jackson SN, Woods AS. Direct profiling of tissue lipids by MALDI-TOFMS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2822-9. [PMID: 19095508 PMCID: PMC2945280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) have allowed for the direct analysis of biological molecules from tissue. Although most of the early studies of direct tissue profiling by MALDI-TOFMS have focused on proteins and peptides, analysis of lipids has increased dramatically in recent years. This review gives an overview of the factors to consider when analyzing lipids directly from tissue and some recent examples of the use of MALDI-TOFMS for the direct profiling of lipids in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina S. Woods
- NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
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