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Zhu J, Zhang J, Hu P, Fan M, Song D, Yin H, Yan P, Xian S, Li Z, Guo J, Long C, Xu R, Huang R, Meng T, Zhang J, Huang Z. Identification of Bone Metastatic and Prognostic Alternative Splicing Signatures in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2242-2259. [PMID: 37010714 PMCID: PMC10665256 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
As the most common nonepithelial malignancy, prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the fifth chief cause of cancer mortality in men. Distant metastasis often occurs in advanced PRAD and most patients are dying from it. However, the mechanism of PRAD progression and metastasis is still unclear. It's widely reported that more than 94% of genes are selectively splicing in humans and many isoforms are particularly related with cancer progression and metastasis. Spliceosome mutations occur in a mutually exclusive manner in breast cancer, and different components of spliceosomes are targets of somatic mutations in different types of breast cancer. Existing evidence strongly supports the key role of alternative splicing in breast cancer biology, and innovative tools are being developed to use splicing events for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In order to identify if the PRAD metastasis is associated with alternative splicing events (ASEs), the RNA sequencing data and ASEs data of 500 PRAD patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and TCGASpliceSeq databases. By Lasso regression, five genes were screened to construct the prediction model, with a good reliability by ROC curve. Additionally, results in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the well prognosis efficacy of the prediction model (both P < 0.001). Moreover, a potential splicing regulatory network was established and after multiple-database validation, we supposed that the signaling axis of HSPB1 up-regulating the PIP5K1C - 46,721 - AT (P < 0.001) might mediate the tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis of PRAD via the key members of Alzheimer's disease pathway (SRC, EGFR, MAPT, APP and PRKCA) (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiayao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingxiang Fan
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juanru Guo
- School of Mathematical Sciences of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chunling Long
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runping Xu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Zhou S, Xu H, Wei T. Inhibition of stress proteins TRIB3 and STC2 potentiates sorafenib sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17295. [PMID: 37389061 PMCID: PMC10300369 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance is one of the main obstacles to the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Stress proteins TRIB3 and STC2 confer cell resistance to a variety of stresses, including hypoxia, nutritional deprivation, and other perturbations, which induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the role of TRIB3 and STC2 in sorafenib sensitivity to HCC remains unclear. In this study, our results indicated that the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sorafenib-treated HCC cells obtained from the NCBI-GEO database (Huh7 and Hep3B cells; GSE96796) included TRIB3, STC2, HOXD1, C2orf82, ADM2, RRM2, and UNC93A. The most significantly upregulated DEGs were TRIB3 and STC2, which were both stress protein genes. Bioinformatic analysis in NCBI public databases indicated that TRIB3 and STC2 were highly expressed in HCC tissues and closely associated with poor prognoses in HCC patients. Further investigation showed that inhibition of TRIB3 or STC2 with siRNA could enhance the anti-cancer effect of sorafenib in HCC cell lines. In conclusion, our study showed that stress proteins TRIB3 and STC2 are closely associated with sorafenib resistance in HCC. The combination of TRIB3 or STC2 inhibition and sorafenib may be a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Huanji Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Tianhong Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
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Patnaik S, Nathan S, Kar B, Gregoric ID, Li YP. The Role of Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1557. [PMID: 37371652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 1960s, heat shock proteins (HSPs) were first identified as vital intracellular proteinaceous components that help in stress physiology and reprogram the cellular responses to enable the organism's survival. By the early 1990s, HSPs were detected in extracellular spaces and found to activate gamma-delta T-lymphocytes. Subsequent investigations identified their association with varied disease conditions, including autoimmune disorders, diabetes, cancer, hepatic, pancreatic, and renal disorders, and cachexia. In cardiology, extracellular HSPs play a definite, but still unclear, role in atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes, and heart failure. The possibility of HSP-targeted novel molecular therapeutics has generated much interest and hope in recent years. In this review, we discuss the role of Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins (Ec-HSPs) in various disease states, with a particular focus on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Patnaik
- Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sriram Nathan
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Biswajit Kar
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor D Gregoric
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Bonsignore G, Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cancer: Could Unfolded Protein Response Be a Druggable Target for Cancer Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021566. [PMID: 36675080 PMCID: PMC9865308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response which is used for re-establishing protein homeostasis, and it is triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Specific ER proteins mediate UPR activation, after dissociation from chaperone Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78). UPR can decrease ER stress, producing an ER adaptive response, block UPR if ER homeostasis is restored, or regulate apoptosis. Some tumour types are linked to ER protein folding machinery disturbance, highlighting how UPR plays a pivotal role in cancer cells to keep malignancy and drug resistance. In this review, we focus on some molecules that have been revealed to target ER stress demonstrating as UPR could be a new target in cancer treatment.
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DİRİCAN E, ÇINAR İ. Gossypin'in farklı kanser hücre dizilerinde HSP60 ve HSP70'in gen ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gossypin'in farklı kanser hücre hatlarında ısı şok proteinleri (HSP) genlerinin ekspresyon seviyesi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hücreler, standart kültür koşulları altında büyütüldü. Kanser hücreleri, farklı konsantrasyonlarda (5-100 µg/ml) gossypin ve pozitif kontrol olarak sisplatin (50 µM) ile muamele edildi. Gossypin'in hücre canlılığı ve etkili doz aralığı (5-100 µg/ml), 24, 48 ve 72. saatlerde MTT ile belirlendi. RNA izolasyonu ve cDNA sentezinden sonra, HSP60 ve HSP70 gen ekpresyon seviyesi RT-PCR ile analiz edildi. Gen ekspresyonu için 2-∆∆ct methodu kullanıldı.
Bulgular: MTT sonuçlarına göre kanser hücre hatlarında 25-50-100 µg/ml gossipin dozlarının HSP60 ve HSP70 gen ekspresyon seviyeleri üzerinde etkili olduğu bulundu. Gossypin, üç hücre hattında HSP60 ve HSP70'in ekspresyonunu doza bağımlı olarak etkilemiştir. Üç hücre hattında, 50 µg/ml ve 100 µg/ml gossipin dozları, HSP60 ve HSP70'in ekspresyonunu kontrol grubuna kıyasla önemli ölçüde azalttı.
Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız, farklı hücre dizilerinde çeşitli dozlarda gossypinin antikarsinojenik etkisini güçlü bir şekilde desteklemektedir. Fakat, daha fazla in vivo araştırma ve insan çalışmalarına ihtiyaç olduğuna inanıyoruz. Bulgularımız, gossypin'nin farklı kanser türlerinin önlenmesi ve/veya tedavisi için yeni stratejiler geliştirmek için daha ileri araştırmalar için uygun aday ajan olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir DİRİCAN
- BAYBURT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BAYBURT SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU
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Elmallah MIY, Cordonnier M, Vautrot V, Chanteloup G, Garrido C, Gobbo J. Membrane-anchored heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:134-141. [PMID: 31669516 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hsp70 is a highly conserved and inducible heat shock protein that belongs to the HSP70 family of molecular chaperones and plays a central role in protein homeostasis. The main function of Hsp70 is to protect cells from physiological, pathological and environmental insults, as it assists an ATP-dependent manner the process of protein folding. Since Hsp70 provides critical cell survival functions, cancer cells are assumed to rely on this chaperone. Strong evidence suggests that Hsp70 is upregulated in different type of cancers and is involved in tumor growth, invasion, migration and resistance to anti-cancer therapy. Interestingly, this Hsp70 upregulation induces Hsp70 re-location into plasma membrane. In this review, the role of Hsp70 in cancer will be discussed focusing particularly on the extracellular membrane-bound Hsp70. The mechanism by which Hsp70 is translocated to plasma membrane of tumor cells and the recent discoveries of drugs targeting this Hsp70 in cancer therapy will be also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Y Elmallah
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marine Cordonnier
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Faculty of Medicine. University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Valentin Vautrot
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA 3181, France
| | - Gaëtan Chanteloup
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Faculty of Medicine. University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Faculty of Medicine. University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Jessica Gobbo
- INSERM 1231, Label Ligue National contre le Cancer and Label d'excellence LipSTIC, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France; Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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Hoter A, Rizk S, Naim HY. The Multiple Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Molecular Chaperones in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081194. [PMID: 31426412 PMCID: PMC6721600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer types in men worldwide. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that are widely implicated in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of many cancers. The role of HSPs in PCa is complex and their expression has been linked to the progression and aggressiveness of the tumor. Prominent chaperones, including HSP90 and HSP70, are involved in the folding and trafficking of critical cancer-related proteins. Other members of HSPs, including HSP27 and HSP60, have been considered as promising biomarkers, similar to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), for PCa screening in order to evaluate and monitor the progression or recurrence of the disease. Moreover, expression level of chaperones like clusterin has been shown to correlate directly with the prostate tumor grade. Hence, targeting HSPs in PCa has been suggested as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In the current review, we discuss the functions as well as the role of HSPs in PCa progression and further evaluate the approach of inhibiting HSPs as a cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hoter
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Rizk
- School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Sen S, Dey A, Chowdhury S, Maulik U, Chattopadhyay K. Understanding the evolutionary trend of intrinsically structural disorders in cancer relevant proteins as probed by Shannon entropy scoring and structure network analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 19:549. [PMID: 30717651 PMCID: PMC7394331 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant diseases have become a threat for health care system. A panoply of biological processes is involved as the cause of these diseases. In order to unveil the mechanistic details of these diseased states, we analyzed protein families relevant to these diseases. RESULTS Our present study pivots around four apparently unrelated cancer types among which two are commonly occurring viz. Prostate Cancer, Breast Cancer and two relatively less frequent viz. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma. Eight protein families were found to have implications for these cancer types. Our results strikingly reveal that some of the proteins with implications in the cancerous cellular states were showing the structural organization disparate from the signature of the family it constitutes. The sequences were further mapped onto respective structures and compared with the entropic profile. The structures reveal that entropic scores were able to reveal the inherent structural bias of these proteins with quantitative precision, otherwise unseen from other analysis. Subsequently, the betweenness centrality scoring of each residue from the structure network models was resorted to explore the changes in dependencies on residue owing to structural disorder. CONCLUSION These observations help to obtain the mechanistic changes resulting from the structural orchestration of protein structures. Finally, the hydropathy indexes were obtained to validate the sequence space observations using Shannon entropy and in-turn establishing the compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Ashmita Dey
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sourav Chowdhury
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ujjwal Maulik
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Krishnananda Chattopadhyay
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
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Rottach AM, Ahrend H, Martin B, Walther R, Zimmermann U, Burchardt M, Stope MB. Cabazitaxel inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by inhibition of androgen receptor and heat shock protein expression. World J Urol 2019; 37:2137-2145. [PMID: 30603780 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cabazitaxel, a semi-synthetic taxane of the third generation, inhibits prostate cancer (PC) cell growth by affecting the microtubule architecture. Since cabazitaxel has also been demonstrated to inhibit androgen receptor (AR) functionality, AR and AR-associated heat shock protein (HSP) expressions in the presence of cabazitaxel were characterized. METHODS AR and HSP expressions were assessed via Western blotting utilizing a PC-cell-line in vitro system incubated with cabazitaxel. RESULTS Incubation experiments with 0.3 nM cabazitaxel exhibited significantly reduced levels of AR and the AR-associated factors HSP90α, HSP40, and HSP70/HSP90 organising protein. Furthermore, expression of the anti-apoptotic factor HSP60 was suppressed. In contrast to other anticancer compounds, cabazitaxel did not alter the cytoprotective chemoresistance factor HSP27. CONCLUSIONS Despite the deregulation of microtubule organisation, cabazitaxel has been shown to suppress the expression of HSP. Very notably, and may be as a result of down-regulated HSP, cabazitaxel additionally inhibits the expression of the AR in AR-positive PC cells. Thus, cabazitaxel bears an additional anti-proliferative activity which is at least in part specific for PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja-Martina Rottach
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hannes Ahrend
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benedikt Martin
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Reinhard Walther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Zimmermann
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Burchardt
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Beyene DA, Naab TJ, Kanarek NF, Apprey V, Esnakula A, Khan FA, Blackman MR, Brown CA, Hudson TS. Differential expression of Annexin 2, SPINK1, and Hsp60 predict progression of prostate cancer through bifurcated WHO Gleason score categories in African American men. Prostate 2018; 78:801-811. [PMID: 29682763 PMCID: PMC7257440 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have observed several markers correlate with progression of prostate cancer (PCa), no specific markers have been identified that accurately predict the progression of this disease, even in African American (AA) men who are generally at higher risk than other ethnic groups. The primary goal of this study was to explore whether three markers could predict the progression of PCa. METHOD We investigated protein expression of Annexin 2 (ANX2), serine peptidase inhibitor, kazal type 1(SPINK1)/tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI), and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) in 79 archival human prostate trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy tissues according to a modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification: normal (WHO1a), Gleason Score (GS6 (WHO1b), GS7 subgroups (WHO2 = 3 + 4, WHO3 = 4 + 3), GS8 (WHO4), and GS9-10 (WHO5). AA men aged 41-90 diagnosed from 1990 to 2013 at Howard University were included. Automated staining assessed expression of each biomarker. Spearman correlation assessed the direction and relationship between biomarkers, WHO and modified WHO GS, age, and 5-year survival. A two-tailed t-test and ANOVA evaluated biomarkers expression in relationship to WHO normal and other GS levels, and between WHO GS levels. A logistic and linear regression analysis examined the relationship between biomarker score and WHO GS categories. Kaplan-Meier curves graphed survival. RESULTS ANX2 expression decreased monotonically with the progression of PCa while expression of SPINK1/TATI and Hsp60 increased but had a more WHO GS-specific effect; SPINK1/TATI differed between normal and GS 2-6 and HSP60 differed between GS 7 and GS 2-6. WHO GS was found to be significantly and negatively associated with ANX2, and positively with SPINK1/TATI and Hsp60 expression. High SPINK1/TATI expression together with the low ANX2 expression at higher GS exhibited a bi-directional relationship that is associated with PCa progression and survival. CONCLUSION Importantly, the data reveal that ANX2, and SPINK1/TAT1 highly associate with WHO GS and with the transition from one stage of PrCa to the next in AA men. Future research is needed in biracial and larger population studies to confirm this dynamic relationship between ANX2 and SPINK1 as independent predictors of PCa progression in all men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta A Beyene
- Research Service, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tammey J Naab
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Norma F Kanarek
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Victor Apprey
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ashwini Esnakula
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Farahan A Khan
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Marc R Blackman
- Research Service, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Collis A Brown
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tamaro S Hudson
- Research Service, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Ríos-Colón L, Cajigas-Du Ross CK, Basu A, Elix C, Alicea-Polanco I, Sanchez TW, Radhakrishnan V, Chen CS, Casiano CA. Targeting the stress oncoprotein LEDGF/p75 to sensitize chemoresistant prostate cancer cells to taxanes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24915-24931. [PMID: 28212536 PMCID: PMC5421899 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with chronic prostate inflammation resulting in activation of stress and pro-survival pathways that contribute to disease progression and chemoresistance. The stress oncoprotein lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), also known as DFS70 autoantigen, promotes cellular survival against environmental stressors, including oxidative stress, radiation, and cytotoxic drugs. Furthermore, LEDGF/p75 overexpression in PCa and other cancers has been associated with features of tumor aggressiveness, including resistance to cell death and chemotherapy. We report here that the endogenous levels of LEDGF/p75 are upregulated in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cells selected for resistance to the taxane drug docetaxel (DTX). These cells also showed resistance to the taxanes cabazitaxel (CBZ) and paclitaxel (PTX), but not to the classical inducer of apoptosis TRAIL. Silencing LEDGF/p75 effectively sensitized taxane-resistant PC3 and DU145 cells to DTX and CBZ, as evidenced by a significant decrease in their clonogenic potential. While TRAIL induced apoptotic blebbing, caspase-3 processing, and apoptotic LEDGF/p75 cleavage, which leads to its inactivation, in both taxane-resistant and -sensitive PC3 and DU145 cells, treatment with DTX and CBZ failed to robustly induce these signature apoptotic events. These observations suggested that taxanes induce both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death in mCRPC cells, and that maintaining the structural integrity of LEDGF/p75 is critical for its role in promoting taxane-resistance. Our results further establish LEDGF/p75 as a stress oncoprotein that plays an important role in taxane-resistance in mCRPC cells, possibly by antagonizing drug-induced caspase-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslimar Ríos-Colón
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Christina K Cajigas-Du Ross
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Anamika Basu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Catherine Elix
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Ivana Alicea-Polanco
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tino W Sanchez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Vinodh Radhakrishnan
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the regulation mechanism of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) on gemcitabine (GEM) resistance of pancreatic cancer cell. METHODS The expression vectors pEGFP-C1-HSP27 and the vectors of MicroRNA targeting Snail were introduced into GEM-sensitive pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells, and the vectors of small hairpin RNA targeting HSP27 were transfected into SW1990 and GEM-resistant SW1990/GEM cells. The expressions of HSP27, p-HSP27 (Ser82), Snail, ERCC1, and E-cadherin were evaluated by Western blotting. The sensitivity of transfected cells to GEM was detected by CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay. RESULTS As compared to SW1990, SW1990/GEM showed significantly increased expressions of HSP27, p-HSP27, Snail and ERCC1 with decreased expression of E-cadherin. By increasing HSP27 expression, we found increase of Snail and ERCC1 with reduction of E-cadherin expressions, while reduction of HSP27 expression caused reduction of Snail and ERCC1 but increase of E-cadherin expressions. Downregulation of Snail resulted in the reduction of ERCC1 expression and increase of E-cadherin. Furthermore, downregulation of HSP27 or snail caused increased GEM sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells, and upregulation of HSP27 showed the opposite results. CONCLUSIONS There is an inverse correlation between HSP27 expression and GEM sensitivity of SW1990 cells, which might be realized by regulating E-cadherin and ERCC1 expressions through Snail.
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13
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Albany C, Hahn NM. Heat shock and other apoptosis-related proteins as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:359-63. [PMID: 24713836 PMCID: PMC4023360 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.126400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects within apoptotic pathways have been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) tumorigenesis, metastatic progression and treatment resistance. A hallmark of cancers is the ability to derail apoptosis by inhibiting the apoptotic signal, reducing the expression of apoptotic proteins and/or amplifying survival signals through increased production of antiapoptotic molecule. This review describes associations between heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the human androgen receptor (AR), the role of HSPs and other stress-induced proteins in PCa development and emerging strategies in targeting these protective proteins to treat PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noah M Hahn
- Indiana University Health, Melvin and Bern Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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14
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Cano LQ, Lavery DN, Bevan CL. Mini-review: Foldosome regulation of androgen receptor action in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 369:52-62. [PMID: 23395916 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors play diverse roles in many aspects of human physiology including cell division, apoptosis and homeostasis, tissue differentiation, sexual development and response to stress. These ligand-activated transcription factors require the functional activity of numerous chaperone and chaperone-associated proteins, collectively termed the foldosome, at the crucial step of ligand recognition and binding. Since the initial isolation of foldosome components and pioneering research by Pratt, Toft and colleagues we understand much regarding cytosolic receptor function. The classical view, that the role of foldosome components is restricted to the cytosol, has been modified over recent years by research highlighting additional roles of chaperone proteins in nuclear translocation and target gene expression. Further, dysregulation of chaperone activity and expression has been implicated in various cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. Consequently, the foldosome provides an attractive therapeutic target in steroid hormone receptor-driven malignancies. This review summarises current knowledge of how the foldosome impacts upon androgen receptor signalling, which is the key therapeutic target on prostate cancer, and how foldosome components may be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Miyake H, Fujisawa M. Prognostic prediction following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer using conventional as well as molecular biological approaches. Int J Urol 2012; 20:301-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Miyake
- Division of Urology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe; Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe; Japan
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16
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Clusterin inhibition using OGX-011 synergistically enhances antitumour activity of sorafenib in a human renal cell carcinoma model. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1945-52. [PMID: 22588555 PMCID: PMC3388571 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate whether the therapeutic activity of sorafenib could be enhanced by combining with OGX-011, an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeting clusterin, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS We investigated the effects of combined treatment with OGX-011 and sorafenib on a human RCC ACHN model both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Although clusterin expression was increased by sorafenib, additional treatment of ACHN with OGX-011 significantly blocked the upregulation of clusterin induced by sorafenib. Despite the lack of a significant effect on the growth of ACHN, OGX-011 synergistically enhanced the sensitivity to sorafenib, reducing the IC(50) by >50%. Apoptotic changes were intensively detected in ACHN after combined treatment with OGX-011 and a sublethal dose of sorafenib, but not either agent alone. Furthermore, this combined treatment resulted in the marked downregulation of phosphorylated Akt and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in ACHN compared with treatment with either agent alone. In vivo systemic administration of OGX-011 plus sorafenib significantly decreased the ACHN tumour volume compared with control ODN plus sorafenib. CONCLUSION Combined use with OGX-011 may be useful in enhancing the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib on RCC by inducing apoptosis and inactivating major signal transduction pathways.
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17
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Basu A, Drame A, Muñoz R, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z, De Leon M, Casiano CA. Pathway specific gene expression profiling reveals oxidative stress genes potentially regulated by transcription co-activator LEDGF/p75 in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2012; 72:597-611. [PMID: 21796653 PMCID: PMC3227744 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75) is a stress survival transcription co-activator and autoantigen that is overexpressed in tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). This oncoprotein promotes resistance to cell death induced by oxidative stress and chemotherapy by mechanisms that remain unclear. To get insights into these mechanisms we identified candidate target stress genes of LEDGF/p75 using pathway-specific gene expression profiling in PCa cells. METHODS A "Human oxidative stress and antioxidant defense" qPCR array was used to identify genes exhibiting significant expression changes in response to knockdown or overexpression of LEDGF/p75 in PC-3 cells. Validation of array results was performed by additional qPCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Cytoglobin (CYGB), Phosphoinositide-binding protein PIP3-E/IPCEF-1, superoxidase dismutase 3 (SOD3), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and albumin (ALB) exhibited significant transcript down- and up-regulation in response to LEDGF/p75 knockdown and overexpression, respectively. CYGB gene was selected for further validation based on its emerging role as a stress oncoprotein in human malignancies. In light of previous reports indicating that LEDGF/p75 regulates peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), and that PRDXs exhibit differential expression in PCa, we also examined the relationship between these proteins in PCa cells. Our validation data revealed that changes in LEDGF/p75 transcript and protein expression in PCa cells closely paralleled those of CYGB, but not those of the PRDXs. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies CYGB and other genes as stress genes potentially regulated by LEDGF/p75 in PCa cells, and provides a rationale for investigating their role in PCa and in promoting resistance to chemotherapy- and oxidative stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Basu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Awa Drame
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ruben Muñoz
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marino De Leon
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Schoolof Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Correspondence to: Carlos A. Casiano, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350.
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18
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Teiten MH, Gaigneaux A, Chateauvieux S, Billing AM, Planchon S, Fack F, Renaut J, Mack F, Muller CP, Dicato M, Diederich M. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in curcumin-treated prostate cancer cell lines. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2012; 16:289-300. [PMID: 22475723 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to high prevalence and slow progression of prostate cancer, primary prevention appears to be attractive strategy for its eradication. During the last decade, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural compound from the root of turmeric (Curcuma longa), was described as a potent chemopreventive agent. Curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant properties in various cancer cell models. This study was designed to identify proteins involved in the anticancer activity of curcumin in androgen-dependent (22Rv1) and -independent (PC-3) human prostate cancer cell lines using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Out of 425 differentially expressed spots, we describe here the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of 192 spots of interest, selected by their expression profile. This approach allowed the identification of 60 differentially expressed proteins (32 in 22Rv1 cells and 47 in PC-3 cells). Nineteen proteins are regulated in both cell lines. Further bioinformatic analysis shows that proteins modulated by curcumin are implicated in protein folding (such as heat-shock protein PPP2R1A; RNA splicing proteins RBM17, DDX39; cell death proteins HMGB1 and NPM1; proteins involved in androgen receptor signaling, NPM1 and FKBP4/FKBP52), and that this compound could have an impact on miR-141, miR-152, and miR-183 expression. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that curcumin is an interesting chemopreventive agent as it modulates the expression of proteins that potentially contribute to prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Teiten
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg
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19
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P042. Heat shock protein 27 is essential for melanoma cell proliferation, migration and chemoresistance. Melanoma Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/01.cmr.0000399503.92074.b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Basu A, Banerjee H, Rojas H, Martinez SR, Roy S, Jia Z, Lilly MB, De León M, Casiano CA. Differential expression of peroxiredoxins in prostate cancer: consistent upregulation of PRDX3 and PRDX4. Prostate 2011; 71:755-65. [PMID: 21031435 PMCID: PMC3107902 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are emerging as regulators of antioxidant defense, apoptosis, and therapy resistance in cancer. Because their significance in prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear, we investigated their expression and clinical associations in PCa. METHODS Transcript expression of PRDX1-6 in PCa was evaluated in cancer gene microarray datasets, whereas protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting in prostate cell lines, and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in prostate tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing tumor (n = 80) and control (n = 17) tissues. PRDX3 was also analyzed in TMAs containing PCa tissues from African-American and Caucasian patients (n = 150 per group). PRDX expression was correlated with patients' clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS Analysis of PRDX expression in cancer microarray datasets revealed consistent upregulation (tumor vs. normal) of PRDX3 and 4. All PRDXs exhibited elevated protein expression in PCa cell lines, compared with non-tumor cells. IHC revealed significant overexpression of PRDX3 and 4 in PCa, associated with age, increased prostate specific antigen (PSA), tumor stage, or Gleason score. High PRDX3 staining was associated with early age and elevated Gleason score at time of radical prostatectomy in African-American but not in Caucasian patients with PCa. PSA recurrence free survival in patients with low PRDX3 tumor expression was significantly longer in Caucasians compared to African-Americans, but no difference was detected for high expression. CONCLUSIONS PRDXs exhibit differential expression in prostate tumors, with PRDX3 and 4 consistently upregulated. Their role in PCa development, and their potential as biological determinants of PCa health disparities and novel therapeutic targets, deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Basu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Hiya Banerjee
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Heather Rojas
- Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shannalee R. Martinez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sourav Roy
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Michael B. Lilly
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Marino De León
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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21
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Abstract
The development of peptides with therapeutic activities can be based on naturally occurring peptides or alternatively on de novo design. The discovery of natural peptides is often a matter of serendipity. In part, this is because natural peptides are typically proteolytically cleaved out from precursor proteins, a feature that averts the direct benefits of the genomic revolution. The first part of this review describes attempts to create a more systematic identification of natural peptides relying on a two step process. In the initial step, an in silico peptidome is predicted through the use of machine learning. Then, various computational biology tools are tailored to focus on peptides predicted to have the desired biological activity; for example, activating a GPCR or modulating the cellular arm of the immune system. The second part of the review is devoted to de novo peptide design and focuses on arguably the simplest scenario in which the designed peptide corresponds to a contiguous protein subsequence. Amongst these peptides, those corresponding to helical segments are prominent, mainly due to their relative ability to fold independently. Inspired by the clinical success of viral entry inhibitors, which are peptides corresponding to helical segments in viral envelope proteins, a computational tool for the identification of intramolecular helix-helix interactions was developed. Using this approach, peptides having anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities have been recently rationally designed and biologically characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossef Kliger
- Compugen LTD, 72 Pinchas Rosen, Tel Aviv 69512, Israel.
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22
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Li X, Zhang K, Li Z. Unfolded protein response in cancer: the physician's perspective. J Hematol Oncol 2011; 4:8. [PMID: 21345215 PMCID: PMC3060154 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-4-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cascade of intracellular stress signaling events in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Cancer cells are often exposed to hypoxia, nutrient starvation, oxidative stress and other metabolic dysregulation that cause ER stress and activation of the UPR. Depending on the duration and degree of ER stress, the UPR can provide either survival signals by activating adaptive and antiapoptotic pathways, or death signals by inducing cell death programs. Sustained induction or repression of UPR pharmacologically may thus have beneficial and therapeutic effects against cancer. In this review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of UPR and highlight the importance of UPR in cancer biology. We also update the UPR-targeted cancer therapeutics currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Lea’s Foundation Center for Hematologic Disorders and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1601, USA
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Identification of biomarkers to improve diagnostic sensitivity of sporadic colorectal cancer in patients with low preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen by clinical proteomic analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:636-41. [PMID: 21185818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays usually give false negative results. To improve the diagnosis of primary sporadic CRC, there is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers. METHODS We used laser pressure catapulting and proteomics to analyze overexpressed cancer associated proteins from 48 sporadic CRC patients with low preoperative serum CEA (LPSC) (<5 ng/ml). Real-time Q-PCR was used to identify the target gene transcripts. Immunoblots were carried out to validate the biomarkers. RESULTS Alpha-enolase, HSP27 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were overexpressed in all tumor tissues from 48 LPSC CRC patients, as assessed by 2DE image analysis. The genes were also overexpressed at the transcript level in all tumor tissues from the same patients. In the immunoblot assay, only serum levels of Alpha-enolase and MIF were significantly overexpressed in the LPSC group compared to the mean levels in the control group. Combined with the determinations of preoperative CEA levels, screening for serum Alpha-enolase and MIF were shown to improve the diagnosis of primary CRC. CONCLUSIONS Serum Alpha-enolase and MIF may be potential biomarkers that can be used to improve clinical predication of primary CRC with LPSC.
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Ciocca DR, Fanelli MA, Cuello-Carrion FD, Castro GN. Heat shock proteins in prostate cancer: from tumorigenesis to the clinic. Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 26:737-47. [PMID: 20858068 DOI: 10.3109/02656731003776968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock proteins (HSP) constitute a superfamily of chaperone proteins present in all cells and in all cell compartments, operating in a complex interplay with synergistic/overlapping multiplicity of functions, even though the common effect is cell protection. Several reasons explain the need for investigating HSP in prostate cancer: (1) these molecules function as chaperones of tumorigenesis accompanying the emergence of prostate cancer cells, (2) they appear as useful molecular markers associated with disease aggressiveness and with resistance to anticancer therapies including hormone therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hyperthermia, and (3) they can be used as targets for therapies. The latter can be accomplished by: (i) interrupting the interaction of HSP (mainly HSPC1) with various client proteins that are protected from degradation when chaperoned by the HSP; (ii) using the chaperone and adjuvant capabilities of certain HSP to present antigenic peptides to the immune system, so this system can recognise the prostate tumour cells as foreign to mount an effective antitumoral response; and (iii) using treatment planning models taking into account the HSP expression levels to obtain more effective therapies. In summary, the study of the HSP during tumorigenesis as well as during cancer progression, and the inclusion of treatment designs targeting HSP combined with other treatment modalities, should improve prostate cancer survival in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ciocca
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo, Scientific and Technological Centre of Mendoza, National Research Council (CONICET) and Argentina Foundation for Cancer Research, Mendoza, Argentina.
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25
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Vishnu P, Tan WW. Update on options for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2010; 3:39-51. [PMID: 20616956 PMCID: PMC2895780 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men in US and European countries. Despite having a favorable prognosis, the incidence of incurable metastatic disease and mortality in the US is about 28,000 per year. Although hormone-based androgen deprivation therapies typically result in rapid responses, nearly all patients eventually develop progressive castration-resistant disease state. With readily available prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, most of these patients are asymptomatic and manifest progression simply as a rising PSA. In patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the median survival is about 1-2 years, with improvements in survival seen mostly with docetaxel-based regimens. The purpose of this article is to review the recent developments in the treatment of advanced CRPC. RECENT FINDINGS Since the two landmark trials (TAX-327 and Southwest Oncology Group 99-16) in CRPC, several newer cytotoxic drugs (epothilones, satraplatin), targeted agents (abiraterone, MDV3100) and vaccines have been tested in phase II and III setting with promising results. CONCLUSIONS The role of newer agents in the treatment of CRPC still needs to be validated by phase III trials, which are currently ongoing. Whilst the novel biomarkers, 'circulating tumor cells', have been shown to provide important prognostic information and are anticipated to be incorporated in future clinical decision-making, their exact utility and relevance calls for a larger prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Vishnu
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Winston W Tan
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Malda J, ten Hoope W, Schuurman W, van Osch GJ, van Weeren PR, Dhert WJ. Localization of the Potential Zonal Marker Clusterin in Native Cartilage and in Tissue-Engineered Constructs. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:897-904. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Werner ten Hoope
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Schuurman
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kostenko S, Moens U. Heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation: kinases, phosphatases, functions and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3289-307. [PMID: 19593530 PMCID: PMC11115724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein Hsp27 or its murine homologue Hsp25 acts as an ATP-independent chaperone in protein folding, but is also implicated in architecture of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, metabolism, cell survival, growth/differentiation, mRNA stabilization, and tumor progression. A variety of stimuli induce phosphorylation of serine residues 15, 78, and 82 in Hsp27 and serines 15 and 86 in Hsp25. This post-translational modification affects some of the cellular functions of Hsp25/27. As a consequence of the functional importance of Hsp25/27 phosphorylation, aberrant Hsp27 phosphorylation has been linked to several clinical conditions. This review focuses on the different Hsp25/27 kinases and phosphatases that regulate the phosphorylation pattern of Hsp25/27, and discusses the recent findings of the biological implications of these phosphorylation events in physiological and pathological processes. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring anomalous Hsp27 phosphorylation in human diseases will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Heat shock protein 27 mediates repression of androgen receptor function by protein kinase D1 in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 2009; 28:4386-96. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mediavilla-Varela M, Pacheco FJ, Almaguel F, Perez J, Sahakian E, Daniels TR, Leoh LS, Padilla A, Wall NR, Lilly MB, De Leon M, Casiano CA. Docetaxel-induced prostate cancer cell death involves concomitant activation of caspase and lysosomal pathways and is attenuated by LEDGF/p75. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:68. [PMID: 19715609 PMCID: PMC2741463 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and high mortality, particularly among African American men when compared to other racial/ethnic groups. It is generally accepted that docetaxel, the standard of care for chemotherapy of HRPC, primarily exerts tumor cell death by inducing mitotic catastrophe and caspase-dependent apoptosis following inhibition of microtubule depolymerization. However, there is a gap in our knowledge of mechanistic events underlying docetaxel-induced caspase-independent cell death, and the genes that antagonize this process. This knowledge is important for circumventing HRPC chemoresistance and reducing disparities in prostate cancer mortality. Results We investigated mechanistic events associated with docetaxel-induced death in HRPC cell lines using various approaches that distinguish caspase-dependent from caspase-independent cell death. Docetaxel induced both mitotic catastrophe and caspase-dependent apoptosis at various concentrations. However, caspase activity was not essential for docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity since cell death associated with lysosomal membrane permeabilization still occurred in the presence of caspase inhibitors. Partial inhibition of docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity was observed after inhibition of cathepsin B, but not inhibition of cathepsins D and L, suggesting that docetaxel induces caspase-independent, lysosomal cell death. Simultaneous inhibition of caspases and cathepsin B dramatically reduced docetaxel-induced cell death. Ectopic expression of lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), a stress survival autoantigen and transcription co-activator, attenuated docetaxel-induced lysosomal destabilization and cell death. Interestingly, LEDGF/p75 overexpression did not protect cells against DTX-induced mitotic catastrophe, and against apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), suggesting selectivity in its pro-survival activity. Conclusion These results underscore the ability of docetaxel to induce concomitantly caspase-dependent and independent death pathways in prostate cancer cells. The results also point to LEDGF/p75 as a potential contributor to cellular resistance to docetaxel-induced lysosomal destabilization and cell death, and an attractive candidate for molecular targeting in HRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mediavilla-Varela
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Peptides modulating conformational changes in secreted chaperones: from in silico design to preclinical proof of concept. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:13797-801. [PMID: 19666568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906514106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking conformational changes in biologically active proteins holds therapeutic promise. Inspired by the susceptibility of viral entry to inhibition by synthetic peptides that block the formation of helix-helix interactions in viral envelope proteins, we developed a computational approach for predicting interacting helices. Using this approach, which combines correlated mutations analysis and Fourier transform, we designed peptides that target gp96 and clusterin, 2 secreted chaperones known to shift between inactive and active conformations. In human blood mononuclear cells, the gp96-derived peptide inhibited the production of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by endotoxin by >80%. When injected into mice, the peptide reduced circulating levels of endotoxin-induced TNFalpha, IL-6, and IFNgamma by >50%. The clusterin-derived peptide arrested proliferation of several neoplastic cell lines, and significantly enhanced the cytostatic activity of taxol in vitro and in a xenograft model of lung cancer. Also, the predicted mode of action of the active peptides was experimentally verified. Both peptides bound to their parent proteins, and their biological activity was abolished in the presence of the peptides corresponding to the counterpart helices. These data demonstrate a previously uncharacterized method for rational design of protein antagonists.
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Kaisman-Elbaz T, Sekler I, Fishman D, Karol N, Forberg M, Kahn N, Hershfinkel M, Silverman WF. Cell death induced by zinc and cadmium is mediated by clusterin in cultured mouse seminiferous tubules. J Cell Physiol 2009; 220:222-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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