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Lim JJ, Goedken M, Jin Y, Gu H, Cui JY. Single-cell transcriptomics unveiled that early life BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the gut-liver axis to promote a proinflammatory metabolic signature in male mice at late adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:114-136. [PMID: 38648751 PMCID: PMC11199921 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are legacy flame retardants that bioaccumulate in the environment. The gut microbiome is an important regulator of liver functions including xenobiotic biotransformation and immune regulation. We recently showed that neonatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether-99 (BDE-99), a human breast milk-enriched PBDE congener, up-regulated proinflammation-related and down-regulated drug metabolism-related genes predominantly in males in young adulthood. However, the persistence of this dysregulation into late adulthood, differential impact among hepatic cell types, and the involvement of the gut microbiome from neonatal BDE-99 exposure remain unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, male C57BL/6 mouse pups were orally exposed to corn oil (10 ml/kg) or BDE-99 (57 mg/kg) once daily from postnatal days 2-4. At 15 months of age, neonatal BDE-99 exposure down-regulated xenobiotic and lipid-metabolizing enzymes and up-regulated genes involved in microbial influx in hepatocytes. Neonatal BDE-99 exposure also increased the hepatic proportion of neutrophils and led to a predicted increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling. This was associated with decreased intestinal tight junction protein (Tjp) transcripts, altered gut environment, and dysregulation of inflammation-related metabolites. ScRNA-seq using germ-free (GF) mice demonstrated the necessity of a normal gut microbiome in maintaining hepatic immune tolerance. Microbiota transplant to GF mice using large intestinal microbiome from adults neonatally exposed to BDE-99 down-regulated Tjp transcripts and up-regulated several cytokines in large intestine. In conclusion, neonatal BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed cell type-specific gene expression and cell-cell communication in liver towards proinflammation, and this may be partly due to the dysregulated gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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Han X, Hu X, Jin W, Liu G. Dietary nutrition, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:188-207. [PMID: 38800735 PMCID: PMC11126776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Weaning is a critical transitional point in the life cycle of piglets. Early weaning can lead to post-weaning syndrome, destroy the intestinal barrier function and microbiota homeostasis, cause diarrhea and threaten the health of piglets. The nutritional components of milk and solid foods consumed by newborn animals can affect the diversity and structure of their intestinal microbiota, and regulate post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of different nutrients, including protein, dietary fiber, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance, on diarrhea and health of piglets by regulating intestinal function. Protein is an essential nutrient for the growth of piglets; however, excessive intake will cause many harmful effects, such as allergic reactions, intestinal barrier dysfunction and pathogenic growth, eventually aggravating piglet diarrhea. Dietary fiber is a nutrient that alleviates post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, which is related to its promotion of intestinal epithelial integrity, microbial homeostasis and the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance can also facilitate the growth, function and health of piglets by regulating intestinal epithelial function, immune system and microbiota. Thus, a targeted control of dietary components to promote the establishment of a healthy bacterial community is a significant method for preventing nutritional diarrhea in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Han
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Yang M, Zhang J, Yan H, Pan Y, Zhou J, Zhong H, Wang J, Cai H, Feng F, Zhao M. A comprehensive review of medium chain monoglycerides on metabolic pathways, nutritional and functional properties, nanotechnology formulations and applications in food system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38779723 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2353403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A large and growing body of literature has investigated the broad antibacterial spectrum and strong synergistic antimicrobial activity of medium chain monoglycerides (MCMs) have been widely investigated. Recently, more and more researches have focused on the regulation of MCMs on metabolic health and gut microbiota both in vivo and in vitro. The current review summarizes the digestion, absorption and metabolism of MCMs. Subsequently, it focuses on the functional and nutritional properties of MCMs, including the antibacterial and antiviral characteristics, the modulation of metabolic balance, the regulation of gut microbiota, and the improvement in intestinal health. Additionally, we discuss the most recent developments and application of MCMs using nanotechnologies in food industry, poultry and pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, we analyze recent application examples of MCMs and their nanotechnology formation used in food. The development of nanotechnology platforms facilitating molecular encapsulation and functional presentation contribute to the application of hydrophobic fatty acids and monoglycerides in food preservation and their antibacterial effectiveness. This study emphasizes the metabolic mechanisms and biological activity of MCMs by summarizing the prevailing state of knowledge on this topic, as well as providing insights into prospective techniques for developing the beneficial applications of MCMs to realize the industrialized production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Guangdong Qingyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shaoguan, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yao MX, Yu HX, Mo HL, Zhang ZH, Song QC, Liu Q, Yang QY, Wang LX, Li Y. Structural and pharmacological characterization of a medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84 in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105126. [PMID: 38160872 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is mainly expressed in macrophages and microglia, and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses and retinal development in mammals and amphibians. However, structure, tissue distribution, and pharmacology of this receptor have rarely been reported in fish. In this study, we cloned the coding sequence (CDS) of common carp GPR84 (ccGPR84), examined its tissue distribution, and explored its cellular signaling function. The results showed that the CDS of ccGPR84 is 1191 bp and encodes a putative protein with 396 amino acids. Phylogenetic and chromosomal synteny analyses revealed that ccGPR84 was evolutionarily conserved with Cyprinids. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated that ccGPR84 was predominantly expressed in the intestine and spleen. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that nonanoic acid, capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid and lauric acid could inhibit cAMP signaling pathway and activate MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, while the potencies of these four fatty acids on the two signaling pathways were different. Lauric acid has the highest inhibitory potency on cAMP signaling pathway, followed by undecanoic acid, nonanoic acid, and capric acid. While for MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, nonanoic acid has the highest activation potency, followed by undecanoic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid. These findings lay the foundation for revealing the roles of different medium-chain fatty acids in the inflammatory response of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui-Xia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hao-Lin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Zhu B, Shao C, Xu W, Dai J, Fu G, Hu Y. Effects of Thyroid Powder on Tadpole ( Lithobates catesbeiana) Metamorphosis and Growth: The Role of Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:208. [PMID: 38254377 PMCID: PMC10812769 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A low metamorphosis rate of amphibian larvae, commonly known as tadpoles, limits the farming production of bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeiana). This study aimed to examine the effects of processed thyroid powder as a feed additive on tadpole metamorphosis, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota. Five groups of tadpoles were fed with diets containing 0 g/kg (TH0), 1.5 g/kg (TH1.5), 3 g/kg (TH3), 4.5 g/kg (TH4.5), and 6 g/kg (TH6) thyroid powder for 70 days. The results showed that TH increased the average weight of tadpoles during metamorphosis, with the TH6 group having the highest values. The TH4.5 group had the highest metamorphosis rate (p < 0.05). Biochemical tests and Oil Red O staining showed that the lipid (triglyceride) content in the liver decreased after TH supplementation, especially at doses higher than 1.5 g/kg. RT-qPCR revealed that TH at doses higher than 4.5 g/kg significantly up-regulated the transcriptional expression of the pparα, accb, fas, fadd6, acadl, and lcat genes, which are related to lipid metabolism (p < 0.05). These results showed that TH seems to simultaneously promote the synthesis and decomposition of lipid and fatty acids, but ultimately show a decrease in lipids. As for the gut microbiota, it is noteworthy that Verrucomicrobia increased significantly in the TH4.5 and TH6 groups, and the Akkermansia (classified as Verrucomicrobia) was the corresponding genus, which is related to lipid metabolism. Specifically, the metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota were mainly enriched in metabolic-related functions (such as lipid metabolism), and there were significant differences in metabolic and immune pathways between the TH4.5 and TH0 groups (p < 0.05). In summary, TH may enhance lipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota (especially Akkermansia), thereby promoting the growth of tadpoles. Consequently, a supplementation of 4.5 g/kg or 6 g/kg of TH is recommended for promoting the metamorphosis and growth of tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.Z.); (C.S.); (W.X.); (J.D.); (G.F.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chuang Shao
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.Z.); (C.S.); (W.X.); (J.D.); (G.F.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.Z.); (C.S.); (W.X.); (J.D.); (G.F.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihong Dai
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.Z.); (C.S.); (W.X.); (J.D.); (G.F.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guihong Fu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.Z.); (C.S.); (W.X.); (J.D.); (G.F.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.Z.); (C.S.); (W.X.); (J.D.); (G.F.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Yan D, Ye S, He Y, Wang S, Xiao Y, Xiang X, Deng M, Luo W, Chen X, Wang X. Fatty acids and lipid mediators in inflammatory bowel disease: from mechanism to treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286667. [PMID: 37868958 PMCID: PMC10585177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Though the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, diet is increasingly recognized as a pivotal factor influencing its onset and progression. Fatty acids, essential components of dietary lipids, play diverse roles in IBD, ranging from anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory functions to gut-microbiota modulation and barrier maintenance. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), products of indigestible dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota, have strong anti-inflammatory properties and are seen as key protective factors against IBD. Among long-chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit pro-inflammatory effects, while oleic acid and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids display anti-inflammatory actions. Lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids serve as bioactive molecules, influencing immune cell functions and offering both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory benefits. Recent research has also highlighted the potential of medium- and very long-chain fatty acids in modulating inflammation, mucosal barriers, and gut microbiota in IBD. Given these insights, dietary intervention and supplementation with short-chain fatty acids are emerging as potential therapeutic strategies for IBD. This review elucidates the impact of various fatty acids and lipid mediators on IBD and delves into potential therapeutic avenues stemming from these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sidan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lei F, Zeng F, Yu X, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Xu M, Ding N, Tian J, Li C. Oral hydrogel nanoemulsion co-delivery system treats inflammatory bowel disease via anti-inflammatory and promoting intestinal mucosa repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:275. [PMID: 37596598 PMCID: PMC10436423 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to oral nano-delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often failed to accumulated to the colonic site and could not achieve controlled drug release, it's urgent to develop a microenvironment responsive drug delivery to improve therapy efficacy. Inflammation at the IBD site is mainly mediated by macrophages, which are the key effector cells. Excessive inflammation leads to oxidative stress and intestinal mucosal damage. The use of curcumin (CUR) and emodin (EMO) together for the treatment of IBD is promising due to their respective anti-inflammatory and intestinal mucosal repair effects. In view of the pH gradient environment of gastrointestinal tract, here we prepared pH-responsive sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel-coated nanoemulsions to co-deliver CUR and EMO (CUR/EMO NE@SA) to achieve controlled drug release and specifically target macrophages of the colon. RESULTS In this study, a pH-responsive CUR/EMO NE@SA was successfully developed, in which the CUR/EMO NE was loaded by chitosan and further crosslinked with sodium alginate. CUR/EMO NE@SA had a pH-responsive property and could achieve controlled drug release in the colon. The preparation could significantly alleviate and improve the colon inflammatory microenvironment by decreasing TNF-α and IL-6 expression, increasing IL-10 expression, scavenging reactive oxygen species in macrophages, and by ameliorating the restoration of intestinal mucosal tight junction protein expression. Furthermore, we revealed the molecular mechanism of the preparation for IBD treatment, which might due to the CUR and EMO synergic inhibition of NF-κB to improve the pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Our study provides a new IBD therapy strategy via synergically inhibiting inflammatory, repairing mucosal and clearing ROS by pH-sensitive hydrogel-encapsulated nanoemulsion drug delivery system, which might be developed for other chronic inflammatory disease treatment. CONCLUSIONS It's suggested that pH-sensitive hydrogel-coated nanoemulsion-based codelivery systems are a promising combinatorial platform in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenting Lei
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Chinese Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Deng
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongquan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maochang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianhui Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Evariste L, Lamas B, Ellero-Simatos S, Khoury L, Cartier C, Gaultier E, Chassaing B, Feltin N, Devoille L, Favre G, Audebert M, Houdeau E. A 90-day oral exposure to food-grade gold at relevant human doses impacts the gut microbiota and the local immune system in a sex-dependent manner in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37443115 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible gold (Au) is commonly used as a food additive (E175 in EU) for confectionery and cake decorations, coatings and in beverages. Food-grade gold is most often composed of thin Au sheets or flakes exhibiting micro- and nanometric dimensions in their thickness. Concerns about the impact of mineral particles used as food additives on human health are increasing with respect to the particular physico-chemical properties of nanosized particles, which enable them to cross biological barriers and interact with various body cell compartments. In this study, male and female mice were exposed daily to E175 or an Au nanomaterial (Ref-Au) incorporated into food at relevant human dose for 90 days in order to determine the potential toxicity of edible gold. RESULTS E175 or Ref-Au exposure in mice did not induce any histomorphological damage of the liver, spleen or intestine, nor any genotoxic effects in the colon and liver despite an apparent higher intestinal absorption level of Au particles in mice exposed to Ref-Au compared to the E175 food additive. No changes in the intestinal microbiota were reported after treatment with Ref-Au, regardless of sex. In contrast, after E175 exposure, an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and in the abundance of Proteobacteria were observed in females, while a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids occurred in both sexes. Moreover, increased production of IL-6, TNFα and IL-1β was observed in the colon of female mice at the end of the 90-day exposure to E175, whereas, decreased IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17 and TGFβ levels were found in the male colon. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that a 90-day exposure to E175 added to the diet alters the gut microbiota and intestinal immune response in a sex-dependent manner in mice. Within the dose range of human exposure to E175, these alterations remained low in both sexes and mostly appeared to be nontoxic. However, at the higher dose, the observed gut dysbiosis and the intestinal low-grade inflammation in female mice could favour the occurrence of metabolic disorders supporting the establishment of toxic reference values for the safe use of gold as food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christel Cartier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Marc Audebert
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- PrediTox, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Wardill HR, Da Silva Ferreira AR, Kumar H, Bateman EH, Cross CB, Bowen JM, Havinga R, Harmsen HJM, Knol J, Dorresteijn B, van Dijk M, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Tissing WJE. Whey-based diet containing medium chain triglycerides modulates the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal mucosa from chemotherapy while maintaining therapy efficacy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:338. [PMID: 37221162 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity (i.e. cell death) is the core mechanism by which chemotherapy induces its anti-cancer effects. Unfortunately, this same mechanism underpins the collateral damage it causes to healthy tissues. The gastrointestinal tract is highly susceptible to chemotherapy's cytotoxicity, resulting in ulcerative lesions (termed gastrointestinal mucositis, GI-M) that impair the functional capacity of the gut leading to diarrhea, anorexia, malnutrition and weight loss, which negatively impact physical/psychological wellbeing and treatment adherence. Preventing these side effects has proven challenging given the overlapping mechanisms that dictate chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity. Here, we report on a novel dietary intervention that, due to its localized gastrointestinal effects, is able to protect the intestinal mucosal from unwanted toxicity without impairing the anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy. The test diet (containing extensively hydrolyzed whey protein and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs)), was investigated in both tumor-naïve and tumor-bearing models to evaluate its effect on GI-M and chemo-efficacy, respectively. In both models, methotrexate was used as the representative chemotherapeutic agent and the diet was provided ad libitum for 14 days prior to treatment. GI-M was measured using the validated biomarker plasma citrulline, and chemo-efficacy defined by tumor burden (cm3/g body weight). The test diet significantly attenuated GI-M (P = 0.03), with associated reductions in diarrhea (P < 0.0001), weight loss (P < 0.05), daily activity (P < 0.02) and maintenance of body composition (P < 0.02). Moreover, the test diet showed significant impact on gut microbiota by increasing diversity and resilience, whilst also altering microbial composition and function (indicated by cecal short and brained chain fatty acids). The test diet did not impair the efficacy of methotrexate against mammary adenocarcinoma (tumor) cells. In line with the first model, the test diet minimized intestinal injury (P = 0.001) and diarrhea (P < 0.0001). These data support translational initiatives to determine the clinical feasibility, utility and efficacy of this diet to improve chemotherapy treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Wardill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine, The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Ana Rita Da Silva Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emma H Bateman
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney B Cross
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine, The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Wim J E Tissing
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Ma M, Wang Y, Fan S, Huang Y, Su X, Lu C. Urolithin A Alleviates Colitis in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Modulating Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism, and Triggering AhR Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7710-7722. [PMID: 37167350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Urolithin A (UroA) is a microbial metabolite derived from ellagitannins and ellagic acid with good bioavailability. In this study, we explored the anticolitis activity of UroA and clarified the mechanism by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabonomics. UroA alleviated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, characterized by a decreased disease activity index, increased colon length, and improved colonic histopathological lesions, along with inhibited phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In addition, UroA improved gut microbiota dysbiosis and modulated the microbiota metabolome. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics focused on tryptophan catabolites showed that UroA significantly increased the production of indole-3-aldehyde (IAld) and subsequently led to increased colonic expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and promoted the serum content of IL-22 in mice with colitis. Collectively, our data identified a novel anticolitis mechanism of UroA by improving gut microbiota dysbiosis, modulating microbial tryptophan metabolism, promoting IAld production, and triggering AhR/IL-22 axis activation. However, a limitation noted in this study is that these beneficial effects of UroA were found at 50 μM in vitro and 20 mg/kg in vivo, which were nonphysiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315211, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315832, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315211, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315832, China
| | - Siqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315211, China
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315832, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315211, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315832, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315211, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315832, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315211, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo City 315832, China
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11
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Paine H, Jones F, Kinross J. Preparing the Bowel (Microbiome) for Surgery: Surgical Bioresilience. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2023; 36:138-145. [PMID: 36844712 PMCID: PMC9946716 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of the bowel for radical surgery is a corner stone of elective colorectal practice. The evidence for this intervention is of variable quality and it is often contradictory, yet there is now a global move toward the adoption of oral antibiotic therapy for the reduction of perioperative infective complications, such as surgical site infections. The gut microbiome is a critical mediator of the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, wound healing, and perioperative gut function. The loss of critical microbial symbiotic functions caused by bowel preparation and surgery has an adverse impact on surgical outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly defined. In this review, the evidence for bowel preparation strategies is critically appraised in the context of the gut microbiome. The impact of antibiotic therapy on the surgical gut microbiome and the importance of the intestinal "resistome" to surgical recovery is described. Data to support the augmentation of the microbiome through diet, probiotic and symbiotic approaches, as well as fecal transplantation are also appraised. Finally, we propose a novel strategy of bowel preparation defined as " surgical bioresilience " and define areas or prioritization in this emerging field. This describes the optimization of surgical intestinal homeostasis and core surgical exposome-microbiome interactions that regulate the wound immune microenvironment, the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, and gut function across the perioperative time course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Paine
- Division of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faye Jones
- Division of General Surgery, King Edward VII Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Kinross
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Tang C, Yuan J, Luo C, Li D, Xie T, Sun X, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Guo C, Cao Z, Li S, Wang W. Medium chain fatty acid supplementation improves animal metabolic and immune status during the transition period: A study on dairy cattle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1018867. [PMID: 36776875 PMCID: PMC9911908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1018867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition period is the stage of the high incidence of metabolic and infectious diseases in dairy cows. Improving transition dairy cows' health is crucial for the industry. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on immune function, metabolic status, performance of transition dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows randomly assigned to two treatments at 35 d before calving. 1) CON (fed the basal 2) MCFA treatment (basal diet was supplemented at an additional 20 g MCFAs mixture every day) until 70 d after calving. The results showed that the serum amyloid A myeloperoxidase concentrations in the blood of cows in MCFA treatment significantly decreased during the early lactation (from 1 d to 28 d after calving) 0.03, 0.04, respectively) compared with the CON, while the tumor necrosis factor concentration was significantly decreased at 56 d after calving (P = 0.02). In addition, the concentration of insulin in the pre-calving (from 21 d before calving to calving) blood of cows in MCFA treatment was significantly decreased (P = 0.04), and concentration of triglyceride also showed a downward trend at 28 d after calving 0.07). Meanwhile, MCFAs supplementation significantly decreased the concentrations of lithocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and hyocholic acid in the blood at 1 d calving (P = 0.02, < 0.01, < 0.01, respectively), and the level of hyocholic acid taurocholic acid concentrations (P < 0.01, = 0.01, respectively) decreased dramatically at 14 d after calving. However, compared with the CON, the pre-calving dry matter intake and the early lactation milk yield in MCFA treatment were significantly decreased (P = 0.05, 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, MCFAs supplementation transition diet could improve the immune function and metabolic status of dairy cows, and the health of transition cows might be beneficial from the endocrine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlan Tang
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wei Wang,
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13
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Qi N, Liu S, Yan F, Chen B, Wu S, Lin X, Yan Z, Zhou Q, Liao S, Li J, Lv M, Cai H, Hu J, Zhang J, Gu Y, Sun M. Study of microencapsulated fatty acid antimicrobial activity in vitro and its prevention ability of Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis in broiler chicken. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:1. [PMID: 36593526 PMCID: PMC9808942 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an infectious intestinal disease caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) that is now re-emerging and causing concern within the poultry industry. Previously, the supplementation of antibiotics in feed was the most popular control strategy against C. perfringens. However, with the ban on supplementing growth-promoting antibiotics in livestock feed, alternatives to antibiotics will be essential in order to control necrotic enteritis. A possible alternative to antibiotics could be the medium or long chain fatty acids (MCFA or LCFA) as these are able to destroy cell membranes which in turn results in the death of bacteria. In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different combinations with microencapsulated caprylic acid (C8: 0), capric acid (C10: 0), lauric acid (C12: 0) and myristic acid (C14: 0) against C. perfringens and in vivo control the NE-inducing C. perfringens in broiler chicken were analyzed. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay results revealed that three different combinations of medium/long chain fatty acids varied in antimicrobial activities against C. perfringens type A strain (CVCC52, quality control), C. perfringens type A strain (C8-1), C. perfringens type G strain (D25) and C. perfringens type G strain (MZ1). Specifically, combination of C12: 0 and C14: 0 (C12-14) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the four strains of C. perfringens (MIC ≤ 12.5 μg/mL, MBC = 50 μg/mL), followed by the combination of C10: 0 and C12: 0 (C10-12) (MIC, MBC ≤ 50 μg/mL). The in vivo study, 189 of 818-crossbred chickens that were fed a wheat-based diet and randomly divided into nine groups, with six treatment groups supplemented with either a high dose (1 g/kg) or low dose (0.5 g/kg) of three combinations respectively. The remaining three groups comsisted of a positive group supplement with avilamycin (0.01 g/kg), an infected control and an uninfected control. All chickens were challenged with C. perfringens from day 14 to day 17, except those in the uninfected control group. On day 20, the duodenum and jejunum necrotic lesions scores were calculated and the results showed that there was significant decrease in the C12-C14 high dose group (1.43 ± 0.23, 0.48 ± 0.13) and the C10-12 high dose group (1.52 ± 0.19, 0.48 ± 0.11) compared to the infected group (2.86 ± 0.21, 1.20 ± 0.28). CONCLUSIONS This finding indicated that dietary microencapsulated C12-C14 and C10-C12 could inhibit the growth of C. perfringens in chickens, which proves is viability to serve as an alternative to antibiotics used for necrotic enteritis caused by C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshan Qi
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaobing Liu
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.443368.e0000 0004 1761 4068College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangquan Yan
- Guangzhou Wisdom Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510700 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- Guangzhou Wisdom Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510700 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Wu
- Guangzhou Wisdom Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510700 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Minna Lv
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiming Cai
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjing Hu
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Youfang Gu
- grid.443368.e0000 0004 1761 4068College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfei Sun
- grid.135769.f0000 0001 0561 6611Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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14
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Caprarulo V, Turin L, Hejna M, Reggi S, Dell’Anno M, Riccaboni P, Trevisi P, Luise D, Baldi A, Rossi L. Protective effect of phytogenic plus short and medium-chain fatty acids-based additives in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenged piglets. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:217-231. [PMID: 35616772 PMCID: PMC9873745 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Post Weaning Diarrhea (PWD) is the most important multifactorial gastroenteric disease of the weaning in pig livestock. Phytogenic (PHY) natural extracts are largely studied as alternatives to antibiotic treatments in combating the global concern of the antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of innovative phytogenic premix with or without short and medium chain fatty acids (SCFA and MCFA) in O138 Escherichia coli challenged piglets. Twenty-seven weaned piglets were allotted into four groups fed different diets according to the following dietary treatments: CTRL (n = 13) group fed basal diet, PHY1 (n = 7) fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% of phytogenic premix, PHY2 (n = 7) fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% of phytogenic premix added with 2000 ppm of SCFA and MCFA. After 6 days of experimental diet feeding, animals were challenged (day 0) with 2 × 109 CFU of E. coli and CTRL group was divided at day 0 into positive (challenged CTRL + ; n = 6) and negative control group (unchallenged CTRL-; n = 7). Body weights were recorded at -14, -6, 0, 4 and 7 days and the feed intake was recorded daily. E. coli shedding was monitored for 4 days post-challenge by plate counting. Fecal consistency was registered daily by a four-point scale (0-3; diarrhea > 1) during the post-challenge period. Tissue samples were obtained for gene expression and histological evaluations at day 7 from four animals per group. Lower average feed intake was observed in CTRL + compared to PHY2 and CTRL during the post-challenge period. Infected groups showed higher E. coli shedding compared to CTRL- during the 4 days post-challenge (p < 0.01). PHY2 showed lower frequency of diarrhea compared to PHY1 and CTRL + from 5 to 7 days post-challenge. No significant alterations among groups were observed in histopathological evaluation. Duodenum expression of occludin tended to be lower in challenged groups compared to CTRL- at 7 days post-challenge (p = 0.066). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of PHY plus SCFA and MCFA revealed encouraging results for diarrhea prevention and growth performance in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caprarulo
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Lauretta Turin
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Monika Hejna
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Serena Reggi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Matteo Dell’Anno
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Pietro Riccaboni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Baldi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Luciana Rossi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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15
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Kapoor B, Gulati M, Rani P, Gupta R. Psoriasis: Interplay between dysbiosis and host immune system. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103169. [PMID: 35964945 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With advancement in human microbiome research, an increasing number of scientific evidences have endorsed the key role of both gut and skin microbiota in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Microbiome dysbiosis, characterized by altered diversity and composition, as well as rise of pathobionts, have been identified as possible triggers for recurrent episodes of psoriasis. Mechanistically, gut dysbiosis leads to "leaky gut syndrome" via disruption of epithelial bilayer, thereby, resulting in translocation of bacteria and other endotoxins to systemic circulation, which in turn, results in inflammatory response. Similarly, skin dysbiosis disrupts the cutaneous homeostasis, leading to invasion of bacteria and other pathogens to deeper layers of skin or even systemic circulation further enhanced by injury caused by pruritus-induced scratching, and elicit innate and adaptive inflammation. The present review explores the correlation of both skin and gut microbiota dysbiosis with psoriasis. Also, the studies highlighting the potential of bacteriotherapeutic approaches including probiotics, prebiotics, metabiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation for the management of psoriasis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Pooja Rani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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16
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Zhang Z, Tang Y, Fang W, Cui K, Xu D, Liu G, Chi S, Tan B, Mai K, Ai Q. Octanoate Alleviates Dietary Soybean Oil-Induced Intestinal Physical Barrier Damage, Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response and Microbial Dysbiosis in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys Crocea). Front Immunol 2022; 13:892901. [PMID: 35844501 PMCID: PMC9277137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Octanoate is a type of classical medium-chain fatty acids, which is widely used to treat neurological and metabolic syndrome. However, the specific role of octanoate in repairing intestinal health impairment is currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether dietary octanoate repaired the intestinal damage induced by surplus soybean oil in Larimichthys crocea. In this study, dietary octanoate alleviated abnormal morphology of the intestine and enhanced expression of ZO-1 and ZO-2 to improve intestinal physical barrier. Further, dietary octanoate increased antioxidant enzymic activities and decreased the level of ROS to alleviate the intestinal oxidative stress. Dietary octanoate also attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the polarity of macrophage to reduce the intestinal inflammatory response. Moreover, the result of intestinal microbial 16S rRNA sequence showed that dietary octanoate repaired the intestinal mucosal microbial dysbiosis, and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Dietary octanoate supplementation also increased the level of acetic acid in intestinal content and serum through increasing the abundance of acetate-producing strains. Overall, in Larimichthys crocea, dietary octanoate might alleviated oxidative stress, inflammatory response and microbial dysbiosis to repair the intestinal damage induced by surplus soybean oil. This work provides vital insights into the underlying mechanisms and treatment strategies for intestinal damage in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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17
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Wang B, Ye X, Guo Z, Kuang L, Yang R, Li C, Guo Z, Zheng J, Li YY, Lei M, Lu J, Xie X. Medium chain triglycerides improve the growth performance, immune and antioxidant functions, and intestinal health of weaned rabbits. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13794. [PMID: 36544431 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose is to study the effects of different doses of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) on growth performance, immune and oxidative functions, and intestinal health of weaned rabbits. A total of 600 weaned rabbits weighing about 993.26 g and at 35 d of age were randomly divided into five groups. The control group was fed a basal diet containing 2400 mg/kg soybean oil, and the experimental group was substituted with 600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 mg/kg MCT. The whole trial period lasted for 48 d. The results showed that treatment with 2400 mg/kg MCT significantly increased the weaning survival rate and crude fat digestibility (p < 0.05) and dramatically raised the levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capability (p < 0.05). The villus height and crypt depth in 1800 mg/kg MCT group were observably enhanced (p < 0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly increased in 1800 and 2400 mg/kg MCT groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 1800 and 2400 mg/kg MCT substituting soybean oil in the diet of weaned rabbits can improve the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of weaned rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangde Kuang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Congyan Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Ying Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Lei
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingzhi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
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18
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Xu E, Chen C, Fu J, Zhu L, Shu J, Jin M, Wang Y, Zong X. Dietary fatty acids in gut health: Absorption, metabolism and function. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1337-1344. [PMID: 34786506 PMCID: PMC8570925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In biological responses, fatty acids (FA) are absorbed and metabolized in the form of substrates for energy production. The molecular structures (number of double bonds and chain length) and composition of dietary FA impact digestion, absorption and metabolism, and the biological roles of FA. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FA are essentially utilized as an energy source and are signaling molecules that exert physiological activity of gut microbiota and immune responses. In addition, FA could serve as natural ligands for orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), also called free fatty acid receptors (FFAR), which intertwine metabolic and immune systems via multiple mechanisms. The present review explores the recent findings on FA absorption and its impact on gut health, particularly addressing the mechanism by which dietary FA potentially influences intestinal microbiota and epithelial functions. Also, this work attempts to uncover research ideas for devising future strategies for manipulating the composition of dietary FA to regulate gut health and support a normal immune system for metabolic and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Luoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Junlan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
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19
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Ma X. Protein Metabolism in Host Gastrointestinal Tract. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:742-743. [PMID: 33210583 DOI: 10.2174/138920372108200923163047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University (CAU) Beijing, China
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