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Zhang L, Liu M, Sun Q, Cheng S, Chi Y, Zhang J, Wang B, Zhou L, Zhao J. Engineering M2 type macrophage-derived exosomes for autoimmune hepatitis immunotherapy via loading siRIPK3. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116161. [PMID: 38244330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive liver disease mediated by the immune system that involves an imbalance in pro-inflammatory and regulatory mechanisms including regulatory T cells (Tregs), T helper 17 (Th17) cells, Th1, macrophages, and many other immune cells. Current steroid therapy for AIH has significant systemic side effects and is poorly tolerated by some individuals. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative treatments. Maintaining homeostasis in macrophage differentiation and activation is crucial for regulating immune responses in hepatitis. In this study, we loaded small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) into M2-type macrophage-derived exosomes (M2 Exos) to create functionalized exosomes called M2 Exos/siRIPK3. These exosomes demonstrated a natural ability to target the liver in mice, as they were efficiently taken up by hepatic macrophages and showed significant and stable accumulation. M2 Exos/siRIPK3 effectively mitigated immune-mediated hepatitis by suppressing the expression of RIPK3, resulting in a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in both liver tissues and serum. Additionally, M2 Exos/siRIPK3 exhibited immunomodulatory effects, as its administration resulted in a decreased proportion of hepatic and splenic Th17 cells, along with an increased ratio of Tregs. Overall, this study suggests that loading small molecule drugs onto M2 Exos could be a promising approach for developing immunomodulators that specifically target liver macrophages to treat AIH. This strategy has the potential to provide a safer and more effective alternative to current therapy for AIH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shuqin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yirong Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Yuming Z, Ruqi T, Gershwin ME, Xiong M. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Pathophysiology. Clin Liver Dis 2024; 28:15-35. [PMID: 37945156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association analyses suggest that HLA genes including HLA-DRB*0301, HLA-DRB*0401, and HLA-B*3501 as well as non-HLA genes including CD28/CTLA4/ICOS and SYNPR increased AIH susceptibility. The destruction of hepatocytes is the result of the imbalance between proinflammatory cells and immunosuppressive cells, especially the imbalance between Tregs and Th17 cells. The microbiome in patients with AIH is decreased in diversity with a specific decline in Bifidobacterium and enrichment in Veillonella and Faecalibacterium. Recent evidence has demonstrated the pathogenic role of E. gallinarum and L.reuteri in inducing autoimmunity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yuming
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Tang Ruqi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Merrill Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Ma Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China; Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Wei X, Cheng X, Luo Y, Li X. Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate S100-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis via Modulating Th1 and Th17 Cell Responses in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:9992207. [PMID: 37881518 PMCID: PMC10597736 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9992207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the first-line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is still the combination of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants. However, hormone and immunosuppressive therapy can cause serious side effects, such as Cushing syndrome and bone marrow suppression. Previous studies reported on the applicability and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to ameliorate liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, the characteristics of MSCs sources directly contribute to the different conclusions on the mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated immunoregulation. Bone marrow-derived MSCs can exert an immunosuppression effect to ameliorate the S100-induced AIH model by inhibiting several proinflammatory cytokines and upregulating of PD-L1 in liver tissue. It is not clear whether human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) could directly inhibit liver inflammation and ultimately alleviate the dysfunction of hepatocytes in the AIH model. First, hUC-MSCs were extracted from umbilical cord tissue, and the basic biological properties and multilineage differentiation potential were examined. Second, 1 × 106 hUC-MSCs were administered intravenously to AIH mice. At the peak of the disease, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and pathologic damage to liver tissue were measured to evaluate liver function and degree of inflammation. We also observed that the infiltration of CD4+ T cells in the liver was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the frequency of the splenic IFNγ- and IL-17A- producing CD4+ T cells were also significantly decreased, while we only observed an increasing trend in Treg cells in liver tissue. Third, an RNA sequencing analysis of liver tissue was performed, which showed that in the UC-MSC-treated group, the transcriptional profiles of inflammation-related signaling pathways were significantly negatively regulated compared to those of phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice. Collectively, these findings indicated the potential of hUC-MSC to suppress immune responses in immune anomaly mediated liver disease, thus offering a potential clinical option to improve AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wei
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xinhong Cheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yang Luo
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
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Chen H, Han Z, Fan Y, Chen L, Peng F, Cheng X, Wang Y, Su J, Li D. CD4+ T-cell subsets in autoimmune hepatitis: A review. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0269. [PMID: 37695088 PMCID: PMC10497257 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that can lead to hepatocyte destruction, inflammation, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. The diagnosis of AIH requires the identification of lymphoblast cell interface hepatitis and serum biochemical abnormalities, as well as the exclusion of related diseases. According to different specific autoantibodies, AIH can be divided into AIH-1 and AIH-2. The first-line treatment for AIH is a corticosteroid and azathioprine regimen, and patients with liver failure require liver transplantation. However, the long-term use of corticosteroids has obvious side effects, and patients are prone to relapse after drug withdrawal. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an imbalance in immune tolerance of self-antigens, activation of autoreactive T cells, overactivity of B cells, and increased production of autoantibodies. CD4+ T cells are key players in adaptive immunity and can secrete cytokines, activate B cells to produce antibodies, and influence the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. According to their characteristics, CD4+ T cells can be divided into different subsets. In this review, we discuss the changes in T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, Th9, Th22, regulatory T cell, T follicular helper, and T peripheral helper cells and their related factors in AIH and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting CD4+ T-cell subsets in AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyue Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Liuyan Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyan Su
- The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
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5
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Huang Z, Nie S, Wang H, Yan W, Tian D, Liu M. The proportion of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110576. [PMID: 37390643 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many researches have reported the impairment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), whilst the change of Tregs in peripheral blood remains controversial. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the numerical change of circulating Tregs in AIH patients compared with healthy individuals. METHODS Relevant studies were identified from Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Data. Twenty-nine studies involving 968 AIH patients and 583 healthy controls were included. Subgroup analysis stratified by Treg definition or ethnicity was performed, and analysis of active-phase AIH was conducted. RESULTS The proportions of Tregs among CD4 T cells and PBMCs were generally decreased in AIH patients compared with healthy controls. Subgroup analysis showed that circulating Tregs identified by CD4+CD25+/high, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+, CD4+CD25+/highCD127-/low, and Tregs in Asian population were decreased among CD4 T cells in AIH patients. No significant change of CD4+CD25+/highFoxp3+CD127-/low Tregs and Tregs in Caucasian population among CD4 T cells were found in AIH patients, whereas the number of studies was limited in these subgroups. Moreover, analysis of the active-phase AIH patients showed that Treg proportions were decreased generally, whereas no significant differences in Tregs/CD4 T cells were observed when markers CD4+CD25+Foxp3+, CD4+CD25+/highFoxp3+CD127-/low were used or in Caucasian population. CONCLUSIONS The proportions of Tregs among CD4 T cells and PBMCs were decreased in AIH patients compared with healthy controls generally, whereas Treg definition markers, ethnicity, and disease activity had influence on the results. Further large-scale and rigorous study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shangshu Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China.
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6
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Han HT, Jin WL, Li X. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy in liver diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:23. [PMID: 35895169 PMCID: PMC9326420 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple immune cells and their products in the liver together form a complex and unique immune microenvironment, and preclinical models have demonstrated the importance of imbalances in the hepatic immune microenvironment in liver inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases. Various immunotherapies have been attempted to modulate the hepatic immune microenvironment for the purpose of treating liver diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a comprehensive and plastic immunomodulatory capacity. On the one hand, they have been tried for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases because of their excellent immunosuppressive capacity; On the other hand, MSCs have immune-enhancing properties in immunocompromised settings and can be modified into cellular carriers for targeted transport of immune enhancers by genetic modification, physical and chemical loading, and thus they are also used in the treatment of immunocompromised liver diseases such as chronic viral infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the immunological basis and recent strategies of MSCs for the treatment of the aforementioned liver diseases. Specifically, we update the immune microenvironment of the liver and summarize the distinct mechanisms of immune microenvironment imbalance in inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases, and how MSCs can fully exploit their immunotherapeutic role in liver diseases with both immune imbalance patterns.
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Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Yari Kalashgrani M, Omidifar N, Lai CW, Vijayakameswara Rao N, Gholami A, Chiang WH. The Pivotal Role of Quantum Dots-Based Biomarkers Integrated with Ultra-Sensitive Probes for Multiplex Detection of Human Viral Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070880. [PMID: 35890178 PMCID: PMC9319763 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of viral diseases has caused global concern in recent years. Detecting viral infections has become challenging in medical research due to their high infectivity and mutation. A rapid and accurate detection method in biomedical and healthcare segments is essential for the effective treatment of pathogenic viruses and early detection of these viruses. Biosensors are used worldwide to detect viral infections associated with the molecular detection of biomarkers. Thus, detecting viruses based on quantum dots biomarkers is inexpensive and has great potential. To detect the ultrasensitive biomarkers of viral infections, QDs appear to be a promising option as biological probes, while physiological components have been used directly to detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously. The simultaneous measurement of numerous clinical parameters of the same sample volume is possible through multiplex detection of human viral infections, which reduces the time and cost required to record any data point. The purpose of this paper is to review recent studies on the effectiveness of the quantum dot as a detection tool for human pandemic viruses. In this review study, different types of quantum dots and their valuable properties in the structure of biomarkers were investigated. Finally, a vision for recent advances in quantum dot-based biomarkers was presented, whereby they can be integrated into super-sensitive probes for the multiplex detection of human viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan; (S.M.M.); (N.V.R.)
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | | | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan; (S.M.M.); (N.V.R.)
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan; (S.M.M.); (N.V.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (W.-H.C.)
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8
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Sirbe C, Simu G, Szabo I, Grama A, Pop TL. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis-Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13578. [PMID: 34948375 PMCID: PMC8703580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric autoimmune liver disorders include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), and de novo AIH after liver transplantation. AIH is an idiopathic disease characterized by immune-mediated hepatocyte injury associated with the destruction of liver cells, causing inflammation, liver failure, and fibrosis, typically associated with autoantibodies. The etiology of AIH is not entirely unraveled, but evidence supports an intricate interaction among genetic variants, environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications. The pathogenesis of AIH comprises the interaction between specific genetic traits and molecular mimicry for disease development, impaired immunoregulatory mechanisms, including CD4+ T cell population and Treg cells, alongside other contributory roles played by CD8+ cytotoxicity and autoantibody production by B cells. These findings delineate an intricate pathway that includes gene to gene and gene to environment interactions with various drugs, viral infections, and the complex microbiome. Epigenetics emphasizes gene expression through hereditary and reversible modifications of the chromatin architecture without interfering with the DNA sequence. These alterations comprise DNA methylation, histone transformations, and non-coding small (miRNA) and long (lncRNA) RNA transcriptions. The current first-line therapy comprises prednisolone plus azathioprine to induce clinical and biochemical remission. Further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms encountered in AIH may depict their impact on clinical aspects, detect biomarkers, and guide toward novel, effective, and better-targeted therapies with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sirbe
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gelu Simu
- Cardiology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400066 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Szabo
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina Grama
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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9
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Liu Q, Tian H, Kang Y, Tian Y, Li L, Kang X, Yang H, Wang Y, Tian J, Zhang F, Tong M, Cai H, Fan W. Probiotics alleviate autoimmune hepatitis in mice through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108863. [PMID: 34517094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated type of chronic liver inflammation accompanied by intestinal flora imbalance. Probiotics have been reported to ameliorate imbalances in the intestinal flora. This study aimed to investigate the effects of compound probiotic in the AIH mouse model. AIH mice were gavaged with compound probiotic and injected intraperitoneally with dexamethasone (dex) for 42 days. The results showed that these treatments suppressed hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration, serum transaminase, and Th1 and Th17 cells. However, Treg cells were increased only in the probiotics group, which indicates an immunomodulatory role of the compound probiotic. The compound probiotic maintained intestinal barrier integrity, blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, and inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the production of inflammatory factors in the liver and ileum. Moreover, the compound probiotic treatment increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria in gut. Compound probiotic may improve ileal barrier function while increasing the diversity of the intestinal flora, blocking the translocation of gut-derived LPS to the liver and therefore preventing activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The resulting inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor production facilitates AIH remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Haixia Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Mingwei Tong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China.
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10
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Drescher HK, Bartsch LM, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Intrahepatic T H17/T Reg Cells in Homeostasis and Disease-It's All About the Balance. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588436. [PMID: 33123017 PMCID: PMC7566778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic hepatic inflammation likely result from an imbalance in the TH1/TH2 cell response and can lead to liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. More recently, a novel CD4+ T helper cell subset was described, characterized by the production of IL-17 and IL-22. These TH17 cells 50were predominantly implicated in host defense against infections and in autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, studies over the last 10 years revealed that the development of TH17 cells favors pro-inflammatory responses in almost all tissues and there is a reciprocal relationship between TH17 and TReg cells. The balance between TH17and TReg cells is critical for immune reactions, especially in injured liver tissue and the return to immune homeostasis. The pathogenic contribution of TH17 and TReg cells in autoimmunity, acute infection, and chronic liver injury is diverse and varies among disease etiologies. Understanding the mechanisms underlying TH17 cell development, recruitment, and maintenance, along with the suppression of TReg cells, will inform the development of new therapeutic strategies in liver diseases. Active manipulation of the balance between pathogenic and regulatory processes in the liver may assist in the restoration of homeostasis, especially in hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Drescher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lea M Bartsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Zhang H, Liu M, Liu X, Zhong W, Li Y, Ran Y, Guo L, Chen X, Zhao J, Wang B, Zhou L. Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569104. [PMID: 33123141 PMCID: PMC7573389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease of uncertain cause. Accumulating evidence shows that gut microbiota and intestinal barrier play significant roles in AIH thus the gut–liver axis has important clinical significance as a potential therapeutic target. In the present study, we found that Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420) significantly alleviated S100-induced experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) and modulated the gut microbiota composition. While the analysis of clinical specimens revealed that the fecal SCFA quantities were decreased in AIH patients, and B420 increased the cecal SCFA quantities in EAH mice. Remarkably, B420 application improved intestinal barrier function through upregulation of tight junction proteins in both vitro and vivo experiments. Moreover, B420 decreased the serum endotoxin level and suppressed the RIP3 signaling pathway of liver macrophages in EAH mice thus regulated the proliferation of Th17 cells. Nevertheless, the inhibition effect of B420 on RIP3 signaling pathway was blunted in vitro studies. Together, our results showed that early intervention with B420 contributed to improve the liver immune homeostasis and liver injury in EAH mice, which might be partly due to the protection of intestinal barrier. Our study suggested the potential efficacy of probiotics application against AIH and the promising therapeutic strategies targeting gut–liver axis for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People's Hospital of Hetian District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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12
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Wahl RU, Leijs M, Araujo A, Rübben A. Correlative Monitoring of Immune Activation and Tissue Damage in Malignant Melanoma-An Algorithm for Identification of Tolerance Breakage During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2020. [PMID: 32188047 PMCID: PMC7139313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an innovative approach for identification of tolerance breakage during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in malignant melanoma. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy enhances the immunologic clearance of cancer by suppressing pathways which induce immune suppression and tolerance. We posit that by analyzing temporal correlations of key markers of immune activation and tissue damage it would be possible to detect the onset of anticancer immune reaction as well as of immunologic adverse effects which might become crucial for optimization as well as safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. We analyzed time courses of routine laboratory values of serum tumor markers as well as of markers of immune activation in 17 patients with metastasized malignant melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibition and weekly laboratory controls. A parallel serum level increase of interleukin-6 and the tumor marker S100B could be identified in 13 patients, suggesting that the onset of tolerance breakage under checkpoint inhibition may be identified and measured. Immune-related adverse events in the patients were also accompanied by a peak of IL-6. In six patients, the onset of a putative anticancer immune reaction and the beginning of immunologic adverse events occurred in the same treatment cycle; in six patients the immunologic adverse reactions took place in separate cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate U. Wahl
- Department of Dermatology, Euregio Skin Cancer Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.U.W.)
| | - Marike Leijs
- Department of Dermatology, Euregio Skin Cancer Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.U.W.)
- Department of Dermatology, Sint-Nikolaus Hospital, Hufengasse 4-8, 4700 Eupen, Belgium
| | - Arturo Araujo
- The AIWorks Research Lab, 7 Gower St, London WC1E 6HA, UK;
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Malet Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Albert Rübben
- Department of Dermatology, Euregio Skin Cancer Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.U.W.)
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Diagnostic Value of Serum Adenosine Deaminase and Its Isoenzymes for Autoimmune Liver Disease. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.98811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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14
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Jalili C, Akhshi N, Raissi F, Shiravi A, Alvani A, Vaezi G, Nedaei SE, Ghanbari A. Acacetin Alleviates Hepatitis Following Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion in Male Balb/C Mice by Antioxidants Regulation and Inflammatory Markers Suppression. J INVEST SURG 2019; 34:495-503. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2019.1656309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasim Akhshi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farshid Raissi
- Department of Pathology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdolhosein Shiravi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Alvand Alvani
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Gholamhasan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ershad Nedaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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15
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Huang T. The Application of High-Throughput Technologies in Precision Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy (Pt III). Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 22:218-219. [DOI: 10.2174/138620732204190724103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
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