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Chakraborty A, Mukherjee S, Santra I, Dey D, Mukherjee S, Ghosh B. Secondary metabolite fingerprinting, anti-pathogenic activity, elite chemotype selection and conservation of Curcuma caesia- an ethnomedicinally underutilized species. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:155. [PMID: 38766325 PMCID: PMC11096293 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcuma caesia Roxb. is an ethnomedicinally important, essential oil (EO) yielding aromatic plant. A total of twelve accessions of this plant rhizome were collected from six different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, India and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against eight disease-causing, multi-drug-resistant pathogenic strains of urinary-tract infection and respiratory-tract infection. The EO and extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity, with the highest inhibition zone of 18.00 ± 0.08 and 17.50 ± 0.14 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae by accession 06, even where all the broad-spectrum antibiotics failed to respond. In this study, we employed high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to quantify curcumin, the primary secondary metabolite of C. caesia, and the highest 0.228 mg/gm of curcumin resulted from accession 06. Hence, on the basis of all aspects, accession 06 was identified as the elite chemotype among all twelve accessions. The chemical profiling of EO from accession 06 was done using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Conceivably, about 13 medicinally significant compounds were detected. As this plant species is seasonal and has difficulties in conventional breeding due to dormancy, it must be conserved through in vitro tissue culture for a steady supply throughout the year in massive amounts for agricultural demand. A maximum number of 19.28 ± 0.37 shoots has been obtained in MS medium fortified with 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin, and Naphthalene acetic acid. The genetic uniformity of the plants has been studied through Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism. Therefore, this study must help meet the need for essential phytoactive compounds through a simple, validated, and reproducible plant tissue culture protocol throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Chakraborty
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
| | - Suproteem Mukherjee
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
| | - Indranil Santra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
| | - Diganta Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Private Limited, Kolkata, 700068 India
| | - Swapna Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Garia, Kolkata, 700084 India
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
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Cherepanova MO, Subotyalov MA. Component Composition and Biological Activity of Oleo-Gum Resin from Boswellia serrata (Burseraceae). DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 512:336-342. [PMID: 38087024 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes the published data on identification of biologically active compounds (BACs) and the pharmacological potential of various components of oleo-gum resin from the Indian frankincense Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Boswellia oleo-gum resin contains a wide range of BACs from the classes of mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated their anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. Boswellic acids (BAs), which belong to the tetra- and pentacyclic triterpenoid classes, showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. The frankincense resin is traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and can provide a promising source to design drugs effective in treating musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Cherepanova
- Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Subotyalov
- Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Canli K, Turu D, Benek A, Bozyel ME, Simsek Ö, Altuner EM. Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties as well as Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Allium scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae (Vved.) Stearn. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4970-4984. [PMID: 37367065 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of Allium scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae (Vved.) Stearn were investigated for the first time, focusing on its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm properties. A GC-MS analysis was employed to evaluate the composition of its secondary metabolites, identifying linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and octadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester as the major compounds in ethanol extract. The antimicrobial activity of A. scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae was assessed against 26 strains, including standard, food isolate, clinical isolate, and multidrug-resistant ones, as well as three Candida species using the disc diffusion method and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The extract showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains, as well as Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata. Its antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH method, revealing a high level of antioxidant activity in the plant. Additionally, the antibiofilm activity of A. scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae was determined, demonstrating a reduction in biofilm formation for the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain and an increase in biofilm formation for the other tested strains. The findings suggest potential applications of A. scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae in the development of novel antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Canli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
- Fauna and Flora Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Dilay Turu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Atakan Benek
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Eray Bozyel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Özcan Simsek
- Department of Forestry, Yenice Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17950, Turkey
| | - Ergin Murat Altuner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey
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Anyamele T, Onwuegbuchu PN, Ugbogu EA, Ibe C. Phytochemical composition, bioactive properties, and toxicological profile of Tetrapleura tetraptera. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106288. [PMID: 36470194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants has gained renewed wide popularity in Africa, Asia, and most parts of the world because of the decreasing efficacy of synthetic drugs. Thus, natural products serve as a potent source of alternative remedy. Tetrapleura tetraptera is a medicinal plant with cultural and traditional significance in West Africa. In addition to the plant being commonly used as a spice in the preparation of traditional spicy food for postpartum care it is also widely used to constitute herbal concoctions and decoctions for treatment of diseases. This review aimed to provide an up-to-date information on the ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacological activities and phytoconstituents of T. tetraptera. Preclinical studies regarding the plant's toxicity profile were also reviewed. For this updated review, literature search was done on PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, and Google Scholar databases using the relevant keywords. The review used a total of 106 papers that met the inclusion criteria from January 1989 - February 2022 and summarised the bioactivities that have been reported for the rich phytoconstituents of T. tetraptera studied using various chemical methods. Considering the huge report, the review focused on the antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities of the plant extracts and isolated compounds. Aridan, aridanin and several bioactive compounds of T. tetraptera have shown pharmacological activities though their mechanisms of action are yet to be fully understood. This study also highlighted the influence of plant parts and extraction solvents on its biological activities. It also presented data on the toxicological profile of the plant extracts using different models. From cultural uses to modern pharmacological research the bioactive compounds of T. tetraptera have proved effective in infectious disease management. We hope that this paper provided a robust summary of the biological activities and toxicological profile of T. tetraptera, thus calling for more research into the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic activities of natural products to help combat the growing threat of drug resistance and provide guidelines for their ethnomedicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThankGod Anyamele
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
| | | | - Eziuche Amadike Ugbogu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Ibe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.
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Begum T, Gogoi R, Sarma N, Pandey SK, Lal M. Novel ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate rich Kaempferia galanga (L.) essential oil and its pharmacological applications: special emphasis on anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, α-amylase inhibitory, and genotoxic efficiencies. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14606. [PMID: 36643622 PMCID: PMC9835694 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kaempferia galanga (L.) is one of the prospective therapeutic plants with an aromatic rhizome, and belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. This herb is commonly used by local practitioners in traditional Asian medicine. Methods In the present investigation, the novel Kaempferia galanga rhizome essential oil rich in ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate (EMCKG) was evaluated using GC/MS for chemical composition analysis. EMCKG was analyzed for its possible antimicrobial, neurodegenerative inhibitory, acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities as well as for the genotoxic effects using the standard methodologies. ANOVA and post hoc was performed to test the statistical significance of the study. Results GC/MS analysis identified ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate as the major component of EMCKG essential oil with an area percentage of 66.39%. The EMCKG exhibited moderate (DPPH assay IC50 = 15.64 ± 0.263 µg/mL; ABTS assay IC50 = 16.93 ± 0.228 µg/mL) antioxidant activity than standard ascorbic acid (DPPH assay IC50 = 21.24 ± 0.413 µg/mL; ABTS assay IC50 = 21.156 ± 0.345 µg/mL). Similarly, EMCKG showed comparable activity in albumin denaturation (IC50 = 2.93 ± 0.59 µg/mL) and protease inhibitor assay (IC50 = 17.143 ± 0.506 µg/mL) to that of standard sodium diclofenac (IC50 = 23.87 ± 0.729 µg/mL and IC50 = 19.18 ± 0.271 µg/mL, respectively). The EMCKG exhibited a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity pattern with the highest inhibitory activity at 500 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and considerable anticholinesterase activities (IC50 = 21.94 ± 0.109 µg/mL) compared to the standard galanthamine (IC50 = 27.18 ± 0.511 µg/mL). EMCKG also showed strong anti-diabetic activity (IC50 = 18.503 ± 0.480 µg/mL) and anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 14.756 ± 0.325 µg/mL) as compared to the standards used (acarbose IC50 = 20.39 ± 0.231 µg/mL and kojic acid IC50 = 17.73 ± 0.192 µg/mL) in the study. Genotoxicity analysis of EMCKG revealed that at 1 µg/mL concentration has no toxic effects in mitosis of Allium cepa roots (Mitotic Index MI = 13.56% and chromosomal aberration CA = 07.60%). The ANOVA confirmed that except for the anticholinesterase activity, there is insignificant difference for essential oil and standards used for all the other bioactivities thus confirming their interchangeable applicability. Conclusions Current research provides the basis for the fact that besides being a rich source of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, EMCKG has the potential for future formulation and development of an inexpensive skin-care agent and for the preparation of anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twahira Begum
- Agrotechnology & Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roktim Gogoi
- Agrotechnology & Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelav Sarma
- Agrotechnology & Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudin Kumar Pandey
- Agrotechnology & Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Agrotechnology & Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
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Zayed A, Sobeh M, Farag MA. Dissecting dietary and semisynthetic volatile phenylpropenes: A compile of their distribution, food properties, health effects, metabolism and toxicities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11105-11124. [PMID: 35708064 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropenes represent a major subclass of plant volatiles, including eugenol, and (E)-anethole. They contribute to the flavor and aroma of many chief herbs and spices, to exert distinct notes in food, i.e., spicy anise- and clove-like to fruit. Asides from their culinary use, they appear to exert general health effects, whereas some effects are specific, e.g., eugenol being a natural local anesthetic. This review represents the most comprehensive overview of phenylpropenes with respect to their chemical structures, different health effects, and their food applications as flavor and food preservatives. Side effects and toxicities of these compounds represent the second main part of this review, as some were reported for certain metabolites generated inside the body. Several metabolic reactions mediating for phenylpropenes metabolism in rodents via cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes are presented being involved in their toxicities. Such effects can be lessened by influencing their pharmacokinetics through a matrix-derived combination effect via administration of herbal extracts containing SULT inhibitors, i.e., nevadensin in sweet basil. Moreover, structural modification of phenylpropanes appears to improve their effects and broaden their applications. Hence, such review capitalizing on phenylpropenes can help optimize their applications in nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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M. LE, S. H. Biomedical applications of novel green AgNPs synthesized from endophytic bacteria Cronobacter sakazakii. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2078367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Love Edet M.
- School of Life Sciences, B. S Abdul Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Hemalatha S.
- School of Life Sciences, B. S Abdul Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Diallo A, Tine Y, Sène M, Diagne M, Diop A, Ngom S, Ndoye I, Boye CSB, Sy GY, Costa J, Wélé A, Paolini J. The essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendra L. (Myrtaceae) from Fatick (Senegal) as a source of methyleugenol. Composition, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2067254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alioune Diallo
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 SPE, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Yoro Tine
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 SPE, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Madièye Sène
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Pharmacodynamie, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Diagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Diop
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Saliou Ngom
- Centre pour le Développement de l’Horticulture (CDH), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Idrissa Ndoye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | | | - Guata Yoro Sy
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Pharmacodynamie, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Jean Costa
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 SPE, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France
| | - Alassane Wélé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Julien Paolini
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 SPE, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France
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Anti-Diabetes, Anti-Gout, and Anti-Leukemia Properties of Essential Oils from Natural Spices Clausena indica, Zanthoxylum rhetsa, and Michelia tonkinensis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030774. [PMID: 35164038 PMCID: PMC8840550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) of Clausena indica fruits, Zanthoxylum rhetsa fruits, and Michelia tonkinensis seeds were analyzed for their phytochemical profiles and biological activities, including anti-diabetes, anti-gout, and anti-leukemia properties. Sixty-six volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), in which, myristicin (68.3%), limonene (44.2%), and linalool (49.3%) were the most prominent components of EOs extracted from C. indica, Z. rhetsa, and M. tonkinensis, respectively. In addition, only EOs from C. indica inhibited the activities of all tested enzymes comprising α-amylase (IC50 = 7.73 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.84 mg/mL), and xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 0.88 mg/mL), which are related to type 2 diabetes and gout. Remarkably, all EOs from C. indica, Z. rhetsa (IC50 = 0.73 mg/mL), and M. tonkinensis (IC50 = 1.46 mg/mL) showed a stronger anti-α-glucosidase ability than acarbose (IC50 = 2.69 mg/mL), a known anti-diabetic agent. Moreover, the growth of leukemia cell Meg-01 was significantly suppressed by all EOs, of which, the IC50 values were recorded as 0.32, 0.64, and 0.31 mg/mL for EOs from C. indica, Z. rhetsa, and M. tonkinensis, respectively. As it stands, this is the first report about the inhibitory effects of EOs from C. indica and Z. rhetsa fruits, and M. tonkinensis seeds on the human leukemia cell line Meg-01 and key enzymes linked to diabetes and gout. In conclusion, the present study suggests that EOs from these natural spices may be promising candidates for pharmaceutical industries to develop nature-based drugs to treat diabetes mellitus or gout, as well as malignant hematological diseases such as leukemia.
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Anemopsis californica Attenuates Photoaging by Regulating MAPK, NRF2, and NFATc1 Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121882. [PMID: 34942986 PMCID: PMC8698643 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure of the skin to solar radiation causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which accelerates collagen degradation. This contributes to the formation of wrinkles and dark spots, skin fragility, and even skin cancer. In this study, Anemopsis californica (AC), a herb from North America that is well known for treating microorganism infection and promoting wound healing, was investigated for its photoprotective effects. The biological effects of AC were studied on two in vitro models, namely, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages and ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated dermal fibroblasts, to characterize its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that AC decreased the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators in sensitized macrophages, including cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Moreover, AC alleviated UVB-induced photoaging in dermal fibroblasts by restoring procollagen synthesis. This resulted from the regulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) by AC, which was mediated by the activation of the antioxidative system nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). AC also alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and interfering with the nuclear translocation of the immune regulator nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1). In conclusion, the protective effects of AC on skin cellular components suggested that it has the potential for use in the development of drugs and cosmetics that protect the skin from UVB-induced chronic inflammation and aging.
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Valarezo E, Morocho V, Cartuche L, Chamba-Granda F, Correa-Conza M, Jaramillo-Fierro X, Meneses MA. Variability of the Chemical Composition and Bioactivity between the Essential Oils Isolated from Male and Female Specimens of Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154613. [PMID: 34361766 PMCID: PMC8347853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. is a native species of Ecuador used in traditional medicine for treatment of rheumatism, bronchitis, cold, cough, asthma, bone pain, and stomach pain. In this study, fresh H. racemosum leaves of male and female specimens were collected and subjected to hydrodistillation for the extraction of the essential oil. The chemical composition of male and female essential oil was determined by gas chromatography–gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and coupled to a mass spectrometer using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column. The antibacterial activity was assayed against five Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria, and two dermatophytes fungi. The scavenging radical properties of the essential oil were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify forty-three compounds that represent more than 98% of the total composition. In the non-polar and polar column, α-phellandrene was the principal constituent in male (28.24 and 25.90%) and female (26.47 and 23.90%) essential oil. Other main compounds were methyl chavicol, germacrene D, methyl eugenol, and α-pinene. Female essential oil presented a strong activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 μg/mL and a scavenging capacity SC50 of 800 µg/mL.
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Dang HNP, Quirino JP. Analytical Separation of Carcinogenic and Genotoxic Alkenylbenzenes in Foods and Related Products (2010-2020). Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060387. [PMID: 34071244 PMCID: PMC8228529 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkenylbenzenes are potentially toxic (genotoxic and carcinogenic) compounds present in plants such as basil, tarragon, anise star and lemongrass. These plants are found in various edible consumer products, e.g., popularly used to flavour food. Thus, there are concerns about the possible health consequences upon increased exposure to alkenylbenzenes especially due to food intake. It is therefore important to constantly monitor the amounts of alkenylbenzenes in our food chain. A major challenge in the determination of alkenylbenzenes in foods is the complexity of the sample matrices and the typically low amounts of alkenylbenzenes present. This review will therefore discuss the background and importance of analytical separation methods from papers reported from 2010 to 2020 for the determination of alkenylbenzenes in foods and related products. The separation techniques commonly used were gas and liquid chromatography (LC). The sample preparation techniques used in conjunction with the separation techniques were various variants of extraction (solvent extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction, solid phase extraction) and distillation (steam and hydro-). Detection was by flame ionisation and mass spectrometry (MS) in gas chromatography (GC) while in liquid chromatography was mainly by spectrophotometry.
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Gogoi R, Begum T, Sarma N, Kumar Pandey S, Lal M. Chemical composition of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels aerial part essential oil and its pharmacological applications, neurodegenerative inhibitory, and genotoxic efficiencies. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13767. [PMID: 34028046 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Callistemon citrinus aerial part essential oil (CCEO) was analyzed for chemical compositions using GC/MS. Pharmacological activities such as neurodegenerative inhibitory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and acetylcholinesterase activities were evaluated using the standard methodologies. Genotoxicity was investigated using Allium cepa assay. GC/MS analysis identified 27 compounds; eucalyptol (55.40%) was the major component. Radical scavenging activity showed IC50 value of 16.71 μg/mL. Protein denaturation assay showed IC50 value of 21.19 μg/mL and 19.53μg/mL in protease inhibitor activity. MIC assay revealed antimicrobial potential of CCEO against microbial strains B. cereus at 2.00 mg/mL, S. typhimurium at 4.50 mg/mL, S. mutans at 2.50 mg/mL, C. albicans at 4.00 mg/mL, and S. cerevisiae at 4.50 mg/mL concentrations. Mitotic index value (MI) of CCEO showed negligible genotoxicity with MI 17.25% close to distilled water 18.22%. Acetylcholinesterase strong inhibitory activity of CCEO was observed from IC50 = 6.335 μg/mL. CCEO could be a cheap and easy source for the extraction of the pure compound eucalyptol and possess various biological activities which increase its pharmacological value as well as its applicability in the field of flavor and fragrance industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Eucalyptol is the major component of many pharmaceutical and food/flavor industries. The present investigation provides a new source for the isolation of pure compound eucalyptol in cost-effective way. Additionally, the essential oil could also be used for the pharmaceutical formulation of antioxidant, inflammation inhibitory, and neurodegenerative inhibitory drug preparation under the safety range concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roktim Gogoi
- Medicinal Aromatic and Economic Plants Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Twahira Begum
- Medicinal Aromatic and Economic Plants Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelav Sarma
- Medicinal Aromatic and Economic Plants Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudin Kumar Pandey
- Medicinal Aromatic and Economic Plants Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Medicinal Aromatic and Economic Plants Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India
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14
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Guerrini A, Sacchetti G, Echeverria Guevara MP, Paganetto G, Grandini A, Maresca I, Menghini L, Di Martino L, Marengo A, Tacchini M. Wild Italian Hyssopus officinalis subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman: From Morphological and Phytochemical Evidences to Biological Activities. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040631. [PMID: 33810509 PMCID: PMC8065824 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three specimens of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus were collected in three areas of the Abruzzo region (Italy) and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic observation to support their botanical identification. The essential oils (EOs) obtained from the aerial parts of the samples were characterized with the object to define their phytochemical and pharmaceutical biology profile. They highlight three different chemotypes, including one never seen in previous literature (CIV17-EO, distilled from sample harvested in 2017 at Civitaretenga), that showed a fingerprinting with the predominance of (-)-limonen-10-yl-acetate (67.9%). In 2017 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reported the genotoxicity of similar compounds, therefore, to dismiss any safety concern for the CIV17-EO use as flavouring substance, the Ames test was performed with no evidence of mutagenic activity. Safety of use coupled with chemical characterization of this new chemotype set the stage for a better standardization of H. officinalis EOs. The ethanolic extracts, on the other hand, with qualitatively similar chemical profiles in which caftaric, chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid were the main molecules, showed interesting antioxidant activity and a slight cytotoxicity towards the A549 cell line that could indicate a starting point for the evaluation of an additional preventive tool for maintaining health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Guerrini
- Pharmaceutical Biology Lab., Research Unit 7 of Terra&Acqua Tech Technopole Lab., Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Piazzale Luciano Chiappini, 3, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (G.S.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Gianni Sacchetti
- Pharmaceutical Biology Lab., Research Unit 7 of Terra&Acqua Tech Technopole Lab., Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Piazzale Luciano Chiappini, 3, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (G.S.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
| | | | - Guglielmo Paganetto
- Pharmaceutical Biology Lab., Research Unit 7 of Terra&Acqua Tech Technopole Lab., Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Piazzale Luciano Chiappini, 3, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (G.S.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Alessandro Grandini
- Pharmaceutical Biology Lab., Research Unit 7 of Terra&Acqua Tech Technopole Lab., Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Piazzale Luciano Chiappini, 3, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (G.S.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Immacolata Maresca
- Pharmaceutical Biology Lab., Research Unit 7 of Terra&Acqua Tech Technopole Lab., Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Piazzale Luciano Chiappini, 3, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (G.S.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanical Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Luciano Di Martino
- Ufficio Monitoraggio e Conservazione Biodiversità Vegetale, Ente Parco Nazionale della Majella, Via Badia, 28 loc. Badia Morronese, 67039 Sulmona (AQ), Italy;
| | - Arianna Marengo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Tacchini
- Pharmaceutical Biology Lab., Research Unit 7 of Terra&Acqua Tech Technopole Lab., Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Piazzale Luciano Chiappini, 3, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (G.S.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3284517778
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15
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Antioxidant Activities of a New Chemotype of Piper cubeba L. Fruit Essential Oil (Methyleugenol/Eugenol): In Silico Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111534. [PMID: 33182768 PMCID: PMC7696487 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Piper cubeba L. fruit is an important species used in folk medicine for different types of pains such as rheumatism, chills, flu, colds, muscular aches, and fever. This study examines the chemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and potential inhibitory effect against human peroxiredoxin 5, a key enzyme of P. cubeba essential oil from fruits. Using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the principal components were methyleugenol (41.31%) and eugenol (33.95%), followed by (E)-caryophyllene (5.65%), p-cymene-8-ol (3.50%), 1,8-cineole (2.94%), and α-terpinolene (1.41%). Results showed similar scavenging activity via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 110.00 ± 0.08 μg/mL), as well as very potent antioxidant activity against both ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) (106.00 ± 0.11 μg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching (IC50 = 315.00 ± 2.08 μg/mL) assays when compared to positive butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid. The molecular docking approach has also been performed to screen the antioxidant activities of the major and potent compounds against human protein target peroxiredoxin 5. Results showed good binding profiles and attributed the strongest inhibitory activity to β-caryophyllene oxide (-5.8 kcal/mol), followed respectively by isocembrol and α-selinene (-5.4 kcal/mol), and viridiflorol (-5.1 kcal/mol). Furthermore, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)-related physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties have been assessed and support our in vitro findings. This work demonstrates the powerful antioxidant potency of cubeba pepper and paves the way for the discovery and development of antioxidant agent with high potency.
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16
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Singh G, Katoch M. Antimicrobial activities and mechanism of action of Cymbopogon khasianus (Munro ex Hackel) Bor essential oil. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:331. [PMID: 33153473 PMCID: PMC7643435 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to concerns regarding the safety of the chemical control measures, the trend is shifting globally towards the use of natural compounds as antimicrobial agent especially, plant essential oils. RESULTS This study presented the antibacterial potential of Cymbopogon khasianus essential oil (CKEO) against human pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with MIC ranging from 20 to 100 μg/mL. CKEO, in comparison to its major constituent, geraniol, showed better MICs against tested pathogens. In combination studies, the effective concentrations of CKEO and streptomycin were reduced from 20 to 5 μg/mL and 11 to 0.7 ng/mL against E. coli. This suggests their synergistic action. However, CKEO showed partial synergy with ciprofloxacin. To understand the efficacy of CKEO, time-kill kinetics was performed. CKEO took the half time to show the bactericidal effect in comparison to streptomycin at their 2x MICs (double the MIC), while their combination took only 30 min for this. Fluorescence and surface electron microscopic and protein estimation studies suggested the multi-target action of CKEO-streptomycin combination against E. coli. Further, CKEO alone/in combination exhibited less than 10% haemolytic activity at its MIC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CKEO is a potentially safe alternative for the treatment of various pathogenic bacterial strains. It could be used for a variety of applications including human health, food storage, aquaculture, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Meenu Katoch
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
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