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Thirumalaivasan N, Mahapatra S, Ramanathan G, Kumar A, Raja T, Muthuramamoorthy M, Pandit B, Pandiaraj S, Prakash S. Exploring antimicrobial and biocompatible applications of eco-friendly fluorescent carbon dots derived from fast-food packaging waste transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117888. [PMID: 38097060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In the face of escalating environmental concerns, particularly the pervasive issue of non-biodegradable fast-food packaging waste, this study introduces a ground-breaking solution that not only addresses waste management but also advances biomedical technology. Utilizing the underexploited resource of Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae, we have innovatively transformed fast-food packaging waste into eco-friendly fluorescent carbon dots (FPCDs). These FPCDs were meticulously characterized through advanced techniques like FT-IR, TEM, and XRD, shedding light on their unique structure, morphology, and composition. A significant discovery of this study is the potent antimicrobial properties of these FPCDs, which demonstrate remarkable effectiveness against specific bacterial and fungal strains. This opens new avenues in the realm of biomedical applications, including imaging, drug delivery, and biosensing. Furthermore, extensive toxicity assessments, including the Brine shrimp lethality assay and Adult Artemia toxicity tests, underscore the safety of these nanoparticles, bolstering their applicability in sensitive medical scenarios. Our research presents a compelling dual approach, ingeniously tackling environmental sustainability issues by repurposing waste while simultaneously creating valuable materials for biomedical use. This dual benefit underscores the transformative potential of our approach, setting a precedent in both waste management and medical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natesan Thirumalaivasan
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sonalismita Mahapatra
- Marine Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR Campus, Tamilnadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Ganesan Ramanathan
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, 627412, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Thandavamoorthy Raja
- Material Science Lab, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai- 77, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Bidhan Pandit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911, Legnes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Santhiyagu Prakash
- Marine Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR Campus, Tamilnadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603103, India.
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Kariminia S, Shamsipur M, Barati A. Fluorescent folic acid-chitosan/carbon dot for pH-responsive drug delivery and bioimaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127728. [PMID: 38287587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the most important reasons of death in the world is cancer. With the development of nanotechnology, advanced methods for treatment of cancer have introduced. In this work, the fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were prepared from chitosan as the second abundant polysaccharide present in the nature. The surface of CDs was modified with chitosan (CDs/CS) and then the amino groups of chitosan were conjugated with activated folic acid (CDs/CS-FA) for controlled delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) as anticancer drug against HeLa cancer cells. The DOX loading efficiency of fluorescent CDs/CS-FA was high and nearly 60 %. Due to pH sensitive swelling/deswelling of CS, the percentage of cumulative DOX release could reach 90 % at cancer tissue (pH of 5.0) and 52 % at normal tissue (pH of 7.4) within 30 h. The cytotoxicity study revealed that the synthesized CDs were highly compatible on HeLa cells with cell viability 97-88 %. Cellular imaging shows that the entry of CDs/CS-FA to HeLa cells causes a green fluorescence, while the CDs/CS without FA have a negligible fluorescence. These results are due to the important role of FA in cell internalization. Thus, the CDs/CS-FA nanocarrier is suitable candidate for controlled pH sensitive drug delivery and cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Barati
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Lagos KJ, García D, Cuadrado CF, de Souza LM, Mezzacappo NF, da Silva AP, Inada N, Bagnato V, Romero MP. Carbon dots: Types, preparation, and their boosted antibacterial activity by photoactivation. Current status and future perspectives. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1887. [PMID: 37100045 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) correspond to carbon-based materials (CBM) with sizes usually below 10 nm. These nanomaterials exhibit attractive properties such us low toxicity, good stability, and high conductivity, which have promoted their thorough study over the past two decades. The current review describes four types of CDs: carbon quantum dots (CQDs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon nanodots (CNDs), and carbonized polymers dots (CPDs), together with the state of the art of the main routes for their preparation, either by "top-down" or "bottom-up" approaches. Moreover, among the various usages of CDs within biomedicine, we have focused on their application as a novel class of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, concretely, owing their photoactivation capability that triggers an enhanced antibacterial property. Our work presents the recent advances in this field addressing CDs, their composites and hybrids, applied as photosensitizers (PS), and photothermal agents (PA) within antibacterial strategies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and synchronic PDT/PTT. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects for the possible future development of large-scale preparation of CDs, and the potential for these nanomaterials to be employed in applications to combat other pathogens harmful to human health. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina J Lagos
- Department of Materials, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - David García
- Department of Materials, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Natalia Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
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Berberine-Based Carbon Quantum Dots Improve Intestinal Barrier Injury and Alleviate Oxidative Stress in C57BL/6 Mice with 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Enhancing Gut-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Contents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052148. [PMID: 36903391 PMCID: PMC10004514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of berberine-based carbon quantum dots (Ber-CDs) on improving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis in C57BL/6 mice, and explored the mechanisms behind this effect. Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis model (5-FU), 5-FU + Ber-CDs intervention (Ber-CDs), and 5-FU + native berberine intervention (Con-CDs). The Ber-CDs improved body weight loss in 5-FU-induced mice with intestinal mucositis compared to the 5-FU group. The expressions of IL-1β and NLRP3 in spleen and serum in Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups were significantly lower than those in the 5-FU group, and the decrease was more significant in the Ber-CDs group. The expressions of IgA and IL-10 in the Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups were higher than those in the 5-FU group, but the up-regulation was more significant in the Ber-CDs group. Compared with the 5-FU group, the relative contents of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and the three main SCFAs in the colon contents were significantly increased the Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups. Compared with the Con-Ber group, the concentrations of the three main short-chain fatty acids in the Ber-CDs group were significantly increased. The expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in intestinal mucosa in the Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups were higher than those in the 5-FU group, and the expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in the Ber-CDs group were more higher than that in the Con-Ber group. In addition, compared with the 5-FU group, the damage of intestinal mucosa tissue in the Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups were recovered. In conclusion, berberine can attenuate intestinal barrier injury and oxidative stress in mice to mitigate 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis, moreover, the above effects of Ber-CDs were more significant than those of native berberine. These results suggest that Ber-CDs may be a highly effective substitute for natural berberine.
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Yu H, Tang K, Cai Z, Lin X, Huang Y, Yu T, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Wu L, Yang L, Shan H, Luo H. Carbon Dots-Based Nanozyme for Drug-Resistant Lung Cancer Therapy by Encapsulated Doxorubicin/siRNA Cocktail. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:933-948. [PMID: 36852185 PMCID: PMC9960730 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s390984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nanomaterials exhibited intrinsic enzyme-like properties due to the unique properties compared with natural enzyme. Carbon dots (CDs) are an important kind of quantum-sized nanomaterials, which have enormous application potential in bio-imaging, drug carrier, and nanosystems. Carbon dots possess intrinsic enzyme-like properties, such as glutathione (GSH) oxidase or peroxidase activities. Methods A co-delivery nanosystem that could carry siRNA and doxorubucin (DOX) simultaneously has been studied in this work. The co-delivery based on carbon dots was surface-modified with poly-ethylenimine (PEI) and loaded the siMRP1 with chemotherapeutics on the surface with pH-triggered drug release. The CD-PEI was synthesized by one-step microwave assisted method; the PEI was raw materials and passivator during the reaction process that makes CDs exhibit excellent optical property. Results The CD-PEI was capable of loading and delivering siMRP1 and DOX to tumors and releasing them synchronously in cells in an acid-triggered manner. The particles exhibited GSH oxidase-like catalytic property, oxidizing GSH to oxidized glutathione with concomitant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that silencing of MRP1 by co-delivery system antagonized chemoresistance by increasing DOX accumulation and significantly enhancing the inhibitory effect of cell viability induced by CD-PEI-DOX. The co-delivery system dramatically inhibited tumor growth in xenograft model, and CDs counteracted MRP1 function by siRNA-mediated knockdown of MRP1. Conclusion Taken together, we uncover the potential role of CDs with a combination of siRNA and chemotherapeutics in overcoming chemoresistance of lung cancer by suppressing MRP1 and oxidation of GSH. Our findings imply its potential of antagonizing chemoresistance to enhance therapeutic efficiency of doxorubicin in clinical practices of lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Green Aerotechnics Research Institute of Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Cui X, Lei T, Zhang J, Chen Z, Luo H, Chen H, He Y, Song G. Smartphone-assisted miniature device based on nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots for point-of-care testing of tetracycline. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 283:121727. [PMID: 35998426 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A miniature device was design for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of tetracycline (TC) including a ratio fluorescence test strip, a sample slot, a UV lamp and a smartphone. The nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) and Eu3+ were dropped onto the filter paper to construct the ratio fluorescence test strips for the specific detection of TC. Under the excitation at 390 nm, the fluorescence emission of N, S-CDs at 530 nm decreases through inner filter effect (IEF) after addition of Eu3+. When the further addition of TC, the emission of N, S-CDs at 530 nm kept unchanged while the emission of Eu3+ at 616 nm was obviously enhanced for the antenna effect (AE) between Eu3+ and TC. The ratio changes of the two-fluorescence emission realized the quantitative detection of TC. In addition, the test strips with different concentrations of TC showed different fluorescence color from green to red under a 365 nm UV lamp. The miniature device was designed as a fluorescence photo reader with the merits of the powerful functions of smartphones and the portability of test strips. The smartphone camera takes a fluorescent color image of the test strips and the photos are recognized by a color recognizer on the smartphone to obtain RGB (red-greenblue) values which reflect the concentrations of the analytes. Therefore, we established a fast, sensitive and efficient POCT of TC. In particular, the proposed nanomaterial-based POCT platform will open a new route towards the development of ratio fluorescence probe for TC analysis for environment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Cui
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Hubei Light Industry Institute of Research & Design Co., Ltd, No. 1 Yangsigang Road, Hanyang District 430052, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zifan Chen
- Hubei Light Industry Institute of Research & Design Co., Ltd, No. 1 Yangsigang Road, Hanyang District 430052, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Hubei Light Industry Institute of Research & Design Co., Ltd, No. 1 Yangsigang Road, Hanyang District 430052, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Hubei Light Industry Institute of Research & Design Co., Ltd, No. 1 Yangsigang Road, Hanyang District 430052, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Gongwu Song
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Chen Y, Li X. The utilization of carbon-based nanomaterials in bone tissue regeneration and engineering: Respective featured applications and future prospects. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Cyclo[18]carbon-A new class of electron acceptor for organic solar cells applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li X, Lu Y, Li J, Zhou S, Wang Y, Li L, Zhao F. Photoluminescent carbon dots (PCDs) from sour apple: a biocompatible nanomaterial for preventing UHMWPE wear-particle induced osteolysis via modulating Chemerin/ChemR23 and SIRT1 signaling pathway and its bioimaging application. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:301. [PMID: 35761350 PMCID: PMC9235131 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescent nanomaterials have been widely employed in several biological applications both in vitro and in vivo. For the first time, we report a novel application of sour apple-derived photoluminescent carbon dots (PCDs) for reducing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particle-induced osteolysis using mouse calvarial model. Generally, aseptic prosthetic loosening seems to be a significant postoperative problem for artificial joints replacement, which is mainly contributed by UHMWPE-induced osteolysis. Hence, inhibiting osteoclastic bone-resorption could minimize UHMWPE-induced osteolysis for implant loosening. Prior to osteolysis studies, the prepared sour apple-derived PCDs were employed for bioimaging application. As expected, the prepared PCDs effectively inhibited the UHMWPE particle-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The PCDs treatment effectively inhibited the UHMWPE-induced osteoclast differentiation, F-actin ring pattern, and bone resorption in vitro. Also, the PCDs reduced the UHMWPE-induced ROS stress as well as the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8. Further, the qPCR and western blot results hypothesized that PCDs inhibited the UHMWPE wear particle-induced osteolysis through suppressing chemerin/ChemR23 signaling and NFATc1 pathway, along with upregulation of SIRT1 expression. Overall, these findings suggest that the synthesized PCDs could be a potential therapeutic material for minimizing UHMWPE particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis to avoid postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengji Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangping Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengchao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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Habib S, Singh M. Carbon-based Nanomaterials for delivery of small RNA molecules: a focus on potential cancer treatment applications. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:PNT-EPUB-124198. [PMID: 35670355 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220606102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid-mediated therapy holds immense potential in the treatment of recalcitrant human diseases such as cancer. This is underscored by advances in understanding the mechanisms of gene regulation. In particular, the endogenous protective mechanism of gene silencing known as RNA interference (RNAi) has been extensively exploited. METHODS We review here the developments from 2011 to 2021, in the use of nanographene oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanodots and nanodiamonds for the delivery of therapeutic small RNA molecules. RESULTS Appropriately designed effector molecules such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), can, in theory, silence the expression of any disease-causing gene. Alternatively, siRNA can be generated in vivo through the introduction of plasmid-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors. Other small RNAs such as micro RNA (miRNA) also function in post-transcriptional gene regulation and are aberrantly expressed under disease conditions. The miRNA-based therapy involves either restoration of miRNA function through the introduction of miRNA mimics; or the inhibition of miRNA function by delivering anti-miRNA oligomers. However, the large size, hydrophilicity, negative charge and nuclease-sensitivity of nucleic acids necessitate an appropriate carrier for their introduction as medicine into cells. CONCLUSION While numerous organic and inorganic materials have been investigated for this purpose, the perfect carrier agent remains elusive. In recent years, carbon-based nanomaterials have received widespread attention in biotechnology due to their tunable surface characteristics, mechanical, electrical, optical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffiya Habib
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
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Geng J, Wang Z, Wu Y, Yu L, Wang L, Dong Q, Liu C, Chi Z. Intrinsic specificity of plain ammonium citrate carbon dots for Helicobacter pylori: Interfacial mechanism, diagnostic translation and general revelation. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100282. [PMID: 35601896 PMCID: PMC9119834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of carbon dots (CDs) is now flourishing; however, more effort is needed to overcome their lack of intrinsic specificity. Herein, instead of synthesizing novel CDs, we reinvestigated three reported CDs and discovered that plain ammonium citrate CDs (AC-CDs) exhibited surprising specificity for Helicobacter pylori. Notably, we showed that the interfacial mechanism behind this specificity was due to the affinity between the high abundant urea/ammonium transporters on H. pylori outer membrane and the surface-coordinated ammonium ions on AC-CDs. Further, we justified that ammonium sulfate-citric acid CDs also possessed H. pylori-specificity owing to their NH4+ doping. Thereby, we suggested that the incorporation of a molecule that could be actively transported by abundant membrane receptors into the precursors of CDs might serve as a basis for developing a plain CD with intrinsic specificity for H. pylori. Moreover, AC-CDs exhibited specificity towards live, dead, and multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains. Based on the specificity, we developed a microfluidics-assisted in vitro sensing approach for H. pylori, achieving a simplified, rapid and ultrasensitive detection with two procedures, shortened time within 45.0 min and a low actual limit of detection of 10.0 CFU mL−1. This work sheds light on the design of more H. pylori-specific or even bacteria-specific CDs and their realistic translation into clinical practice. Plain ammonium citrate CDs have intrinsic specificity for Helicobacter pylori. Affinity of outer-membrane urea receptors to NH4+ on CDs decides the specificity. The specific CDs coupling microfluidics confers a simplified detection of H. pylori. The mechanism and translation inspire the engineering of bacteria-specific CDs.
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Habib S, Singh M. Angiopep-2-Modified Nanoparticles for Brain-Directed Delivery of Therapeutics: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:712. [PMID: 35215625 PMCID: PMC8878382 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has opened up a world of possibilities for the treatment of brain disorders. Nanosystems can be designed to encapsulate, carry, and deliver a variety of therapeutic agents, including drugs and nucleic acids. Nanoparticles may also be formulated to contain photosensitizers or, on their own, serve as photothermal conversion agents for phototherapy. Furthermore, nano-delivery agents can enhance the efficacy of contrast agents for improved brain imaging and diagnostics. However, effective nano-delivery to the brain is seriously hampered by the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Advances in understanding natural transport routes across the BBB have led to receptor-mediated transcytosis being exploited as a possible means of nanoparticle uptake. In this regard, the oligopeptide Angiopep-2, which has high BBB transcytosis capacity, has been utilized as a targeting ligand. Various organic and inorganic nanostructures have been functionalized with Angiopep-2 to direct therapeutic and diagnostic agents to the brain. Not only have these shown great promise in the treatment and diagnosis of brain cancer but they have also been investigated for the treatment of brain injury, stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on studies conducted from 2010 to 2021 with Angiopep-2-modified nanoparticles aimed at the treatment and diagnosis of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
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Liu H, Chen J, Qiao S, Zhang W. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4718-4735. [PMID: 34586781 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As the main load-bearing structure in the human body, bone and cartilage are susceptible to damage in sports and other activities. The repair and regeneration of bone and articular cartilage have been extensively studied in the past decades. Traditional approaches have been widely applied in clinical practice, but the effect varies from person to person and may cause side effects. With the rapid development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, various biomaterials show great potential in the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Carbon-based nanomaterials are solid materials with different structures and properties composed of allotropes of carbon, which are classified into zero-, one-, and two-dimensional ones. This Review systemically summarizes the different types of carbon-based nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional (fullerene, carbon dots, nanodiamonds), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), and two-dimensional (graphenic materials) as well as their applications in bone, cartilage, and osteochondral regeneration. Current limitations and future perspectives of carbon-based nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
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Fan J, Li Q, Chen L, Du J, Xue W, Yu S, Su X, Yang Y. Research Progress in the Synthesis of Targeting Organelle Carbon Dots and Their Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1891-1916. [PMID: 34706792 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With increasing knowledge about diseases at the histological, cytological to sub-organelle level, targeting organelle therapy has gradually been envisioned as an approach to overcome the shortcomings of poor specificity and multiple toxic side effects on tissues and cell-level treatments using the currently available therapy. Organelle carbon dots (CDs) are a class of functionalized CDs that can target organelles. CDs can be prepared by a "synchronous in situ synthesis method" and "asynchronous modification method." The superior optical properties and good biocompatibility of CDs can be preserved, and they can be used as targeting particles to carry drugs into cells while reducing leakage during transport. Given the excellent organelle fluorescence imaging properties, targeting organelle CDs can be used to monitor the physiological metabolism of organelles and progression of human diseases, which will provide advanced understanding and accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancers. This study reviews the methods used for preparation of targeting organelle CDs, mechanisms of accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer, as well as their application in the area of cancer diagnosis and treatment research. Finally, the current difficulties and prospects for targeting organelle CDs are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Fan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jinglei Du
- Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wenqiang Xue
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shiping Yu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiuqin Su
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Natural Products from Madagascar, Socio-Cultural Usage, and Potential Applications in Advanced Biomedicine: A Concise Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154507. [PMID: 34361660 PMCID: PMC8348691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products endowed of biological activity represent a primary source of commodities ranging from nutrition to therapeutic agents, as well as cosmetic tools and recreational principles. These natural means have been used by mankind for centuries, if not millennia. They are commonly used all over the world in socio-economical contexts, but are particularly attractive in disadvantaged areas or economically emerging situations all over the world. This is very likely due to the relatively easy recovery of these bioactive principles from the environment, at a low if any cost, as well as ease of administration and the general popular compliance concerning their consumption/ingestion. In this concise review, we focus on some popular bioactive principles of botanical origin which find a wide use in the Madagascan populations. However, due to space limitations, only some of the most common and largely diffused principles in this country are considered. Finally, a possible nanotechnological administration is discussed in the case where a potential therapeutic usage is envisaged.
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Debnath SK, Srivastava R. Drug Delivery With Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanocarriers: Progress and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.644564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing interest, a large number of researches have been conducted on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs). However, their uses are limited due to comprehensive potential environmental and human health effects. It is often confusing for researchers to make an informed choice regarding the versatile carbon-based nanocarrier system and its potential applications. This review has highlighted emerging applications and cutting-edge progress of CBNs in drug delivery. Some critical factors like enzymatic degradation, surface modification, biological interactions, and bio-corona have been discussed here. These factors will help to fabricate CBNs for effective drug delivery. This review also addresses recent advancements in carbon-based target specific and release controlled drug delivery to improve disease treatment. The scientific community has turned their research efforts into the development of novel production methods of CBNs to make their production more attractive to the industrial sector. Due to the nanosize and diversified physical properties, these CBNs have demonstrated distinct biological interaction. Thus long-term preclinical toxicity study is recommended before finally translating to clinical application.
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Baboota S, Ali J. Nanotherapeutics for Neurological Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2193-2194. [PMID: 32563238 DOI: 10.2174/138161282619200520074049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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