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Vaughn SA, Berghaus LJ, Hart KA. Assessing the effects of ex vivo hormonal exposure on oxidative responses in equine leukocytes: A preliminary study. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 276:110827. [PMID: 39293133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Breed differences exist between horses and ponies in circulating concentrations of several hormones, notably ACTH and insulin. These hormones regulate stress and metabolic responses, but in other species, they also impact leukocyte oxidant responses. The effects of these hormones on equine leukocytes have not been evaluated to date. If equine leukocytes are similarly regulated, breed differences in increased plasma hormone concentrations or altered sensitivity to them at the leukocyte level could result in breed-related differences in oxidant responses or oxidative status. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the effects of ex vivo exposure to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), insulin, or leptin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from leukocytes isolated from horses and ponies. We hypothesized that ACTH, α-MSH, insulin, and leptin would alter oxidant responses from equine leukocytes in a breed specific manner. Blood was collected from 10 apparently healthy Quarter horses and seven Welsh ponies for isolation of neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via density gradient centrifugation. Cells were incubated with media (negative control), microbial antigens (positive control), or ACTH, α-MSH, leptin, or insulin for two hours. Induced ROS production was quantified with a previously validated fluorometric assay. Data was compared within groups by comparing a stimulant within a group (horses or ponies) to baseline, between groups by comparing horse response to pony response, and among stimulants using one- and two-way, repeated measures ANOVA (P<0.05). There was no significant effect of breed on basal, microbial-induced, or hormone-induced ROS production from neutrophils (P=0.465) or PBMCs (P=0.749), but in neutrophils, a significant interaction between breed and stimulant was present (P=0.037). ROS production from PBMCs from horses after hormone exposure did not differ from cells exposed to media only (P=0.1520-0.8180). Similarly, neither leptin nor insulin exposure significantly induced ROS production from PBMCs from ponies (P= 0.2645 and 0.4678 respectively), but exposure to ACTH or α-MSH induced a significant increase in ROS production (P=0.0441 and 0.0440 respectively) compared to unstimulated cells. Hormones that vary in availability among breeds may induce ex vivo pro-oxidant responses in equine leukocytes, but specific effects are breed-, leukocyte type-, and hormone-dependent. Breed differences in hormonally induced leukocyte ROS production may warrant further investigation in the context of circulating oxidative stress and how this might relate to future disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Vaughn
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Londa J Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA.
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Wolszczak-Biedrzycka B, Dorf J, Matowicka-Karna J, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Wojewódzka-Żeleźniakowicz M, Żukowski P, Zalewska A, Dąbrowski Ł, Maciejczyk M. Redox Biomarkers - An Effective Tool for Diagnosing COVID-19 Patients and Convalescents. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2589-2607. [PMID: 38699594 PMCID: PMC11063110 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s456849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim COVID-19 triggers the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which, in combination with a weakened antioxidant barrier, can lead to protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, the overall redox potential, and protein and lipid peroxidation products in COVID-19 patients, convalescents, and healthy subjects, and to the determine the diagnostic applicability of these parameters in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods The study involved 218 patients with COVID-19, 69 convalescents, and 48 healthy subjects who were selected for the research based on age and sex. The study was conducted between 20 February 2021 and 20 November 2021 in Białystok, Poland. The antioxidant barrier, redox status, and oxidative damage products were assessed in serum/plasma samples with the use of colorimetric and spectrophotometric assays. Results Glutathione reductase (GR) activity was higher, whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was lower in COVID-19 patients than in convalescents (p<0.0001) and the control group (p<0.0001). The concentrations of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were higher in COVID-19 patients (p<0.0001) and convalescents (p<0.0001) than in the control group. AGEs were the most effective diagnostic biomarker for differentiating COVID-19 patients from the control group (AUC=0.9971) and convalescents from the control group (AUC=1.000). Conclusion An infection with the SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the redox balance and increases protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. AGEs fulfill the criteria for a potential diagnostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients and convalescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Wolszczak-Biedrzycka
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Żukowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Croydon University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Do Circulating Redox Biomarkers Have Diagnostic Significance in Alcohol-Intoxicated People? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911808. [PMID: 36233115 PMCID: PMC9569923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic properties of ethanol are inextricably linked to oxidative stress. Despite many reports on the effects of alcohol dependence on blood redox homeostasis, there are no data on the oxidative stress profile in alcohol-poisoned cases. There are also no data on the diagnostic usefulness of redox biomarkers determined post-mortem in various biological fluids. This work investigates the utility of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant barrier, redox status, and oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in different biological fluids (such as blood, urine, vitreous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid) in the post-mortem study of patients with acute alcohol intoxication. The study group included those who died due to acute ethanol intoxication (n = 22). The research showed a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant status, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and tryptophan concentration only in the study group’s urine compared to the control. In other circulating fluids, both antioxidant enzyme activities and glycoxidation product concentrations were not significantly different in individuals who died of alcohol overdose compared with those who died suddenly. We also did not observe a connection between oxidation–reduction balance and the amount of alcohol consumed before death. These unexpected observations may be caused by irreversible post-mortem changes occurring at the cellular level due to autolysis and putrefaction. In summary, the use of circulating body fluids to assess redox homeostasis is limited in the post-mortem analysis. Our results indicate the increased stability of urine collected post mortem compared to other circulating bioliquids. Further studies are needed to assess the intensity of oxidative and carbonyl stress in ethanol-damaged organs and the effects of post-mortem processes on cellular redox balance.
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Moyse E, Arsenault M, Gaudreau P, Ferland G, Ramassamy C. Brain region-specific effects of long-term caloric restriction on redox balance of the aging rat. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 179:51-59. [PMID: 30659860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is the most effective intervention to improve health span and extend lifespan in preclinical models. This anti-aging effect of CR is related to attenuation of oxidative damage in various tissues, with divergent results in the brain. We addressed how brain oxidoreductive balance would be modulated in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats submitted to a 40% CR from 8 to 19 months of age, by reference to ad libitum-fed (AL) rats at 2 and 19 months of age. Four brain structures were compared: hippocampus, striatum, parietal cortex, cerebellum. Our CR diet elicits significant prevention of oxidative damages with the upregulation of antioxidant defenses (levels of glutathione [GSH], mRNAs of clusterin and of three key antioxidant enzymes) as compared to age-matched AL controls, in a strikingly region-specific pattern. CR also prevented a drastic rise of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus of old AL rats. Besides, the CR effects at age 19 months mainly consist in improving endogenous defenses before the onset of age-related redox alterations. These effects are more prominent in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Moyse
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of Aging, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 St-Denis Street, R Pavilion, Rm R05.436B-02, Montreal, QC, H2X0A9, Canada; Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour Unit (PRC), University of Tours, INRA Centre of Tours, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Madeleine Arsenault
- Institut Armand-Frappier, INRS, 531 Bld des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of Aging, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 St-Denis Street, R Pavilion, Rm R05.436B-02, Montreal, QC, H2X0A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Institut de cardiologie de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Institut Armand-Frappier, INRS, 531 Bld des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4L3, Canada.
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Wu YJ, Li YS, Tseng WL, Lu CY. Microextraction combined with microderivatization for drug monitoring and protein modification analysis from limited blood volume using mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7405-7414. [PMID: 30191273 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the clinic, ethosuximide is commonly used to treat generalized absence seizures but has recently been repurposed for other diseases. Because of adverse effects and drug interactions, high-throughput therapeutic drug monitoring of ethosuximide is necessary. Microextraction is a simple, effective, rapid, and low consumption of organic solvents method for sample preparation. In this study, microderivatization-increased detection (MDID)-combined microextraction was used to detect ethosuximide by mass spectrometry. Ethosuximide is a difficult to retain and ionize compound in the C18 nano-flow column and ionization interface, respectively. Hence, we developed a fast method for detecting ethosuximide in human plasma by using the MDID strategy (within 2 min). Chemical microderivatization parameters were studied and optimized to increase the sensitivity of ethosuximide detection at trace levels. The linear range for the analysis of ethosuximide in 10 μL plasma was 5-500 μg/mL with a coefficient of determination (r2) ≥ 0.995. The precision and accuracy of intraday and interday analyses of ethosuximide were below 13.0%. Furthermore, modifications of major proteins in plasma and blood cells, induced by ethosuximide, were identified. The proposed method effectively utilizes microliter samples to detect drug plasma concentrations under suitable microextraction procedures toward the eco-friendly goal of low consumption of organic solvents. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Kim IH, Lee TK, Cho JH, Lee JC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Shin BN, Chen BH, Tae HJ, Kim YH, Kim JD, Kim YM, Won MH, Kang IJ. Pre‑treatment with Chrysanthemum indicum Linné extract protects pyramidal neurons from transient cerebral ischemia via increasing antioxidants in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:133-142. [PMID: 28534982 PMCID: PMC5482094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum Linné extract (CIL) is used in herbal medicine in East Asia. In the present study, gerbils were orally pre-treated with CIL, and changes of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and SOD2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the hippocampal CA1 region following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia were investigated and the neuroprotective effect of CIL in the ischemic CA1 region was examined. SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPX immunoreactivities were observed in the pyramidal cells of the CA1 region and their immunoreactivities were gradually decreased following ischemia-reperfusion and barely detectable at 5 days post-ischemia. CIL pre-treatment significantly increased immunoreactivities of SOD1, CAT and GPX, but not SOD2, in the CA1 pyramidal cells of the sham-operated animals. In addition, SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPX immunoreactivities in the CA1 pyramidal cells were significantly higher compared with the ischemia-operated animals. Furthermore, it was identified that pre-treatment with CIL protected the CA1 pyramidal cells in the CA1 region using neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining; the protected CA1 pyramidal cells were 67.5% compared with the sham-operated animals. In conclusion, oral CIL pre-treatment increased endogenous antioxidant enzymes in CA1 pyramidal cells in the gerbil hippocampus and protected the cells from transient cerebral ischemic insult. This finding suggested that CIL is promising for the prevention of ischemia-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio‑Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Khan MZ. A possible significant role of zinc and GPR39 zinc sensing receptor in Alzheimer disease and epilepsy. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 79:263-72. [PMID: 27044837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc the essential trace element, plays a significant role in the brain development and in the proper brain functions at every stage of life. Misbalance of zinc (Zn(2+)) ions in the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Depression, and Epilepsy. In brain, Zn(2+) has been identified as a ligand, capable of activating and inhibiting the receptors including the NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs), GABAA receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), glycine receptors (glyR) and serotonin receptors (5-HT3). Recently GPR39 has been identified as a zinc-specific receptor, widely expressed in brain tissues including the frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. GPR39, when binding with Zn(2+) has shown promising therapeutic potentials. This review presents current knowledge regarding the role of GPR39 zinc sensing receptor in brain, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease and Epilepsy. Although the results are encouraging, further research is needed to clarify zinc and GPR39 role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ivanenkov YA, Veselov MS, Rezekin IG, Skvortsov DA, Sandulenko YB, Polyakova MV, Bezrukov DS, Vasilevsky SV, Kukushkin ME, Moiseeva AA, Finko AV, Koteliansky VE, Klyachko NL, Filatova LA, Beloglazkina EK, Zyk NV, Majouga AG. Synthesis, isomerization and biological activity of novel 2-selenohydantoin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:802-11. [PMID: 26780833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A set of novel selenohydantoins were synthesized via a convenient and versatile approach involving the reaction of isoselenocyanates with various amines. We also revealed an unexpected Z→E isomerization of pyridin-2-yl-substituted selenohydantoins in the presence of Cu(2+) cations. The detailed mechanism of this transformation was suggested on the basis of quantum-chemical calculations, and the key role of Cu(2+) was elucidated. The obtained compounds were subsequently evaluated against a panel of different cancer cell lines. As a result, several molecules were identified as promising micromolar hits with good selectivity index. Instead of analogous thiohydantoins, which have been synthesized previously, selenohydantoins demonstrated a relatively high antioxidant activity comparable (or greater) to the reference molecule, Ebselen, a clinically approved drug candidate. The most active compounds have been selected for further biological trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan A Ivanenkov
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, InstitutskiPereulok 9, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russian Federation.
| | - Mark S Veselov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, InstitutskiPereulok 9, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor G Rezekin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, InstitutskiPereulok 9, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy A Skvortsov
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri B Sandulenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, InstitutskiPereulok 9, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Polyakova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, InstitutskiPereulok 9, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S Bezrukov
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Vasilevsky
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim E Kukushkin
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Moiseeva
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Finko
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Victor E Koteliansky
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Lubov A Filatova
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Elena K Beloglazkina
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay V Zyk
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation.
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