1
|
Lipoxin and glycation in SREBP signaling: Insight into diabetic cardiomyopathy and associated lipotoxicity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106698. [PMID: 36379414 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes increases cardiovascular risk through hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis. Chronic hyperglycemia accelerates glycation reaction, which forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, hyperglycemia with enhanced levels of cholesterol, native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins, free fatty acids, and oxidative stress induces lipotoxicity. Accelerated glycation and disturbed lipid metabolism are characteristic features of diabetic heart failure. SREBP signaling plays a significant role in lipid and glucose homeostasis. AGEs increase lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting SREBP signaling. While anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, lipoxins resolve inflammation caused by lipotoxicity by upregulating the PPARγ expression and regulating CD36. PPARγ connects the bridge between glycation and lipoxin in SREBP signaling. A summary of treatment modalities against diabetic cardiomyopathy is given in brief. This review indicates the novel therapeutic approach in the crosstalk between glycation and lipoxin in SREBP signaling.
Collapse
|
2
|
Durak A, Turan B. Liraglutide provides cardioprotection through the recovery of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging hearts. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00939-9. [PMID: 36515811 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists improve cardiovascular dysfunction via the pleiotropic effects behind their receptor action. However, it is unknown whether they have a cardioprotective action in the hearts of the elderly. Therefore, we examined the effects of GLP-1R agonist liraglutide treatment (LG, 4 weeks) on the systemic parameters of aged rats (24-month-old) compared to those of adult rats (6-month-old) such as electrocardiograms (ECGs) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). At the cellular level, the action potential (AP) parameters, ionic currents, and Ca2+ regulation were examined in freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. The LG treatment of aged rats significantly ameliorated the prolongation of QRS duration and increased both SBP and DBP together with recovery in plasma oxidant and antioxidant statuses. The prolonged AP durations and depolarized membrane potentials of the isolated cardiomyocytes from the aged rats were normalized via recoveries in K+ channel currents with LG treatment. The alterations in Ca2+ regulation including leaky-ryanodine receptors (RyR2) could be also ameliorated via recoveries in Na+/Ca2+ exchanger currents with this treatment. A direct LG treatment of isolated aged rat cardiomyocytes could recover the depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, the increase in both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), and the cytosolic Na+ level, although the Na+ channel currents were not affected by aging. Interestingly, LG treatment of aged rat cardiomyocytes provided a significant inhibition of activated sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) and recoveries in the depressed insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and increased protein kinase G (PKG). The recovery in the ratio of phospho-endothelial nitric oxide (pNOS3) level to NOS3 protein level in LG-treated cardiomyocytes implies the involvement of LG-associated inhibition of oxidative stress-induced injury via IRS1-eNOS-PKG pathway in the aging heart. Overall, our data, for the first time, provide important information on the direct cardioprotective effects of GLP-1R agonism with LG in the hearts of aged rats through an examination of recoveries in mitochondrial dysfunction, and both levels of ROS and RNS in left ventricular cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Billur D, Olgar Y, Turan B. Intracellular Redistribution of Left Ventricular Connexin 43 Contributes to the Remodeling of Electrical Properties of the Heart in Insulin-resistant Elderly Rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:447-462. [PMID: 35608408 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between long-QT and connexin 43 (Cx43) status and localization in elderly rats was determined to demonstrate a correlation between insulin resistance (I-R), ischemia-reperfusion, aging, and heart dysfunction. Male Wistar rats are grouped as 24-month-old rats (Aged-group), those with metabolic syndrome (8 months old; MetS-group), or controls (8 months old; Con-group). Both experimental groups have long-QT and low heart rate. Immunohistochemical imaging and quantification showed marked decreases in Cx43 staining of intercalated disc with less localizations in the Aged-group and MetS-group. The lateralization of Cx43 on longitudinal cell membrane was significantly high in the MetS-group than in the Con-group with no significant change in the Aged-group. Its significant cytoplasmic internalization was higher in the Aged-group than in the MetS-group. There were marked decreases in phospho-Cx43 (pCx43) staining of intercalated disc with less localizations in both groups than in the Con-group. Furthermore, lateralization of pCx43 was significantly low in the Aged-group and MetS-group, whereas there were no significant changes in the cytoplasmic internalization of both groups compared with the Con-group. Furthermore, the ratio of pCx43 to Cx43 was significantly small in both groups. We determined increases in RhoA and endothelin-1 in both groups, further supporting decreases in pCx43. Our data indicate the important role of I-R on long-QT in aging heart through alterations in both Cx43 protein level and localizations, leading to an abnormal spreading of ventricular repolarization in I-R heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics.,Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Turan B, Durak A, Olgar Y, Tuncay E. Comparisons of pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibition and GLP-1 agonism on cardiac glucose intolerance in heart dysfunction. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2609-2625. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Olgar Y, Durak A, Bitirim CV, Tuncay E, Turan B. Insulin acts as an atypical KCNQ1/KCNE1-current activator and reverses long QT in insulin-resistant aged rats by accelerating the ventricular action potential repolarization through affecting the β 3 -adrenergic receptor signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1353-1371. [PMID: 34632595 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient-heart function is associated with myocardial insulin resistance in the elderly, particularly associated with long-QT, in a dependency on dysfunctional KCNQ1/KCNE1-channels. So, we aimed to examine the contribution of alterations in KCNQ1/KCNE1-current (IKs ) to the aging-related remodeling of the heart as well as the role of insulin treatment on IKs in the aged rats. Prolonged late-phase action potential (AP) repolarization of ventricular cardiomyocytes from insulin-resistant 24-month-old rats was significantly reversed by in vitro treatment of insulin or PKG inhibitor (in vivo, as well) via recovery in depressed IKs . Although the protein level of either KCNQ1 or KCNE1 in cardiomyocytes was not affected with aging, PKG level was significantly increased in those cells. The inhibited IKs in β3 -ARs-stimulated cells could be reversed with a PKG inhibitor, indicating the correlation between PKG-activation and β3 -ARs activation. Furthermore, in vivo treatment of aged rats, characterized by β3 -ARs activation, with either insulin or a PKG inhibitor for 2 weeks provided significant recoveries in IKs , prolonged late phases of APs, prolonged QT-intervals, and low heart rates without no effect on insulin resistance. In vivo insulin treatment provided also significant recovery in increased PKG and decreased PIP2 level, without the insulin effect on the KCNQ1 level in β3 -ARs overexpressed cells. The inhibition of IKs in aged-rat cardiomyocytes seems to be associated with activated β3 -ARs dependent remodeling in the interaction between KCNQ1 and KCNE1. Significant recoveries in ventricular-repolarization of insulin-treated aged cardiomyocytes via recovery in IKs strongly emphasize two important issues: (1) IKs can be a novel target in aging-associated remodeling in the heart and insulin may be a cardioprotective agent in the maintenance of normal heart function during the aging process. (2) This study is one of the first to demonstrate insulin's benefits on long-QT in insulin-resistant aged rats by accelerating the ventricular AP repolarization through reversing the depressed IKs via affecting the β3 -ARs signaling pathway and particularly affecting activated PKG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bou-Teen D, Kaludercic N, Weissman D, Turan B, Maack C, Di Lisa F, Ruiz-Meana M. Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the aged heart. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:109-124. [PMID: 33716106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial ROS production has been causally linked to the pathophysiology of aging in the heart and other organs, and plays a deleterious role in several age-related cardiac pathologies, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure, the two worldwide leading causes of death and disability in the elderly. However, ROS generation is also a fundamental mitochondrial function that orchestrates several signaling pathways, some of them exerting cardioprotective effects. In cardiac myocytes, mitochondria are particularly abundant and are specialized in subcellular populations, in part determined by their relationships with other organelles and their cyclic calcium handling activity necessary for adequate myocardial contraction/relaxation and redox balance. Depending on their subcellular location, mitochondria can themselves be differentially targeted by ROS and display distinct age-dependent functional decline. Thus, precise mitochondria-targeted therapies aimed at counteracting unregulated ROS production are expected to have therapeutic benefits in certain aging-related heart conditions. However, for an adequate design of such therapies, it is necessary to unravel the complex and dynamic interactions between mitochondria and other cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bou-Teen
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - David Weissman
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Belma Turan
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin HJ, Ramesh S, Chang YM, Tsai CT, Tsai CC, Shibu MA, Tamilselvi S, Mahalakshmi B, Kuo WW, Huang CY. D-galactose-induced toxicity associated senescence mitigated by alpinate oxyphyllae fructus fortified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:86-94. [PMID: 32889782 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the effect of D-galactose-induced toxicity associated senescence mitigated by alpinate oxyphyllae fructus (AOF; Alpinia oxyphylla Miq) extracts fortified with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in rats. Male 18 week-old Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used in this study. We analyzed cardiac fibrosis by Masson's trichrome staining. The tissue sections were dyed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Tissue sections were stained for the restoration of Nrf2 expression in treatment groups by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis showed that AOF with ADMSCs could significantly reduce aging-induced oxidative stress in D-galactose-induced aging rat hearts by inducing Nrf2 pathway. Reduction in ROS resulted in the suppression of inflammatory signals (p-NF-κB and IL-6). Histopathological studies were showed an increased interstitium and collagen accumulation in aging-induced heart sections. However, AOF and ADMSCs treated hearts were recovered from cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, hypertrophy and fibrosis associated markers were also significantly reduced (P < .05) in treatment groups. We speculate that ADMSCs might activate certain paracrine factors, which could target the upstream activator of aging associated cardiac complications and AOF might provide homing for these stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Samiraj Ramesh
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, PRIST Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yung-Ming Chang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Department, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Chuan Tsai
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Department, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shanmugam Tamilselvi
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Zhu S, Wei W, Tu Y, Chen C, Song J, Li J, Wang C, Xu Z, Sun S. Interleukin-6 knockout reverses macrophage differentiation imbalance and alleviates cardiac dysfunction in aging mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20184-20197. [PMID: 33099539 PMCID: PMC7655174 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several interleukins (ILs) have been shown to be involved in aging, but the effects of IL-6 on aging-related cardiac dysfunction remain unknown. In this study, the expression and sources of cardiac IL-6 in aging hearts were investigated for the first time. The results showed that cardiac IL-6 expression in mice gradually increased with age, and the expression at 16 months, 20 months and 25 months was higher than that at 3 months. In addition, cardiac macrophages (Møs) were shown to be the main sources of IL-6 in aging mice. IL-6 knockout (KO) significantly alleviated cardiac dysfunction, increased M2 macrophage (Mø2) differentiation, reduced M1 macrophage (Mø1) differentiation and protected against cardiomyocyte apoptosis in aging mice. IL-6 KO also reversed the stimulatory effect of doxorubicin (DOX) treatment on Mø1s and the inhibitory effect of DOX treatment on Mø2s in vitro. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of both aging markers and apoptosis-related markers was markedly inhibited by IL-6 KO. Our results suggest that aging can be significantly reversed by IL-6 KO and that the mechanisms of this effect are related to alleviation of Mø1/Mø2 imbalance and protection against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wen Wei
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sex Differences in Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in OVE26 Type 1 Diabetic Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6961348. [PMID: 32509150 PMCID: PMC7244980 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6961348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OVE26 mice are a widely used transgenic model of early-onset type 1 diabetes. These mice overexpress calmodulin in their pancreatic β cells, develop severe diabetes within the first weeks of life, and progress to severe diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). To date, diabetic nephropathy in OVE26 mice has been well explored, leaving the progression of DCM and the gender impact in this type 1 diabetes model still unrevealed. In our study, male and female OVE26 mice and age-matched nondiabetic FVB mice were examined at 4, 12, 24, and 36 weeks for their cardiac function, body weight, blood glucose, and heart weight/tibia length ratio. Further, histopathological examination and Western blot analysis for the key markers demonstrate that DCM appears at 24 weeks OVE26 mice, initiating with cardiac senescence, followed by fibrosis and then cardiac dysfunction. Mitochondrial respiration function analysis showed no indication of dysfunction in OVE26 mice at 24 weeks of age in both genders. In addition, no significant difference for the pathogenic progression was observed between OVE26 and FVB mice in both males and females. In conclusion, this study suggests cardiac senescence and fibrosis, which may be amended by sex differences, play key roles in the progression of DCM in OVE26 mice. The comprehensive characterization of diabetic cardiomyopathy progression and the sex difference impact in OVE26 mice provides a basis for future study on DCM using OVE26 mice.
Collapse
|
10
|
Unveiling the Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress on Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1954398. [PMID: 32454933 PMCID: PMC7232723 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1954398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The global population above 60 years has been growing exponentially in the last decades, which is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases, highlighting cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Aging is the main risk factor for these diseases. Such susceptibility to disease is explained, at least in part, by the increase of oxidative stress, in which it damages cellular components such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. In addition, the chronic inflammatory process in aging “inflammaging” also contributes to cell damage, creating a stressful environment which drives to the development of CVDs. Taken together, it is possible to identify the molecular connection between oxidative stress and the inflammatory process, especially by the crosstalk between the transcription factors Nrf-2 and NF-κB which are mediated by redox signalling and are involved in aging. Therapies that control this process are key targets in the prevention/combat of age-related CVDs. In this review, we show the basics of inflammation and oxidative stress, including the crosstalk between them, and the implications on age-related CVDs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Baranowska-Bik A, Bik W. Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Aging. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:465-475. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666181129113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
:
Insulin was discovered in 1922 by Banting and Best. Since that time, extensive research on
the mechanisms of insulin activity and action has continued. Currently, it is known that the role of insulin
is much greater than simply regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin in physiological concentration
is also necessary to maintain normal vascular function.
:
Insulin resistance is defined as a pathological condition characterized by reduced sensitivity of skeletal
muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, to insulin and its downstream metabolic effects under normal serum
glucose concentrations. There are also selective forms of insulin resistance with unique features, including
vascular insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, both classical and vascular, contributes to vascular
impairment resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, in the elderly population,
additional factors including redistribution of fat concentrations, low-grade inflammation, and decreased
self-repair capacity [or cell senescence] amplify the vascular abnormalities related to insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okatan EN, Olgar Y, Tuncay E, Turan B. Azoramide improves mitochondrial dysfunction in palmitate-induced insulin resistant H9c2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:65-72. [PMID: 31327095 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Azoramide is identified as a new compound with the dual properties for the improvement of ER-folding capacity in various cells as well as for the treatment of T2DM. Although the effect of azoramide in glucose-homeostasis in mammalians is not known very well, a limited number of experimental studies showed that it could improve the insulin sensitivity in genetically obese mice. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate the direct effect of azoramide on insulin signaling in insulin-resistant (IR) cardiomyocytes using IR-modelled ventricular cardiomyocytes. This model was established in H9c2 cells using palmitic acid incubation (50-μM for 24-h). The development of IR in cells was verified by monitoring the cellular 2-DG6P uptake assays in these treated cells. The 2-DG6P uptake was 50% less in the IR-cells compared to the control cells, while azoramide treatment (20-μM for 48-h) could prevent fully that decrease. In addition, azoramide treatment markedly preserved the IR-induced less ATP production and high-ROS production in these IR-cells. Furthermore, this treatment prevented the functional changes in mitochondria characterized by depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial fusion or fusion-related protein levels as well as cellular ATP level. Moreover, this treatment provided marked protection against IR-associated changes in the insulin signaling pathway in cells, including recovery in the phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt as well as the protein level of GLUT4 and Akt. Our present results, for the first time, demonstrated that azoramide plays an important protective role in IR-cardiomyocytes, at most, protective action on mitochondria. Therefore, one can suggest that azoramide, as a novel regulator, can provide direct cardioprotection in the IR-heart, at most, via affecting mitochondria and can be a good candidate as a new drug for the treatment of IR-associated cardiovascular disorders in mammalians with systemic IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Nur Okatan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Osipova ED, Komleva YK, Morgun AV, Lopatina OL, Panina YA, Olovyannikova RY, Vais EF, Salmin VV, Salmina AB. Designing in vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models Reproducing Alterations in Brain Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:234. [PMID: 30127733 PMCID: PMC6088457 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) modeling in vitro is a huge area of research covering study of intercellular communications and development of BBB, establishment of specific properties that provide controlled permeability of the barrier. Current approaches in designing new BBB models include development of new (bio) scaffolds supporting barriergenesis/angiogenesis and BBB integrity; use of methods enabling modulation of BBB permeability; application of modern analytical techniques for screening the transfer of metabolites, bio-macromolecules, selected drug candidates and drug delivery systems; establishment of 3D models; application of microfluidic technologies; reconstruction of microphysiological systems with the barrier constituents. Acceptance of idea that BBB in vitro models should resemble real functional activity of the barrier in different periods of ontogenesis and in different (patho) physiological conditions leads to proposal that establishment of BBB in vitro model with alterations specific for aging brain is one of current challenges in neurosciences and bioengineering. Vascular dysfunction in the aging brain often associates with leaky BBB, alterations in perivascular microenvironment, neuroinflammation, perturbed neuronal and astroglial activity within the neurovascular unit, impairments in neurogenic niches where microvascular scaffold plays a key regulatory role. The review article is focused on aging-related alterations in BBB and current approaches to development of “aging” BBB models in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena D Osipova
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia K Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Morgun
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga L Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia A Panina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Raissa Ya Olovyannikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta F Vais
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Salmin
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Role of Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Oxidative Stress Related to Aging: Implications in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072139. [PMID: 30041449 PMCID: PMC6073138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging has been associated with a series of pathophysiological processes causing general decline in the overall health of the afflicted population. The cumulative line of evidence suggests an important role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of the aging process and metabolic abnormalities, exacerbating adipocyte dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, and associated complications at the same time. In recent years, robust have established the implication of Na/K-ATPase signaling in causing oxidative stress and alterations in cellular mechanisms, in addition to its distinct pumping function. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and exploring the possible sources of pro-oxidants may allow for developing therapeutic targets in these processes and formulate novel intervention strategies for patients susceptible to aging and associated complications, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. The attenuation of oxidative stress with targeted treatment options can improve patient outcomes and significantly reduce economic burden.
Collapse
|
15
|
Amor S, Martín-Carro B, Rubio C, Carrascosa JM, Hu W, Huang Y, García-Villalón AL, Granado M. Study of insulin vascular sensitivity in aortic rings and endothelial cells from aged rats subjected to caloric restriction: Role of perivascular adipose tissue. Exp Gerontol 2017; 109:126-136. [PMID: 29055722 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is dramatically increasing among elderly population. Metabolic syndrome in aged individuals is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance both in metabolic tissues and in the cardiovascular system, with this fact being associated with the cardiometabolic alterations associated to this condition. Caloric restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and is one of the dietetic strategies most commonly used to enlarge life and to prevent aging induced cardiovascular alterations. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of CR in aging-induced vascular insulin resistance both in aortic rings and in primary culture of endothelial cells. In addition, the inflammatory profile of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and its possible role in the impairment of vascular insulin sensitivity associated with aging was also assessed. Three experimental groups of male Wistar rats were used: 3 (3m), 24 (24m) fed ad libitum and 24months old rats subjected to 20% CR during their three last months of life (24m-CR). Aorta rings surrounded or not by PVAT were mounted in an organ bath and precontracted with phenylephrine (10-7.5M). Changes in isometric tension were recorded in response to cumulative insulin concentrations (10-8-10-5.5M) in the presence or absence of L-NAME (10-4M). Aortic rings and primary aortic endothelial cells were incubated in presence/absence of insulin (10-7M) and the activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways as well as nitrite and nitrates concentrations and the mRNA levels of eNOS, insulin receptor, and GLUT-4 were assessed. CR prevented the aging-induced decrease in the vasodilator response to insulin and the aging-induced increase in the vasoconstrictor response to high insulin concentrations. Changes between 24m and 24m-CR aorta rings were abolished in the presence of L-NAME. CR induced-improvement in insulin vascular sensitivity was related with activation of the PI3K/Akt both in aortic rings and in aortic endothelial cells in response to insulin. CR attenuated the overexpression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β in the PVAT of aged rats although aortic rings surrounded by PVAT from 24m rats showed and increased vasorelaxation in response to insulin compared to aortic rings from 3m and 24m-CR rats. In conclusion, a moderate protocol of CR improves insulin vascular sensitivity and prevents the aging induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PVAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - B Martín-Carro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Carrascosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - W Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Y Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - A L García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - M Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Role of Nrf2 in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9237263. [PMID: 29104732 PMCID: PMC5618775 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9237263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen peroxide play an important role in both intracellular and intercellular signaling; however, their production and quenching need to be closely regulated to prevent cellular damage. An imbalance, due to exogenous sources of free radicals and chronic upregulation of endogenous production, contributes to many pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease and also more general processes involved in aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2; commonly known as Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in the dynamic regulation of a network of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, through binding to and activating expression of promoters containing the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nrf2 activity is regulated by many mechanisms, suggesting that tight control is necessary for normal cell function and both hypoactivation and hyperactivation of Nrf2 are indicated in playing a role in different aspects of cardiovascular disease. Targeted activation of Nrf2 or downstream genes may prove to be a useful avenue in developing therapeutics to reduce the impact of cardiovascular disease. We will review the current status of Nrf2 and related signaling in cardiovascular disease and its relevance to current and potential treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in cardiac aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1931-1938. [PMID: 28847512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in most developed countries. Aging is associated with enhanced risk of CVD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) binds to its cognate receptor, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and exerts pleiotropic effects on cell growth, differentiation, development, and tissue repair. Importantly, IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling is implicated in cardiac aging and longevity. Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in cardiac dysfunction, accompanied by molecular and cellular changes. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the link between the IGF-1/IGF-1R system and cardiac aging. The biological effects of IGF-1R and insulin receptor will be discussed and compared. Furthermore, we describe data regarding how deletion of IGF-1R in cardiomyocytes of aged knockout mice may delay the development of senescence-associated myocardial pathologies. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Madonna R, Novo G, Balistreri CR. Cellular and molecular basis of the imbalance between vascular damage and repair in ageing and age-related diseases: As biomarkers and targets for new treatments. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
19
|
Silva-Palacios A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. Nrf2 signaling and redox homeostasis in the aging heart: A potential target to prevent cardiovascular diseases? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:81-95. [PMID: 26732035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging process is often accompanied with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to the synergistic effects of age-related changes in heart morphology/function and prolonged exposure to injurious effects of CVD risk factors. Oxidative stress, considered a hallmark of aging, is also an important feature in pathologies that predispose to CVD development, like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Approaches directed to prevent the occurrence of CVD during aging have been explored both in experimental models and in controlled clinical trials, in order to improve health span, reduce hospitalizations and increase life quality during elderly. In this review we discuss oxidative stress role as a main risk factor that relates CVD with aging. As well as interventions that aim to reduce oxidative stress by supplementing with exogenous antioxidants. In particular, strategies of improving the endogenous antioxidant defenses through activating the nuclear factor related-2 factor (Nrf2) pathway; one of the best studied molecules in cellular redox homeostasis and a master regulator of the antioxidant and phase II detoxification response.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nakou ES, Parthenakis FI, Kallergis EM, Marketou ME, Nakos KS, Vardas PE. Healthy aging and myocardium: A complicated process with various effects in cardiac structure and physiology. Int J Cardiol 2016; 209:167-75. [PMID: 26896615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is known that there is an ongoing increase in life expectancy worldwide, especially in the population older than 65years of age. Cardiac aging is characterized by a series of complex pathophysiological changes affecting myocardium at structural, cellular, molecular and functional levels. These changes make the aged myocardium more susceptible to stress, leading to a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (heart failure, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease) in the elderly population. The aging process is genetically programmed but modified by environmental influences, so that the rate of aging can vary widely among people. We summarized the entire data concerning all the multifactorial changes in aged myocardium and highlighting the recent evidence for the pathophysiological basis of cardiac aging. Keeping an eye on the clinical side, this review will explore the potential implications of the age-related changes in the clinical management and on novel therapeutic strategies potentially deriving from the scientific knowledge currently acquired on cardiac aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Nakou
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, 7100, Voutes, Heraklion-Crete, Greece.
| | - F I Parthenakis
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, 7100, Voutes, Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - E M Kallergis
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, 7100, Voutes, Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - M E Marketou
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, 7100, Voutes, Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - K S Nakos
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, 7100, Voutes, Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - P E Vardas
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, 7100, Voutes, Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Obi AT, Stringer KA, Diaz JA, Finkel MA, Farris DM, Yeomans L, Wakefield T, Myers DD. 1D-¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics reveals age-related changes in metabolites associated with experimental venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2015; 4:221-30. [PMID: 26993871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age is a significant risk factor for the development of venous thrombosis (VT), but the mechanism(s) that underlie this risk remain(s) undefined and poorly understood. Aging is known to adversely influence inflammation and affect metabolism. Untargeted metabolomics permits an agnostic assessment of the physiological landscape and lends insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of clinical phenotypes. The objective of this exploratory study was to test the feasibility of a metabolomics approach for identifying potential metabolic mechanisms of age-related VT. METHODS We subjected whole blood samples collected from young and old nonthrombosed controls and VT mice 2 days after thrombus induction using the electrolytic inferior vena cava, to a methanol:chloroform extraction and assayed the resulting aqueous fractions using 1D-(1)H- nuclear magnetic resonance. Normalized mouse metabolite data were compared across groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Holm-Sidak post-testing. In addition, associations between metabolite concentrations and parameters of thrombosis such as thrombus and vein wall weights, and markers of inflammation, vein wall P- and E-selectin levels, were assessed using linear regression. The relatedness of the found significant metabolites was visually assessed using a bioinformatics tool, Metscape, which generates compound-reaction-enzyme-gene networks to aid in the interpretation of metabolomics data. RESULTS Old mice with VT had a greater mean vein wall weight compared with young mice with VT (P < .05). Clot weight differences between old and young mice followed the same trend as vein wall weight (0.011 ± 0.04 g vs 0.008 ± 0.003 g; P = not significant). Glutamine (ANOVA, P < .01), proline (ANOVA, P < .01), and phenylalanine (ANOVA, P < .05) levels were increased in old VT mice compared with age-matched controls and young VT mice. Betaine and/or trimethylamine N-oxide levels were increased in aged mice compared with young animals. Vein wall weight was strongly associated with glutamine (P < .05), and phenylalanine (P < .01) concentrations and there was a trend toward an association with proline (P = .09) concentration. Vein wall P-selectin, but not E-selectin levels, were increased in old VT mice and were associated with the three found metabolites of age-related VT. Collectively, with the addition of glutamate, these metabolites form a single compound-reaction-enzyme-gene network that was generated by Metscape. CONCLUSIONS We used 1D-(1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance-metabolite profiling to identify, for the first time, in an experimental model, three potential metabolites, glutamine, phenylalanine, and proline, associated with age-related VT. These metabolites are metabolically related and their levels are associated with vein wall weight and P-selectin concentrations. In aggregate, these findings provide a "roadmap" of pathways that could be interrogated in future studies, which could include provocation of the glutamine, phenylalanine, and proline pathways in the vein wall. This study introduces metabolomics as a new approach to furthering knowledge about the mechanisms of age-related VT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Obi
- Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- The NMR Metabolomics Laboratory and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Jose A Diaz
- Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Michael A Finkel
- The NMR Metabolomics Laboratory and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Diana M Farris
- Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Larisa Yeomans
- The NMR Metabolomics Laboratory and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Thomas Wakefield
- Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Daniel D Myers
- Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich; Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular aging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:615312. [PMID: 25143940 PMCID: PMC4131065 DOI: 10.1155/2014/615312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, even in the absence of other traditional factors.
Emerging evidence in experimental animal and human models has emphasized a central role for two main mechanisms
of age-related cardiovascular disease: oxidative stress and inflammation.
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide generated by oxidative stress
and low-grade inflammation accompanying aging recapitulate age-related cardiovascular dysfunction,
that is, left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction in the heart as well as endothelial dysfunction,
reduced vascular elasticity, and increased vascular stiffness. We describe the signaling involved in these two
main mechanisms that include the factors NF-κB, JunD, p66Shc, and Nrf2.
Potential therapeutic strategies to improve the cardiovascular function with aging are discussed, with a focus on calorie restriction, SIRT1, and resveratrol.
Collapse
|