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Yi S, Xu T, Song X, Wang W, Yu W, Han B. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Arisaema heterophyllum Blume. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:3297-3299. [PMID: 34712816 PMCID: PMC8547874 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1993460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arisaema heterophyllum Blume is a perennial medicinal herb widely distributed in China, Korea and Japan. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. heterophyllum was assembled and characterized based on high-throughput sequencing data. The whole chloroplast genome is 170,610 bp in length and contains 95,485 bp large single-copy (LSC) and 22,605 bp small single-copy (SSC) regions separated by a pair of 26,260 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. It contained a total of 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, with an overall GC content of 34.5%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 30 chloroplast genomes reveals that A. heterophyllum is mostly related to the same genus A. ringens, A. franchetianum and A. erubescens. The complete chloroplast genome of A. heterophyllum was the firstly reported and deposited at GenBank under accession number MZ424448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyong Yi
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwen Song
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Wangyang Yu
- Anhui Qiansouyan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
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Yi S, Xu T, Song X, Wang W, Wang G, Yu W, Han B. The complete chloroplast genome of Arisaema bockii Engler and its phylogenetic analysis in the family Araceae. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:3283-3285. [PMID: 34712813 PMCID: PMC8547865 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1993107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Arisaema bockii Engler is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant, which is widely distributed in many provinces in China such as Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. bockii was assembled and characterized based on high-throughput sequencing data. The total length of chloroplast genome was 175,537 bp, including large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 98,870 bp and 23,345 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 27,161 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome contained 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and one pseudogene. The overall GC content of the genome was 33.6%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 30 chloroplast genomes revealed that A. bockii was mostly related to the same genus species A. ringens, A. franchetianum and A. erubescens. The work reported the first complete chloroplast genome of A. bockii, which may provide some useful information to the evolution of the family Araceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyong Yi
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwen Song
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Analytical and Testing Center, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Wangyang Yu
- Anhui Qiansouyan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lu'an, P.R. China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
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Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Meraya AM, Ahsan W, Mohan S, Taha MME, Khalid A. Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637553. [PMID: 34054806 PMCID: PMC8155592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body's defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique A. Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. E. Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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