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Development and characterization of a camelid derived antibody targeting a linear epitope in the hinge domain of human PCSK9 protein. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12211. [PMID: 35842473 PMCID: PMC9288512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PCSK9 is an effective target for lowering LDL-c. Previously, a camelid-human chimeric heavy chain antibody VHH-B11-Fc targeting human PCSK9 was designed. It had a potent hypolipidemic effect. However, the nanobody VHH-B11 interacts with PCSK9 at low affinity, while camelid VHH exhibits some immunogenicity. Moreover, the interacting epitope is yet to be identified, although VHH-B11 was shown to have distinct hPCSK9-binding epitopes for Evolocumab. This might impede the molecule’s progress from bench to bedside. In the present study, we designed various configurations to improve the affinity of VHH-B11 with hPCSK9 (< 10 nM) that in turn enhanced the druggability of VHH-B11-Fc. Then, 17 amino acids were specifically mutated to increase the degree of humanization of the nanobody VHH-B11. Using phage display and sequencing technology, the linear epitope “STHGAGW” (amino acids 447–452) was identified in the hinge region of PCSK9 as the interacting site between VHH-B11-Fc and hPCSK9. Unlike the interaction epitope of Evolocumab, located in the catalytic region of PCSK9, the binding epitope of VHH-B11 is located in the hinge region of PCSK9, which is rarely reported. These findings indicated that a specific mechanism underlying this interaction needs to be explored.
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Epigenetic-sensitive challenges of cardiohepatic interactions: clinical and therapeutic implications in heart failure patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1247-1253. [PMID: 32773512 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure and liver dysfunction can coexist owing to complex cardiohepatic interactions including the development of hypoxic hepatitis and congestive hepatopathy in patients with heart failure as well as 'cirrhotic cardiomyopathy' in advanced liver disease and following liver transplantation. The involvement of liver dysfunction in patients with heart failure reflects crucial systemic hemodynamic modifications occurring during the evolution of this syndrome. The arterial hypoperfusion and downstream hypoxia can lead to hypoxic hepatitis in acute heart failure patients whereas passive congestion is correlated with congestive hepatopathy occurring in patients with chronic heart failure. Nowadays, liquid biopsy strategies measuring liver function are well established in evaluating the prognosis of patients with heart failure. Large randomized clinical trials confirmed that gamma-glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, lactate deihydrogenase, and transaminases are useful prognostic biomarkers in patients with heart failure after transplantation. Deeper knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cardiohepatic interactions would be useful to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments of these comorbid patients. Epigenetic-sensitive modifications are heritable changes to gene expression without involving DNA sequence, comprising DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs which seem to be relevant in the pathogenesis of heart failure and liver diseases when considered in a separate way. The goal of our review is to highlight the pertinence of detecting epigenetic modifications during the complex cardiohepatic interactions in clinical setting. Moreover, we propose a clinical research program which may be useful to identify epigenetic-sensitive biomarkers of cardiohepatic interactions and advance personalized therapy in these comorbid patients.
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Guevara-Cruz M, Medina-Vera I, Cu-Cañetas TE, Cordero-Chan Y, Torres N, Tovar AR, Márquez-Mota C, Talamantes-Gómez JM, Pérez-Monter C, Lugo R, Gutiérrez-Solis AL, Avila-Nava A. Chaya Leaf Decreased Triglycerides and Improved Oxidative Stress in Subjects With Dyslipidemia. Front Nutr 2021; 8:666243. [PMID: 34368206 PMCID: PMC8343181 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.666243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaya is an edible leaf popular in Mexico and Central America because of its high nutritional value. Studies in animal models have demonstrated the beneficial effects of Chaya, which include reduction of circulating lipids and increase in antioxidant activity. However, its hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects have not been demonstrated in humans. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Chaya on the lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression in a population with dyslipidemia. We performed a single-arm trial in 30 participants with dyslipidemia who consumed 500 mL of Chaya beverage per day over a 6-week period. Interestingly, we observed a significant decrease in serum triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05) and an increase in plasma antioxidant activity and polyphenol concentration (P < 0.005) after 6 weeks of Chaya consumption. This was accompanied by a reduction in the oxidative stress marker MDA (P < 0.0001) and by an increase in the antioxidant enzyme CAT expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < 0.001). Altogether, our results demonstrate that consumption of Chaya has hypotriglyceridemic and antioxidant effects in subjects with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico.,Departamento de Metodología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Márquez-Mota
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FMVZ-UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Moisés Talamantes-Gómez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FMVZ-UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Monter
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Lugo
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
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Schiano C, Grimaldi V, Scognamiglio M, Costa D, Soricelli A, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. Soft drinks and sweeteners intake: Possible contribution to the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Beneficial or detrimental action of alternative sweeteners? Food Res Int 2021; 142:110220. [PMID: 33773688 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been related to the rise in sugar-added foods and sweetened beverages consumption. An interesting approach has been to replace sugar with alternative sweeteners (AS), due to their impact on public health. Preclinical and clinical studies, which analyze the safety of AS intake, are still limited. Major pathogenic mechanisms of these substances include ROS and AGEs formation. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction involving in the pathogenesis of micro- and macro-vascular diseases is mitochondrial dysfunction dependent. Hyperglycemia and endoplasmic reticulum stress together produce ROS, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular complications during type 2 diabetes (T2D), thus causing oxidative changes and direct damage of lipids, proteins, and DNA. Epidemiological studies in healthy subjects have suggested that the consumption of artificial AS can promote CV complications, such as glucose intolerance and predisposition to the onset of T2D, whereas natural AS could reduce hyperglycemia, improve lipid metabolism and have antioxidant effects. Long-term prospective clinical randomized studies are needed to evaluate precisely whether exposure to alternative sugars can have clinical implications on natural history and clinical outcomes, especially in children or during the gestational period through breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Michele Scognamiglio
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Costa
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Exercise and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
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5
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Napoli C, Benincasa G, Schiano C, Salvatore M. Differential epigenetic factors in the prediction of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2020; 6:239-247. [PMID: 31665258 PMCID: PMC7363021 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia can strongly alter the epigenetic signatures in many types of human vascular cells providing persistent perturbations of protein–protein interactions both in micro- and macro-domains. The establishment of these epigenetic changes may precede cardiovascular (CV) complications and help us to predict vascular lesions in diabetic patients. Importantly, these epigenetic marks may be transmitted across several generations (transgenerational effect) and increase the individual risk of disease. Aberrant DNA methylation and imbalance of histone modifications, mainly acetylation and methylation of H3, represent key determinants of vascular lesions and, thus, putative useful biomarkers for prevention and diagnosis of CV risk in diabetics. Moreover, a differential expression of some micro-RNAs (miRNAs), mainly miR-126, may be a useful prognostic biomarker for atherosclerosis development in asymptomatic subjects. Recently, also environmental-induced chemical perturbations in mRNA (epitranscriptome), mainly the N6-methyladenosine, have been associated with obesity and diabetes. Importantly, reversal of epigenetic changes by modulation of lifestyle and use of metformin, statins, fenofibrate, and apabetalone may offer useful therapeutic options to prevent or delay CV events in diabetics increasing the opportunity for personalized therapy. Network medicine is a promising molecular-bioinformatic approach to identify the signalling pathways underlying the pathogenesis of CV lesions in diabetic patients. Moreover, machine learning tools combined with tomography are advancing the individualized assessment of CV risk in these patients. We remark the need for combining epigenetics and advanced bioinformatic platforms to improve the prediction of vascular lesions in diabetics increasing the opportunity for CV precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, via E. Gianturco 113, Naples 80143, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy
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Benincasa G, de Candia P, Costa D, Faenza M, Mansueto G, Ambrosio G, Napoli C. Network Medicine Approach in Prevention and Personalized Treatment of Dyslipidemias. Lipids 2020; 56:259-268. [PMID: 33118184 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemias can affect molecular networks underlying the metabolic homeostasis and vascular function leading to atherogenesis at early stages of development. Since disease-related proteins often interact with each other in functional modules, many advanced network-oriented algorithms were applied to patient-derived big data to identify the complex gene-environment interactions underlying the early pathophysiology of dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Both the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 (PCSK7) and collagen type 1 alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) genes arose from the application of TFfit and WGCNA algorithms, respectively, as potential useful therapeutic targets in prevention of dyslipidemias. Moreover, the Seed Connector algorithm (SCA) algorithm suggested a putative role of the neuropilin-1 (NRP1) protein as drug target, whereas a regression network analysis reported that niacin may provide benefits in mixed dyslipidemias. Dyslipidemias are highly heterogeneous at the clinical level; thus, it would be helpful to overcome traditional evidence-based paradigm toward a personalized risk assessment and therapy. Network Medicine uses omics data, artificial intelligence (AI), imaging tools, and clinical information to design personalized therapy of dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Recently, a novel non-invasive AI-derived biomarker, named Fat Attenuation Index (FAI™) has been established to early detect clinical signs of atherosclerosis. Moreover, an integrated AI-radiomics approach can detect fibrosis and microvascular remodeling improving the customized risk assessment. Here, we offer a network-based roadmap ranging from novel molecular pathways to digital therapeutics which can improve personalized therapy of dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | | | - Dario Costa
- UOC Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Mario Faenza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Via S. Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06156, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy.,Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
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Grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil: A Functional Food from the Winemaking Industry. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101360. [PMID: 32992712 PMCID: PMC7599587 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine production is an ancient human activity that generates several by-products, which include some constituents known for their potential in health care and for their role in the food or cosmetic industries. Any variety of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds available from their juice or solid parts. Grape seed extract has demonstrated many activities in disease prevention, such as antioxidant effects, which make it a potential source of nutraceuticals. Grape seed is a remarkable winery industry by-product due to the bioactivity of its constituents. Methods for recovery of oil from grape seeds have evolved to improve both the quantity and quality of the yield. Both the lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals present in the oil of V. vinifera L. make this wine by-product a source of natural nutraceuticals. Food and non-food industries are becoming novel targets of oil obtained from grape seeds given its various properties. This review focuses on the advantages of grape seed oil intake in our diet regarding its chemical composition in industries not related to wine production and the economic and environmental impact of oil production.
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Li X, Wang M, Zhang X, Liu C, Xiang H, Huang M, Ma Y, Gao X, Jiang L, Liu X, Li B, Hou Y, Zhang X, Yang S, Yang N. The novel llama-human chimeric antibody has potent effect in lowering LDL-c levels in hPCSK9 transgenic rats. Clin Transl Med 2020; 9:16. [PMID: 32056048 PMCID: PMC7018876 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-020-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)-inhibiting drugs have provided an effective, but extremely expensive treatment for the management of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Our aim was to explore a cost-effective application of camelid anti-PCSK9 single domain antibodies (sdAbs), which are high variable regions of the camelid heavy chain antibodies (VHHs), as a human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) inhibitor. One female llama was immunized with hPCSK9. Screening of high affinity anti-PCSK9 VHHs was carried out based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. We reported a lysate kinetic analysis method improving the screening efficiency. To increase the serum half-life and targeting properties, the constant region fragment of the human immunoglobulin gamma sub-type 4 (IgG4 Fc) was incorporated to form a novel llama-human chimeric molecule (VHH-hFc). RESULTS The PCSK9 inhibiting effects of the VHH proteins were analyzed in two human liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2 and Huh7) and in the hPCSK9 transgenic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. The hPCSK9 antagonistic potency of the bivalent VHH-hFc exceeded the monovalent VHH (P < 0.001) in hepatocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, the llama-human chimeric VHH-Fc protein had a similar reduction (~ 40%) of the LDL-c and total cholesterol when compared to the approved evolocumab in transgenic SD rat model, but with low cost. More surprisingly, the chimeric heavy chain antibodies could be persevered for 3 months at room temperature with little loss of the affinity. CONCLUSIONS Due to the high yield and low cost of Pichia pastoris, lipid-lowering effect and strong stability, the llama-human chimeric antibody (VHH-Fc) offers a potent therapeutic candidate for the control of the serum lipid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Meiniang Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Chuxin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Haitao Xiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Mi Huang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- BGI-Hubei, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- BGI-Hubei, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- BGI-Hubei, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Bo Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Naibo Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- Complete Genomics, Inc., 2904 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA, 95134, USA.
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Costa D, Scognamiglio M, Fiorito C, Benincasa G, Napoli C. Genetic background, epigenetic factors and dietary interventions which influence human longevity. Biogerontology 2019; 20:605-626. [PMID: 31309340 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Longevity is mainly conditioned by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Different genetic modifications seem to be positively associated to longevity, including SNPs in SIRT1, APOE, FOXO3A, ACE, ATM, NOS1 and NOS2 gene. Epigenetic changes as DNA hyper- and hypo-methylation influence significantly human longevity by activating/deactivating different genes involved in physiological mechanisms. Several studies have confirmed that centenarians have a lower DNA methylation content compared to young subjects, which showed more homogeneously methylated DNA region. Also the up-regulation of miR-21 seems to be more associated with longevity in different populations of long-lived subjects, suggesting its role as potential epigenetic biomarkers. A non-pharmacological treatment that seems to contrast age-related diseases and promote longevity is represented by dietary intervention. It has been evaluated the effects of dietary restriction of both single nutrients or total calories to extend lifespan. However, in daily practice it is very difficult to guarantee adherence/compliance of the subjects to dietary restriction and at the same time avoid dangerous nutritional deficiencies. As consequence, the attention has focused on a variety of substances both drugs and natural compounds able to mime the beneficial effects of caloric restriction, including resveratrol, quercetin, rapamycin, metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Costa
- U.O.C. of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Scognamiglio
- U.O.C. of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Fiorito
- U.O.C. of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- U.O.C. of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Sommese L, Benincasa G, Schiano C, Marfella R, Grimaldi V, Sorriento A, Lucchese R, Fiorito C, Sardu C, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. Genetic and epigenetic-sensitive regulatory network in immune response: a putative link between HLA-G and diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:233-241. [PMID: 31131681 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1620103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) gene encodes for a tolerogenic molecule constitutively expressed in human pancreas and upregulated upon inflammatory signals. The 14 bp INS/DEL polymorphism in the 3'UTR of HLA-G may influence the susceptibility for diabetes and coronary heart diseases (CHD), thus suggesting a novel candidate gene. DNA hypomethylation at HLA-G promoter may be a putative useful clinical biomarker for CHD onset. Upregulation of soluble HLA-G isoform (sHLA-G) was detected in prediabetic and diabetic subjects, suggesting a putative role in metabolic dysfunctions. AREAS COVERED We conducted a scoping literature review of genetic and epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms regulating HLA-G in diabetes. English-language manuscripts published between 1997 and 2019, were identified through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science database searches. After selecting 14 original articles representing case-control studies, we summarized and critically evaluated their main findings. EXPERT COMMENTARY Although epigenetic modifications are involved in the onset of hyperglycemic conditions evolving into diabetes and CHD, it is still difficult to obtain simple and useful clinical biomarkers. Inflammatory-induced KDM6A/INF-β/HLA-G axis might be a part of the epigenetic network leading to overexpression of HLA-G at pancreatic level. Network medicine may show whether HLA-G is involved in diabetes and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sommese
- a U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- b Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Marfella
- b Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- a U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Antonio Sorriento
- a U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Roberta Lucchese
- a U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Carmela Fiorito
- a U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- b Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- d Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties , Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- b Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
- c IRCCS SDN , Naples , Italy
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