1
|
Jo HG, Baek CY, Lee J, Hwang Y, Baek E, Hwang JH, Lee D. Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Functional Improvement, and Chondroprotective Effects of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. Extract in Osteoarthritis: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1035. [PMID: 38613068 PMCID: PMC11013172 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone disease characterized by inflammation as a primary pathology and currently lacks therapeutic interventions to impede its progression. Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. (EB) is an east Asian herbal medicine with a long history of use and a wide range of confirmed efficacy against cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether EB is worthy of further investigation as a treatment for OA based on anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to assess the potential of EB as a treatment for OA, focusing on its anti-inflammatory properties. Analgesic effects, functional improvements, and inhibition of cartilage destruction induced by EB were evaluated in acetic acid-induced peripheral pain mice and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rat models. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of EB was assessed in serum and cartilage tissue in vivo, as well as in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. EB demonstrated a significant alleviation of pain, functional impairment, and cartilage degradation in OA along with a notable inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinases 13, and nitric oxide synthase 2, both in vitro and in vivo, in a dose-dependent manner compared to the active control. Accordingly, EB merits further exploration as a potential disease-modifying drug for OA, capable of mitigating the multifaceted pathology of osteoarthritis through its anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, additional validation through a broader experimental design is essential to substantiate the findings of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Geun Jo
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.)
- Naturalis Inc., 6, Daewangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13549, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Yun Baek
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.)
| | - JunI Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.)
| | - Yeseul Hwang
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.)
| | - Eunhye Baek
- RexSoft Inc., 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Hwang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Yu Y, Guo J, Zhang Y, Huang L. Rapid and Efficient Optimization Method for a Genetic Transformation System of Medicinal Plants Erigeron breviscapus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065611. [PMID: 36982685 PMCID: PMC10058539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Erigeron breviscapus is an important medicinal plant with high medicinal and economic value. It is currently the best natural biological drug for the treatment of obliterative cerebrovascular disease and the sequela of cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, to solve the contradiction between supply and demand, the study of genetic transformation of E. breviscapus is essential for targeted breeding. However, establishing an efficient genetic transformation system is a lengthy process. In this study, we established a rapid and efficient optimized protocol for genetic transformation of E. breviscapus using the hybrid orthogonal method. The effect of different concentrations of selection pressure (Hygromycin B) on callus induction and the optimal pre-culture time of 7 days were demonstrated. The optimal transformation conditions were as follows: precipitant agents MgCl2 + PEG, target tissue distance 9 cm, helium pressure 650 psi, bombardment once, plasmid DNA concentration 1.0 μg·μL−1, and chamber vacuum pressure 27 mmHg. Integration of the desired genes was verified by amplifying 1.02 kb of htp gene from the T0 transgenic line. Genetic transformation of E. breviscapus was carried out by particle bombardment under the optimized conditions, and a stable transformation efficiency of 36.7% was achieved. This method will also contribute to improving the genetic transformation rate of other medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Yifan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.Z.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6408-7469
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu S, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Cai Y. Advances in Anti-Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Effect of Erigeron Breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand-Mazz. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010050. [PMID: 36678547 PMCID: PMC9867432 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is the decline in memory, learning, and executive function caused by diabetes. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, molecular biologists have proposed various hypotheses, including insulin resistance, amyloid β hypothesis, tau protein hyperphosphorylation hypothesis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. DCD patients have no particular treatment options and current pharmacological regimens are suboptimal. In recent years, Chinese medicine research has shown that herbs with multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target synergistic activities can prevent and treat DCD. Yunnan is home to the medicinal herb Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. (EBHM). Studies have shown that EBHM and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects and applications in cognitive disorders. EBHM's anti-DCD properties have been seldom reviewed. Through a literature study, we were able to evaluate the likely pathophysiology of DCD, prescribe anti-DCD medication and better grasp EBHM's therapeutic potential. EBHM's pharmacological mechanism and active components for DCD treatment were also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanye Gu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-3133-3842
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng M, Sun J, Peng L, Huang Y, Jiang W, Wu S, Zhou L, Chung SK, Cheng X. Scutellarin acts on the AR-NOX axis to remediate oxidative stress injury in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154214. [PMID: 35689902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Studies have confirmedthat scutellarin has antioxidant effects against ischemic injury, and we also reported that the involvement of Aldose reductase (AR) in oxidative stress and cerebral ischemic injury, in this study we furtherly explicit whether the antioxidant effect of scutellarin on cerebral ischemia injury is related to AR gene regulation and its specific mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6N mice (Wild-type, WT) and AR knockout (AR-/-) mice suffered from transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) injury (1 h occlusion followed by 3 days reperfusion), and scutellarin was administered from 2 h before surgery to 3 days after surgery. Subsequently, neurological function was assessed by the modified Longa score method, the histopathological morphology observed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to detect the levels of ROS, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the ischemic penumbra regions. Quantitative proteomics profiling using quantitative nano-HPLC-MS/MS were performed to compare the protein expression difference between AR-/- and WT mice with or without tMCAO injury. The expression of AR, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4) in the ipsilateral side of ischemic brain were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence co-staining with NeuN. RESULTS Scutellarin treatment alleviated brain damage in tMCAO stroke model such as improved neurological function deficit, brain infarct area and neuronal injury and reduced the expression of oxidation-related products, moreover, also down-regulated tMCAO induced AR mRNA and protein expression. In addition, the therapeutic effect of scutellarin on the reduction of cerebral infarction area and neurological function deficits abolished in AR-/- mice under ischemia cerebral injury, which indicated that the effect of scutellarin treatment on tMCAO injury is through regulating AR gene. Proteomic analysis of AR-/- and WT mice indicated AR knockout would affect oxidation reaction even as NADPH related process and activity in mice under cerebral ischemia conditions. Moreover, NOX isoforms (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4) mRNA and protein expression were significant decreased in neurons of penumbra region in AR-/- mice compared with that in WT mice at 3d after tMCAO injury, which indicated that AR should be the upstream protein regulating NOX after cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSIONS We first reported that AR directly regulates NOX subtypes (not only NOX2 but also NOX1 and NOX4) after cerebral ischaemic injury. Scutellarin specifically targets the AR-NOX axis and has antioxidant effects in mice with cerebral ischaemic injury, providing a theoretical basis and accurate molecular targets for the clinical application of scutellarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilin Peng
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong X, Qu S. Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz.: A Promising Natural Neuroprotective Agent for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:877872. [PMID: 35559239 PMCID: PMC9086453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.877872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory loss in the elderly, which seriously affects the quality of their lives. Currently, the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. Molecular biologists have proposed a variety of hypotheses, including the amyloid-β hypothesis, tau hyperphosphorylation hypothesis, cholinergic neuron injury, inflammation caused by an abnormal immune response, and gene mutation. Drugs based on these pathological studies, including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, have achieved a certain level of efficacy but are far from meeting clinical needs. In the recent years, some important advances have been made in the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of AD. Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. (EBHM) is an important medicinal plant distributed in Yunnan Province, China. Studies have shown that EBHM and its active ingredients have a variety of pharmacological effects with good therapeutic effects and wide application prospects for cognitive disability-related diseases. However, to our best knowledge, only few review articles have been published on the anti-AD effects of EBHM. Through a literature review, we identified the possible pathogenesis of AD, discussed the cultivation and phytochemistry of EBHM, and summarized the pharmacological mechanism of EBHM and its active ingredients in the treatment of AD to provide suggestions regarding anti-AD therapy as well as a broader insight into the therapeutic potential of EBHM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengtao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han T, Zhang S, Wei R, Jia G, Wang B, Xu Q, Su J, Jiang C, Jin C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of scutellarein derivatives as neuroprotective agents via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Fitoterapia 2022; 160:105207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Han T, Jiang C, Wei X, Sheng M, Xie Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jin C. Design, synthesis of amide derivatives of scutellarin and their antileukemia and neuroprotective activities. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Treatment of Glaucoma with Natural Products and Their Mechanism of Action: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030534. [PMID: 35276895 PMCID: PMC8840399 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. It is generally caused by increased intraocular pressure, which results in damage of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, ultimately leading to visual field dysfunction. However, even with the use of intraocular pressure-lowering eye drops, the disease still progresses in some patients. In addition to mechanical and vascular dysfunctions of the eye, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Hence, the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may represent an alternative approach for glaucoma treatment. The present review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies on various natural products shown to possess neuroprotective properties for retinal ganglion cells, which thereby may be effective in the treatment of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure can be reduced by baicalein, forskolin, marijuana, ginsenoside, resveratrol and hesperidin. Alternatively, Ginkgo biloba, Lycium barbarum, Diospyros kaki, Tripterygium wilfordii, saffron, curcumin, caffeine, anthocyanin, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins B3 and D have shown neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells via various mechanisms, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanisms. Extensive studies are still required in the future to ensure natural products' efficacy and safety to serve as an alternative therapy for glaucoma.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu H, Ji Z, Qiang X, Liu S, Sheng X, Chen Z, Liu F, Wang H, Zhang J. Chinese Medical Injections for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Network Meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:3363-3386. [PMID: 34949918 PMCID: PMC8691136 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s335579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization has indicated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may become the third leading cause of death by 2030. Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is an important process in clinical treatment. Recent studies have shown that Chinese medical injections (CMI) are effective against AECOPD, but the effective difference among different CMIs remains unclear. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare the therapeutic effect of various CMIs. METHODS We conducted an overall, systematic literature search in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CMIs for AECOPD published up to January 2021. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Stata 13.1 and WinBUGS 14.3 were used for data analyses. RESULTS In total, 103 RCTs involving 8767 participants and 23 CMIs were included. The results indicated that among all treatments conventional Western medical therapy (WM) plus Dengzhanxixin injection (DZXX) led to the best improvement in the clinical efficacy and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC), with surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA)=80.47% and 98.55%, respectively. Moreover, Shenmai injection (SM) plus WM and Reduning injection (RDN) plus WM led to the best improvement in the FEV1 (SUCRA=80.18%) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to the predicted value (FEV1%, SUCRA=87.28%). Shengmai injection (SGM) plus WM led to the most considerable shortening in the length of hospital stay (SUCRA=94.70%). Cluster analysis revealed that WM+DZXX had the most favorable response for clinical efficacy and FEV1, as well as clinical efficacy and FEV1/FVC, WM+RDN had the most favorable response for clinical efficacy and FEV1%, WM+SGM had the most favorable response for clinical efficacy and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION WM+DZXX, WM+RDN, and WM+SGM were noted to be the optimum treatment regimens for improving in clinical efficacy, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEV1% and reducing the hospital stay length of AECOPD patients. Considering the limitations this NMA may have, the current results warrant further verification via additional high-quality studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyin Hu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaochen Ji
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shigang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodi Sheng
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanqi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang SQ, Chen F. Absorption, Disposition and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Novel Therapeutic Modalities (Part II). Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:3-4. [PMID: 33769235 DOI: 10.2174/138920022201210302091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Qing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Rd, Gulou District, Nanjing 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|