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González I, Lindner C, Schneider I, Diaz E, Morales MA, Rojas A. Emerging and multifaceted potential contributions of polyphenols in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:154-169. [PMID: 38464365 PMCID: PMC10921170 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as a serious public health concern with a considerable impact on human life, long-term health expenditures, and substantial health losses. In this context, the use of dietary polyphenols to prevent and manage T2DM is widely documented. These dietary compounds exert their beneficial effects through several actions, including the protection of pancreatic islet β-cell, the antioxidant capacities of these molecules, their effects on insulin secretion and actions, the regulation of intestinal microbiota, and their contribution to ameliorate diabetic complications, particularly those of vascular origin. In the present review, we intend to highlight these multifaceted actions and the molecular mechanisms by which these plant-derived secondary metabolites exert their beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Ivan Schneider
- Centre of Primary Attention, South Metropolitan Health Service, Santiago 3830000, Chile
| | - Erik Diaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
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2
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Khanam A, Alouffi S, Alyahyawi AR, Husain A, Khan S, Alharazi T, Akasha R, Khan H, Shahab U, Ahmad S. Generation of autoantibodies against glycated fibrinogen: Role in diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Anal Biochem 2024; 685:115393. [PMID: 37977213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of glycation, characterized by the non-enzymatic reaction between sugars and free amino groups on biomolecules, is a key contributor to the development and progression of both microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes, particularly due to persistent hyperglycemia. This glycation process gives rise to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which play a central role in the pathophysiology of diabetes complications, including nephropathy. The d-ribose-mediated glycation of fibrinogen plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetes nephropathy (DN) and retinopathy (DR) by the generation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycated fibrinogen with d-ribose (Rb-gly-Fb) induces structural changes that trigger an autoimmune response by generating and exposing neoepitopes on fibrinogen molecules. The present research is designed to investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies against Rb-gly-Fb in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), DN & DR. Direct binding ELISA was used to test the binding affinity of autoantibodies from patients' sera against Rb-gly-Fb and competitive ELISA was used to confirm the direct binding findings by checking the bindings of isolated IgG against Rb-gly-Fb and its native conformer. In comparison to healthy subjects, 32% of T2DM, 67% of DN and 57.85% of DR patients' samples demonstrated a strong binding affinity towards Rb-gly-Fb. Both native and Rb-gly-Fb binding by healthy subjects (HS) sera were non-significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the early, intermediate, and end products of glycation have been assessed through biochemical and physicochemical analysis. The biochemical markers in the patient groups were also significant (p < 0.05) in comparison to the HS group. This study not only establishes the prevalence of autoantibodies against d-ribose glycated fibrinogen in DN but also highlights the potential of glycated fibrinogen as a biomarker for the detection of DN and/or DR. These insights may open new avenues for research into novel therapeutic strategies and the prevention of diabetes-related nephropathy and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Khanam
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, 202146, India
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad R Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Arbab Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, 202146, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alharazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamda Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia.
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Haque A, Khan MWA, Alenezi KM, Soury R, Khan MS, Ahamad S, Mushtaque M, Gupta D. Synthesis, Characterization, Antiglycation Evaluation, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies of 4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1810-1820. [PMID: 38222574 PMCID: PMC10785283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The design and development of new small-molecule glycation inhibitors are essential for preventing various chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, immunoinflammation, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. 4-Thiazolidinone or thiazolidine-4-one is a well-known heterocyclic compound with the potential to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. In the present work, we report the synthesis and characterization of four new 5-arylidene 3-cyclopropyl-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one (1-4) compounds and their human serum albumin glycation inhibitory activity. One of the compounds 5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (3) showed potent inhibition in the synthesis of initial, intermediary, and final products of glycation reactions. Besides, conformational changes in the α-helix and β-sheet (due to hyperglycemia) were also found to be reversed upon the addition of (3). Experimental findings were complemented by computational [molecular docking, ADME/Tox, and density functional theory (DFT)] studies. The docking scores of the compounds were in order 1 > 3 > 2 > 4, indicating the importance of the polar group at the 5-arylidene moiety. The results of ADME/Tox and DFT calculations revealed the safe nature of the compounds with high drug-likeness and stability. Overall, we speculate that the results of this study could provide valuable insights into the biological activity of 4-thiazolidinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Medical
and Diagnostic Research Centre, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Medical
and Diagnostic Research Centre, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf M. Alenezi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Medical
and Diagnostic Research Centre, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raoudha Soury
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Medical
and Diagnostic Research Centre, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan
Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Translational
Bioinformatics Group, International Centre
for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Mushtaque
- Department
of Chemistry, Millat College (A Constituent
College of Lalit Narayan Mithila University), Darbhanga 846003, Bihar, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational
Bioinformatics Group, International Centre
for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg 110067, New Delhi, India
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4
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Dong L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Liu L, Farag M, Liu L. The binding mechanism of oat phenolic acid to whey protein and its inhibition mechanism against AGEs as revealed using spectroscopy, chromatography and molecular docking. Food Funct 2023; 14:10221-10231. [PMID: 37916290 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat sterilization of dairy products can promote the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein oxidation products (POPs) and α-dicarbonyl compounds, which have a significant influence on health due to the close association of these products with diabetes complications. In this study, eight oat phenolic acids were first analyzed for their inhibitory effect against AGEs formation. Due to their strong inhibitory effects and structural differences, caffeic acid (CA) and gallic acid (GA) were further selected to assess their anti-glycosylation mechanisms using spectroscopy, chromatography and molecular docking. CA/GA reduced the production of total AGEs and POPs in various bovine milk simulation models and protected whey proteins from structural modifications, oxidation, and cross-linking. Comparative analyses showed a structure-effect relationship between CA/GA and AGEs inhibition. Oat phenolic acids against AGEs and POPs might be related to the unique bonding of key amino acid residues in whey proteins, the inhibitory role of early fructosamine and the trapping of reactive α-dicarbonyl groups to form adducts. In conclusion, oat phenolic acids might present a promising dietary strategy to alleviate AGEs production and glycation of proteins in dairy products upon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yunzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lingyi Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68588, NE, USA
| | - Mohamed Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Lianliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
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Feng N, Feng Y, Tan J, Zhou C, Xu J, Chen Y, Xiao J, He Y, Wang C, Zhou M, Wu Q. Inhibition of advance glycation end products formation, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption and toxicity: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125814. [PMID: 37451379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are the final products of the non-enzymatic interaction between reducing sugars and amino groups in proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In numerous diseases, such as diabetes, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, aging, nephropathy, retinopathy, and chronic renal illness, accumulation of AGEs has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural tissue damage leading to chronic vascular issues. Current studies on the inhibition of AGEs mainly focused on food processing. However, there are few studies on the inhibition of AGEs during digestion, absorption and metabolism although there are still plenty of AGEs in our body with our daily diet. This review comprehensively expounded AGEs inhibition mechanism based on the whole process of digestion, absorption and metabolism by polyphenols, amino acids, hydrophilic colloid, carnosine and other new anti-glycation agents. Our study will provide a ground-breaking perspective on mediation or inhibition AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianjie Feng
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Yingna Feng
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Jiangying Tan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Pinyuan (Suizhou) Modern Agriculture Development Co., LTD., Suizhou, Hubei 441300, China
| | - Yashu Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yi He
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Mengzhou Zhou
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
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6
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Husain A, Alouffi S, Khanam A, Akasha R, Farooqui A, Ahmad S. Therapeutic Efficacy of Natural Product 'C-Phycocyanin' in Alleviating Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes via the Inhibition of Glycation Reaction in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214235. [PMID: 36430714 PMCID: PMC9698742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated blood sugar levels. Chronic hyperglycemia enhances glucose-protein interactions, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which form irreversible cross-links with a wide variety of macromolecules, and accumulate rapidly in the body tissues. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic properties of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) obtained from Plectonema species against oxidative stress, glycation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rat. Forty-five days of C-PC administration decreased levels of triglycerides (TGs), blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver and kidney function indices, and raised body weight in diabetic rats. C-PC suppressed biochemical glycation markers, as well as serum carboxymethyllysine (CML) and fluorescent AGEs. Additionally, C-PC maintained the redox state by lowering lipid peroxidation and protein-bound carbonyl content (CC), enhancing the activity of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and renal antioxidant enzymes, and preserving retinal and renal histopathological characteristics. Thus, we infer that C-PC possesses antidiabetic and antiglycation effects in diabetic rats. C-PC may also act as an antidiabetic and antiglycation agent in vivo that may reduce the risk of secondary diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbab Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education and Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh 202145, India
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Afreen Khanam
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education and Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh 202145, India
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng W, Li H, Go Y, Chan XH(F, Huang Q, Wu J. Research Advances on the Damage Mechanism of Skin Glycation and Related Inhibitors. Nutrients 2022; 14:4588. [PMID: 36364850 PMCID: PMC9655929 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Our skin is an organ with the largest contact area between the human body and the external environment. Skin aging is affected directly by both endogenous factors and exogenous factors (e.g., UV exposure). Skin saccharification, a non-enzymatic reaction between proteins, e.g., dermal collagen and naturally occurring reducing sugars, is one of the basic root causes of endogenous skin aging. During the reaction, a series of complicated glycation products produced at different reaction stages and pathways are usually collectively referred to as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs cause cellular dysfunction through the modification of intracellular molecules and accumulate in tissues with aging. AGEs are also associated with a variety of age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal failure (uremia), and Alzheimer's disease. AGEs accumulate in the skin with age and are amplified through exogenous factors, e.g., ultraviolet radiation, resulting in wrinkles, loss of elasticity, dull yellowing, and other skin problems. This article focuses on the damage mechanism of glucose and its glycation products on the skin by summarizing the biochemical characteristics, compositions, as well as processes of the production and elimination of AGEs. One of the important parts of this article would be to summarize the current AGEs inhibitors to gain insight into the anti-glycation mechanism of the skin and the development of promising natural products with anti-glycation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Zheng
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuyo Go
- Royal Victoria Hospital, BT12 6BA Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Qing Huang
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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8
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Ahmad S, Al-Shaghdali K, Rehman S, Khan MY, Rafi Z, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Tahir IK, Khan S, Ahmad S, Shahab U. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of isolated human immunoglobulin-G by D-ribose. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:526-534. [PMID: 35707967 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycation is vital in terms of its damaging effect on macromolecules resulting in the formation of end products, which are highly reactive and cross-linked irreversible structures, known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The continuous accumulation of AGEs is associated with severe diabetes and its associated ailments. Saccharides with their reducing ends can glycate amino acid side chains of proteins, among them glucose is well-known for its potent glycating capability. However, other reducing sugars can be more reactive glycating agents than glucose. The D-ribose is a pentose sugar-containing an active aldehyde group in its open form and is responsible for affecting the biological processes of the cellular system. D-ribose, a key component of many biological molecules, is more reactive than most reducing sugars. Protein glycation by reducing monosaccharides such as D-ribose promotes the accelerated formation of AGEs that could lead to cellular impairments and dysfunctions. Also, under a physiological cellular state, the bioavailability rate of D-ribose is much higher than that of glucose in diabetes, which makes this species much more active in protein glycation as compared with D-glucose. Due to the abnormal level of D-ribose in the biological system, the glycation of proteins with D-ribose needs to be analyzed and addressed carefully. In the present study, human immunoglobulin G (IgG) was isolated and purified via affinity column chromatography. D-ribose at 10 and 100 mM concentrations was used as glycating agent, for 1-12 days of incubation at 37°C. The postglycation changes in IgG molecule were characterized by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, nitroblue tetrazolium assay, and various other physicochemical analyses for the confirmation of D-ribose mediated IgG glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Shaghdali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnawaz Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, S.S. Faculty of Science, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur, India
| | - Mohd Yasir Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Science (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Zeeshan Rafi
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iram Khan Tahir
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Faculty of Science, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dental Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafeeque Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Al-Falah School of Medical Science and Research Centre, Al-Falah University, Dhauj, India
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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9
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Non-inhibitory effects of the potent antioxidant C-phycocyanin from Plectonema sp. on the in vitro glycation reaction. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
When glucose and Amadori products are auto-oxidized, glycation occurs, resulting in the formation of early (Amadori) and late advanced glycation end products (AGEs), as well as free radicals. Glycation and an increase in free radical activity induce diabetic complications. Antioxidant and antiglycation compounds may aid in the prevention of oxidation and glycation. The goal of this study was to assess the antiglycation and antioxidant capacity of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) derived from Plectonema sp. The DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and ferric ions reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to assess antioxidant activity, while an in vitro bovine serum albumin-methyl glyoxal glycation (BSA-MG) model was used to assess glycation inhibitory potential. Glycation inhibition was measured using a variety of spectroscopic and biochemical parameters, including UV-visible & fluorescence spectroscopy, ketoamine, carbonyl and hydroxymethyl furfural content, as well as free lysine & free arginine estimations. In vitro, C-PC exhibited dose-dependent potent antioxidant activity, but lacked significant antiglycation potential. As a result, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to evaluate the antiglycation potential of C-PC.
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10
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Sadeghi M, Miroliaei M, Taslimi P, Moradi M. In silico analysis of the molecular interaction and bioavailability properties between some alkaloids and human serum albumin. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Biophysical, Biochemical, and Molecular Docking Investigations of Anti-Glycating, Antioxidant, and Protein Structural Stability Potential of Garlic. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061868. [PMID: 35335232 PMCID: PMC8950752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic has been reported to inhibit protein glycation, a process that underlies several disease processes, including chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Biophysical, biochemical, and molecular docking investigations were conducted to assess anti-glycating, antioxidant, and protein structural protection activities of garlic. Results from spectral (UV and fluorescence) and circular dichroism (CD) analysis helped ascertain protein conformation and secondary structure protection against glycation to a significant extent. Further, garlic showed heat-induced protein denaturation inhibition activity (52.17%). It also inhibited glycation, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation as well as lent human serum albumin (HSA) protein structural stability, as revealed by reduction in browning intensity (65.23%), decrease in protein aggregation index (67.77%), and overall reduction in cross amyloid structure formation (33.26%) compared with positive controls (100%). The significant antioxidant nature of garlic was revealed by FRAP assay (58.23%) and DPPH assay (66.18%). Using molecular docking analysis, some of the important garlic metabolites were investigated for their interactions with the HSA molecule. Molecular docking analysis showed quercetin, a phenolic compound present in garlic, appears to be the most promising inhibitor of glucose interaction with the HSA molecule. Our findings show that garlic can prevent oxidative stress and glycation-induced biomolecular damage and that it can potentially be used in the treatment of several health conditions, including diabetes and other inflammatory diseases.
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Ahmad S, Rehman S. Impact of Reactive Dicarbonyls on Biological Macromolecules- Role in Metabolic Disorders. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:844-845. [PMID: 33323095 DOI: 10.2174/138920372109201105114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saheem Ahmad
- IIRC-1. Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorders Department of Biosciences Integral University Lucknow, India
| | - Shahnawaz Rehman
- IIRC-1. Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorders Department of Biosciences Integral University Lucknow, India
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Ahmad S, Khan MS, Alouffi S, Khan S, Khan M, Akashah R, Faisal M, Shahab U. Gold Nanoparticle-Bioconjugated Aminoguanidine Inhibits Glycation Reaction: An In Vivo Study in a Diabetic Animal Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5591851. [PMID: 34055984 PMCID: PMC8137289 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5591851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteins undergo glycation resulting in the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that play a central role in the onset and advancement of diabetes-associated secondary complications. Aminoguanidine (AG) acts as an antiglycating agent by inhibiting AGE generation by blocking reactive carbonyl species (RCS) like, methylglyoxal (MGO). Previous studies on antiglycating behavior of AG gave promising results in the treatment of diabetes-associated microvascular complications, but it was discontinued as it was found to be toxic at high concentrations (>10 mmol/L). The current article aims at glycation inhibition by conjugating gold nanoparticles (Gnp) with less concentration of AG (0.5-1.0 mmol/L). The HPLC results showed that AG-Gnp fairly hampers the formation of glycation adducts. Moreover, the in vivo studies revealed AG-Gnp mediated inhibition in the production of total-AGEs and -N ε -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) in the diabetic rat model. This inhibition was found to be directly correlated with the antioxidant parameters, blood glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, the histopathology of AG-Gnp-treated rats showed good recovery in the damaged pancreatic tissue as compared to diabetic rats. We propose that this approach might increase the efficacy of AG at relatively low concentrations to avoid toxicity and might facilitate to overcome the hazardous actions of antiglycating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Sajid Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihab Akashah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biotechnology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Sitapur-Hardoi Bypass Road, Lucknow 226013, India
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Rehman S, Aatif M, Rafi Z, Khan MY, Shahab U, Ahmad S, Farhan M. Effect of non-enzymatic glycosylation in the epigenetics of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:543-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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