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Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Liu L, Li G, Wu Y, Cui Y, Xie L. Tumor-exosomal miR-205-5p as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03647-6. [PMID: 39133387 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs play crucial roles in cancer diagnosis. Current studies aim to identify exosomal miRNAs associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) that are noninvasive, sensitive, and specific. PATIENTS AND METHODS Exosomes were extracted from CRC patients and healthy donors via ultracentrifugation, followed by verification via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qNano, and Western blot analysis. The differential expression levels and clinical characteristics of miR-205-5p were analyzed in CRC via data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess the expression levels of exosomal miRNAs in 157 primary CRC patients, 20 patients with benign diseases, and 135 healthy donors. Predictions regarding target genes were made to guide further exploration of the disease's etiopathogenesis through bioinformatics. RESULTS Compared with that in healthy donors, the expression of miR-205-5p in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients was significantly lower, as determined through analysis of the TCGA database. We conducted a prediction and analysis of the functional enrichment of downstream target genes regulated by miR-205-5p. A lower level of exosomal miR-205-5p in the serum of CRC patients than in that of healthy controls (p < 0.0001) and patients with benign disease (p < 0.0001) was observed. Furthermore, the expression levels of exosomal miR-205-5p were significantly lower in early-stage CRC patients than in the comparison groups (p<0.001 and p < 0.0001). Notably, the expression levels of exosomal miR-205-5p significantly increased postoperatively (p = 0.0053). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that serum exosomal miR-205-5p may be a diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yapeng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lisheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yawen Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, Shandong Province, China.
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Wan H, Zhong L, Xia T, Zhang D. Silencing Exosomal circ102927 Inhibits Foot Melanoma Metastasis via Regulating Invasiveness, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Apoptosis. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:825-839. [PMID: 39044746 PMCID: PMC11263183 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s460315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes contain abundant circular RNAs (circRNAs), playing an important role in intercellular communication. However, the function and underlying molecular mechanism of exosomal circRNAs in foot metastatic melanoma remain unclear. Methods Twelve differentially expressed exosomal circRNAs between patients with metastatic and primary foot melanoma were screened through high-throughput sequencing, and their expression levels were detected by the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). CircRNA102927 silencing and overexpression A2058 cell line was constructed, and the effects of circRNA102927 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell, and Western blot assays, respectively. Results Twelve differentially expressed exosomal circRNAs were screened and ROC curve showed that six circRNAs could be used as the diagnostic biomarkers for metastatic melanoma. Melanoma-secreted exosomes induced the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Treg cells. CircRNA102927 was highly expressed in metastatic melanomas. Functionally, circRNA102927 silencing inhibited proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion in metastatic melanoma cells, while promoting apoptosis. Meanwhile, overexpression of circRNA102927 had the opposite effects. Conclusion Our investigation suggests that silencing exosomal circRNA102927 may suppress foot melanoma metastasis by inhibiting invasiveness, EMT and promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pathology, Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Disease, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Sha G, Zhang W, Jiang Z, Zhao Q, Wang D, Tang D. Exosomal non-coding RNA: A new frontier in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130149. [PMID: 38365161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most fatal malignancy worldwide. Once diagnosed, most patients are already at an advanced stage because of their highly heterogeneous, drug-resistant, and metastatic nature and the lack of effective diagnostic markers. Recently, the study of proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms in pancreatic cancer and the search for useful diagnostic markers have posed significant challenges to the scientific community. Exosomes carry various biomolecules (DNA, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, and lipids) that mediate communication between tumors and other cells. ncRNAs can be transported through exosomes to numerous relevant receptor cells and regulate local epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor tissue, proliferation, drug resistance, and the establishment of pre-metastatic ecological niches in distant organs. In summary, exosomal ncRNAs promote tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through multiple EMT, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling pathways. Moreover, we discuss the significant therapeutic significance of exosomal ncRNAs as PC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyu Sha
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, China.
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, China.
| | - Daorong Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, China; Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China.
| | - Dong Tang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, China; Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China.
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4
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Gupta R, Gupta J, Roy S. Exosomes: Key Players for Treatment of Cancer and Their Future Perspectives. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:118-147. [PMID: 38407852 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Liu C, Lu C, Yixi L, Hong J, Dong F, Ruan S, Hu T, Zhao X. Exosomal Linc00969 induces trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer by increasing HER-2 protein expression and mRNA stability by binding to HUR. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:124. [PMID: 37848981 PMCID: PMC10580635 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant disease in female patients worldwide. In HER-2+ BC patients, trastuzumab therapy is associated with a better prognosis. However, many HER-2+ BC patients experience recurrence or metastasis because of trastuzumab resistance. The mechanisms underlying trastuzumab resistance remain unclear. Recently, substantial evidence has suggested that exosomes are associated with drug resistance, and lncRNAs have attracted increasing attention due to their potential role in the regulation of trastuzumab resistance. METHODS We collected the exosomes from the plasma of BC patients with and without trastuzumab resistance, sequenced the whole transcriptomes, identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, and identified lncRNA Linc00969, which was overexpressed in trastuzumab-resistant patients. Then, we established trastuzumab-resistant BC cell lines and explored the role of exosomal Linc00969 in trastuzumab resistance in vitro and in vivo by silencing or overexpressing Linc00969 and performing a series of functional analyses. Furthermore, to explore the mechanism by which exosomal Linc00969 contributes to trastuzumab resistance, we measured changes in HER-2, HUR and autophagy-related protein expression levels after regulating Linc00969 expression. In addition, we investigated the interaction between Linc00969 and HUR via pull-down and RIP assays and the effect of HUR on HER-2 expression and trastuzumab resistance after blocking HUR. RESULTS We first found that exosomal lncRNA Linc00969 was overexpressed in trastuzumab-resistant BC patients and that exosome-mediated Linc00969 transfer could disseminate trastuzumab resistance in BC. Then, we found that silencing Linc00969 could reduce trastuzumab resistance and that overexpressing Linc00969 could enhance trastuzumab resistance. Furthermore, our results showed that Linc00969 could upregulate HER-2 expression at the protein level and maintain the stability of HER-2 mRNA by binding to HUR. Additionally, we found that exosomal Linc00969 could regulate trastuzumab resistance by inducing autophagy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we first identified that exosomal lncRNA Linc00969 could induce trastuzumab resistance by increasing HER-2 protein expression and mRNA stability by binding to HUR, and Linc00969 might also be involved in trastuzumab resistance by inducing autophagy. Our results elucidate a novel mechanism underlying trastuzumab resistance, and Linc00969 might be a new target for improving the treatment of HER-2+ BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lamu Yixi
- Tibet Shannan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shannan, 856000, Tibet, China
| | - Jiaxing Hong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shengnan Ruan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Tibet Shannan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shannan, 856000, Tibet, China.
| | - Xiangwang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Yang Y, Miao L, Lu Y, Sun Y, Wang S. Exosome, the glass slipper for Cinderella of cancer-bladder cancer? J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:368. [PMID: 37805491 PMCID: PMC10560442 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm secreted by almost all cells. They have been found play crucial regulatory roles in various diseases. With the development of exosomes engineering technology, exosome-based drug delivery has also rapidly evolved. Bladder cancer is a worldwide disease with high morbidity and recurrence but lack of funding, so it is also called Cinderella. Some explorations have demonstrated that exosomes are important in the development, prognosis, diagnosis and drug delivery of bladder cancer. With the rapid development of Mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing, increasing numbers of differentially expressed molecules derived from exosomes have been found in bladder cancer. Exosomes and their contents are largely involved in bladder cancer progression, engineering of these exosomes with the targeted genes improves their potential for drug delivery of bladder cancer. Furthermore, exosomes and their contents are relate to many characteristics of bladder cancer. Herein, we briefly search 59 researches to explore the cargoes encapsuled in exosomes of bladder cancer patients. We also summarize the biogenesis, function, expression profiles, engineering approaches and biological mechanisms of exosomes and their contents for the diagnosis, prognosis and drug delivery for bladder cancer. We aim to make it clear whether exosomes are the glass slippers of Cinderella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Lintao Miao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yuchao Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
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Li S, Dong R, Kang Z, Li H, Wu X, Li T. Exosomes: Another intercellular lipometabolic communication mediators in digestive system neoplasms? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:93-100. [PMID: 37541791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Neoplasms are one of the most concerned public health problems worldwide. Digestive system neoplasms, with a high morbidity and mortality, is one of the most common malignant tumors in human being. It is found that exosomes act as an intercellular communication media to carry the metabolic and genetic information of parental cells to target cells. Likely, exosomes participate in lipid metabolism and regulates multiple processes in digestive system neoplasms, including the information transmission among cancer cells, the formation of neoplastic microenvironment, and the neoplastic biological behaviors like metastasis, invasion, and the chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we firstly introduce the main mechanisms whereas exosomes act as intercellular lipometabolic communication mediator in digestive system neoplasms. Thereafter we introduce the relationship between exosomes lipid metabolism and various type of digestive system neoplasms, including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Eventually, we summarized and prospected the development and implication of exosomes in digestive system neoplasms. The further research of exosomes as intercellular lipid metabolism mediator will contribute to accurate and efficient diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruizhi Dong
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhenhua Kang
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hucheng Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China.
| | - Xueliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; Tumor Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Qin S, Cao J, Ma X. Function and clinical application of exosome-how to improve tumor immunotherapy? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1228624. [PMID: 37670933 PMCID: PMC10476872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1228624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has been increasingly used in clinical practice to treat tumors. However, immunotherapy's efficacy varies between tumor types and patient populations, and long-term drug resistance often occurs during treatment. Therefore, it is essential to explore the molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy to improve its efficacy. In this review, we focus on the significance of tumor-derived exosomes in the clinical treatment of tumors and how modifying these exosomes may enhance immune effectiveness. Specifically, we discuss exosome components, such as RNA, lipids, and proteins, and the role of membrane molecules on exosome surfaces. Additionally, we highlight the importance of engineered exosomes for tumor immunotherapy. Our goal is to propose new strategies to improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jilong Cao
- Party Affairs and Administration Office, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jacopo M. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:2. [PMID: 36622461 PMCID: PMC9827022 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing exocytosis; exosomes and ectosomes, with their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently many mechanisms and proteins of these solid forms have been shown to depend on UPS. An additional function of UPS is the regulation of diseases, often investigated separately from each other. In the present review, upon short presentation of UPS in healthy cells and organs, interest is focused on the mechanisms and development of diseases. The first reported are neurodegenerations, characterized by distinct properties. Additional diseases, including inflammasomes, inflammatory responses, glial effects and other diseases of various origin, are governed by proteins generated, directly or alternatively, by UPS. The diseases most intensely affected by UPS are various types of cancer, activated in most important processes: growth, proliferation and invasion, relapse, metastatic colonization, vascular leakiness, immunomodulation, chemoresistence. The therapy role of UPS diseases depends largely on exosomes. In addition to affecting neurodegenerative diseases, its special aim is the increased protection against cancer. Its immense relevance is due to intrinsic features, including low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, stability, and crossing of biological barriers. Exosomes, loaded with factors for pharmacological actions and target cell sensitivity, induce protection against various specific cancers. Further expansion of disease therapies is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meldolesi Jacopo
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy ,CNR Institute of Neuroscience at the Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
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Yue J, Chen ZS, Xu XX, Li S. Functions and therapeutic potentials of exosomes in osteosarcoma. ACTA MATERIA MEDICA 2022; 1:552-562. [PMID: 36710945 PMCID: PMC9879305 DOI: 10.15212/amm-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor of the skeleton with the morbidity of 2.5 in 1 million. The regularly on-set is in the epiphysis of the extremities with a high possibility of early metastasis, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. The survival rate of patients with metastatic or recurrent osteosarcoma remains low, and novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles 30-150 nm in diameter secreted by various cells that are widely present in various body fluids. Exosomes are abundant in biologically active components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Exosomes participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes via intercellular substance exchange and signaling. This review presents the novel findings of exosomes in osteosarcoma in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, PR China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY,United States
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, PR China
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11
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Gao X, Gao B, Li S. Extracellular vesicles: A new diagnostic biomarker and targeted drug in osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002742. [PMID: 36211364 PMCID: PMC9539319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer that is highly prevalent among adolescents and adults below the age of 20 years. The prognostic outcome of metastatic OS or relapse is extremely poor; thus, developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating OS is necessary. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 30–150 nm in diameter are commonly produced in different cells and are found in various types of body fluids. EVs are rich in biologically active components like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They also strongly affect pathophysiological processes by modulating the intercellular signaling pathways and the exchange of biomolecules. Many studies have found that EVs influence the occurrence, development, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The regulation of inflammatory communication pathways by EVs affects OS and other bone-related pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings related to diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and the development of treatment strategies for OS from the perspective of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shenglong Li, ;
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Xue D, Han J, Liang Z, Jia L, Liu Y, Tuo H, Peng Y. Current Perspectives on the Unique Roles of Exosomes in Drug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:99-112. [PMID: 35211428 PMCID: PMC8863332 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s351038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common malignant tumor worldwide, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfactory, even though treatment methods have improved. Despite the developments in traditional chemotherapy and emerging targeted immunotherapy, the problem of recurrence and metastasis of HCC and adverse effects on survival and prognosis are still serious. Drug resistance is a daunting challenge that impedes HCC treatment. Exosomes, a class of extracellular vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 100 nm, have been the focus of recent studies. Exosomes can activate various signaling pathways and regulate the tumor microenvironment with their cargo, which includes functional lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Thus, they change the phenotype of recipient cells via exosome-mediated communication. Exosomes secreted by tumors or stromal cells can also transfer drug-resistant traits to other tumor cells. However, their effects on drug resistance in HCC are not completely understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss the underlying relationship between exosomes and drug resistance in HCC. In addition, we also show that exosomes may act as candidate biomarkers for predicting and monitoring drug responses and as potential targets or vectors to reverse the drug resistance of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingzhao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Tuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yanhui Peng, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-311-859 8321, Email
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Immunotherapy Using Oxygenated Water and Tumor-Derived Exosomes Potentiates Antitumor Immune Response and Attenuates Malignancy Tendency in Mice Model of Breast Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5529484. [PMID: 34194604 PMCID: PMC8181112 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common type of tumor and the leading cause of death in the world's female population. Various therapeutic approaches have been used to treat tumors but have not led to complete recovery and have even damaged normal cells in the body. Moreover, metastatic tumors such as breast cancer are much more resistant to treatment, and current treatments have not been very successful in treating them and remain a challenge. Therefore, new approaches should be applied to overcome this problem. Given the importance of hypoxia in tumor survival, we aimed to test the antitumor effects of oxygenated water to decrease hypoxia along with tumor-derived exosomes to target tumor. The purpose of administering oxygenated water and tumor exosomes was to reduce hypoxia and establish an effective immune response against tumor antigens, respectively. For this purpose, the breast cancer mice model was induced using the 4T1 cell line in Balb/c mice and treated with oxygenated water via an intratumoral (IT) and/or intraperitoneal (IP) route and/or exosome (TEX). Oxygenation via the IT+IP route was more efficient than oxygenation via the IT or IP route. The efficiency of oxygenation via the two routes along with TEX led to the best therapeutic outcome. Antitumor immune responses directed by TEX became optimized when systemic (IP) and local (IT) oxygenation was applied compared to administration of TEX alone. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor size and the highest levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 and the lowest levels of IL-4 FoxP3, HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the IT+IP+TEX-treated group. Oxygenated water on the one hand could reduce tumor size, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment and on the other hand increases the effective immune response against the tumor systemically. This therapeutic approach is proposed as a new strategy for devising vaccines in a personalized approach.
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Xue D, Han J, Liu Y, Tuo H, Peng Y. Current perspectives on exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (review). Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:279-290. [PMID: 33847207 PMCID: PMC8183537 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1898728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant tumor, is poor. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the major challenges for the treatment of HCC. Various studies have demonstrated that exosomes, which are loaded with various biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins are involved in the recurrence and metastasis of HCC. Additionally, exosomes mediate various biological processes, such as immune response, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombosis, autophagy, and intercellular signal transduction. In cancer, exosomes regulate cancer cell differentiation, development, and drug resistance. Circular RNAs, microRNAs, and proteins in the exosomes can serve as early diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC. As exosomes are characterized by low immunogenicity and high stability in the tissues and circulation, they can be used to deliver the drugs in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Hongfang Tuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
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15
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Golubovskaya V, Bukrinsky MI, Grizzi F. Editorial On "Exosomes, Their Biogenesis and Role in Inter-Cellular Communication, Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy". Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030421. [PMID: 32731435 PMCID: PMC7563788 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael I Bukrinsky
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Ross Hall 624, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-8224-5262 or +39-392-853-2436
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16
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Liu D, Li X. Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles: Perspectives and Challenges. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:329. [PMID: 32614741 DOI: 10.2174/138920022105200701160418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dali Liu
- Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Xiangkai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
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